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LOUISE BEEBE WILDER 




Class _SjB_15^ 
Rnnk V^^. .., 



COFaUGHT DEPOSIE 



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THIS EDITION IS LIMITED 

TO 

1500 NUMBERED COPIES 

OF WHICH THIS IS 



NO. 



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COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 




PLATE NO. I FRONTISPIECE 
SEE PLATE NO- I5 



rwiHERE is a gate at the opposite end of the 
J garden and one on each side, but this 
hallwaij through the Garden House that we reach 
bu pleasant stages through the Nursery and 
Herb Garden is the one most commonly used. 
The fine Rose on the Garden House porch 
is the Lion Rambler. 

A description of th^ large bed opposite will 
be found in Plate No. 16 {July 10th). 



THE WAY INTO THE GARDEN 

JULY 2 I ST 



COLOUR 

I N 
MY GARDEN 

BY 

LOUISE BEEBE WILDER 

AUTHOR OF 

"MY GARDEN" 




COLOUR IS THE MOST SACRED ELEMENT 
OF ALL THINGS. 

— RUSKIN 



ILLUSTRATED IN COLOUR 

BY 

ANNA WINEGAR 



GARDEN CITY NEW YORK 

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 
1918 






Copyright, igi8, by 

DOUBLEDAY, PaGE & COMPANY 

/4ll rights reserved, including that of 

translation into foreign languages, 

including the Scandinavian 



OCT -R 1918 

>CiJ.50y641 



Horticulture is, next to music, the most 
sensitive of the fine arts. Properly allied 
to Architecture, garden-making is as near 
as a man may get to the Divine functions. 

— Maurice Hewlett. 



FOREWORD 



FOREWORD 

The quality of charm in colour is like the human attribute known as 
fascination, "whereof," says old Cotton Mather, "men have more 
experience than comprehension." — Alice Morse Earl. 

In his garden every man may be his own artist without 
apology or explanation. Here is one spot where each 
may experience the "romance of possibihty," may give free 
rein to his fancy, and gather his living materials into composi- 
tions as gay, as splendid, or as wan as his individual enjoy- 
ment of colour dictates. "Parterres embroidered like a 
petticoat" are for some; gardens tricked out in all the 
tints and shades of a single colour are for others; still others 
find their pleasure in a throng of many-hued flowers smiling 
with the naivete of an old-fashioned bouquet in defiance of 
criticism. And there are many like myself who know the 
delight of seeking to fashion, from the myriad shades and 
diverse forms laid to our hand, a series of lovely pictures to 
rejoice the eyes throughout the growing year. No phase of 
gardening is to me so fascinating as this scheming with 
flower colours, the more so perhaps that no arbitrary laws 
may be laid down for our following. Each within his 
green inclosure is a creator, and no two shall reach the same 
conclusion; nor shall we, any more than other creative 
workers, be ever wholly satisfied with our accomplishment. 



FOREWORD 

Ever a season ahead of us floats the vision of perfection and 
herein Ues its perennial charm. 

"A man's reach should exceed his grasp 
Or what's Heaven for?" 

In offering this second book of My Garden to those who 
held out so warm a hand of welcome to the first, my desire 
is merely to be suggestive. It is my hope that in these 
loitering peregrinations up and down my garden paths, 
following the chancy flight of young Spring along the 
langourous road of Summer to Autumn's shining house, each 
may find something that to him is beauty, some happy 
assortment of flashing hues, an old flower-friend newly 
companioned, a pleasant use of vine or shrub that gives 
impetus to his own contriving. 

A pen is a poor instrument to chronicle the beauties of a 
garden, a brush is a better, and Miss Winegar has sym- 
pathetically set down part of the pageant of the long season 
spent within my garden walls. All the paintings were 
made within the garden in the same year. The fleeing days 
carried many a charming mood beyond our grasp before 
it could be recorded, but surely there is enough to show 
with what simple, friendly flowers a glad garden may be 
maintained for many months of the year. 

Louise Beebe Wilder. 
"Balderbrae" Pomona, N. Y. 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Foreword ix 

The Plan of My Garden xiv 

CHAPTER 

I. Colour in the Garden: A Confession of Faith 3 

II. The Problem of the Bare Places .... 19 

III. The Colour of the Young Year .... 39 

IV. Tulips and Blossoms 57 

V. Flowers o' Grace 75 

VI. Impressions of a June Morning .... 93 

VII. Rose Colour .115 

VIII. Midsummer Blue 131 

IX. Flowers of Light 149 

X. Colour by the Waterside 165 

XI. The Pool in the Garden 187 

XII. White Flowers in the Night Garden ... 197 

XIII. Colour for the Shady Border 211 

XIV. Magenta the Maligned 223 

XV. The Phloxes 239 

XVI. August Compositions 255 

XVII. A Word for Coloured Foliage 271 

XVIII. Bedding Out 287 

XIX. Michaelmas Daisies 301 

XX. This Side the Snows 317 

XXI. Famihar Plant Names — a Digression. . . 335 

Latin and English Plant Names 351 

Periods of Flowering 387 

xiii 




WSLb (SSMii^Mi&e) eORA£ 4 



THE PLAN OF MY GARDEN 
The numbers shown on the plan refer to the numbers of the colour plates 
and the caret in each case indicates the direction of the view portrayed 



LIST OF COLOUR PLATES 



PLATE 
1. 

2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 

n. 

12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 



Spring Candlelight. March 28th .... 

A Charming Offering of the Spring. April 28th 

Down the Path of Spring. May 1st . 

A Bit of Bizarrerie. May 14th 

May in the Garden. May 15th 

Iris and Lemon Lily. May 21st 

Oriental Poppies and Valerian. May 28th 

The Fullness of the Spring. May 28th . 

June Bounty. June 10th 

The Laughing Face of June. June 20th . 
The Half Moon Pool. June 28th . . . 
A Favourite Composition. July 1st . 
My Garden Celebrates. July 4 . . . 
Hollyhocks and Delphinium. July 7th . 
An Arrangement in Pink. July 10th . 
A Favourite Midsummer Group. July 15th 

High Noon. July 28th 

A Cool Picture. August 1st 

Colour in a North Border. August 6th . 

Summer Moonlight. August 10th . . 

Garden Outlaws. August 29th 

Early Autumn in the Garden. September 10th 

Summer's Obsequies. October 10th . 



CHAPTER I 
COLOUR IN THE GARDEN 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

CHAPTER I 
COLOUR IN THE GARDEN 

Flowers first broke up the prism and made the most subtle portion of 
our sight. — Maeterlinck. 

THE chief concern of the gardeners of old was simply 
to make things grow. They prized each flower for 
itself, chose for it the most suited location, and called 
it by quaint and charming names, but they were not 
disturbed that its colour failed to harmonize with that of 
its neighbour. Crimson Peonies elbowed magenta Foxgloves 
unrebuked, and Tiger Lilies and "purple" Phlox consorted 
comfortably without censure. Under the care of our green- 
fmgered grandmothers gardens throve and were full of 
hearty, wholesome colour and searching fragrance ; and they 
breathed subtly the gentle personality of those whose rare 
leisure was spent in digging and pruning, weeding and 
dreaming among the plants they loved so well. 

We may learn much of patience and tenderness, sincerity 
and thoroughness from these gardeners of other days and may 
well seek to endow our gardens with the restful charm of 
theirs, but we may fairly claim for our own day the great 

3 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

advance that has been made in the decorative employment 
of flowers — their arrangement and relation in the garden so 
as to bring about beautiful pictures. Never has the planting 
of gardens been so effective as a whole; never before have 
their owners endeavoured to bring to bear upon their work, 
not only the skill and knowledge of the horticulturist, but 
the inspiration and taste of the artist. 

In our own earUest attempts at gardening we in turn are 
satisfied with the interest and delight of simply seeing 
things grow, but there very soon comes a time when 
a new desire crosses our green threshold. We become 
obsessed by what John Sedding calls the "malady of the 
ideal," we are haunted by visions of exquisite colours in 
perfect harmony, and our aim is henceforth to make the 
garden a place for broad survey as well as for minute 
scrutiny; to enjoy, not only the individual flower, but to 
make the most of it in relation to other flowers. 

Of course, as is often the case with artistic pursuits, this 
new gardening with a view to colour arrangement is by 
some enthusiasts sadly overdone and degenerates through 
its extreme exactness of finish into something not far from 
the mosaic gardening of the Victorian era. A few years ago 
in England I saw some handsome modern gardens wherein 
the colour arrangements were so obviously planned and 
executed according to a pattern that one had no realization 
of groups of living flowers but looked admiringly upon what 
seemed a huge and clever scheme of decoration. Such a 
garden is wonderful as a spectacle but lacks entirely the gay 
and changeful spirit that is so lovable a characteristic of less- 
studied gardens. We miss the challenge of the unexpected. 

4 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

To know that blue is indelibly stained upon this spot and 
scarlet upon the next, that only devastating frost will dull 
the yellow glow of another, and that to gather a Rose is to 
leave a rent in the tapestry, is surely at variance with our 
most cherished garden ideals. 

It is perhaps fortunate that our climatic conditions 
render this sort of gardening almost an impossibility, so 
that we must of necessity be satisfied with something much 
more simple and approachable. On account of the extreme 
heat and dryness of the American summers, flowers here 
enjoy a far shorter individual life tenure than in the damper 
atmosphere of the British Isles. No sooner is a fine display 
of colour unfolded before our delighted gaze than it is gone, 
and unless we have planned so that other groups shall at 
once follow, a flowerless garden is our dour portion. Even in 
the favoured climate of Great Britain it is not so simple a 
matter to keep the garden abloom for months at a time. 
In the introduction to Miss Jekyll's fine book on garden 
colour she says: "I believe the only way it can be done is to 
devote certain borders to certain times of year; each border 
or garden region to be bright for from one to three months." 

The reasonableness of this method is of course obvious, yet 
it seems to me fitted for adoption only in very large places, 
where a "spring walk" or a "June border" might be 
contrived in some portion of the grounds that need be 
visited only at the season of its festival. In a large majority 
of American gardens there is not space to give up any one 
part to a single season; that is, without seriously lessening 
the fine effect of the garden as a whole. When the owner is 
regularly away from his garden during a certain portion of 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

the season it is, of course, sensible to make use of plants 
that bloom during the period when he is at home to enjoy 
them. It would be short-sighted to give space to spring 
and autumn flowers if the owner occupies his country home 
only during the summer months, or to plant summer 
flowers when the family is at home only during the spring 
and autumn. But for the average American gardener who 
aims to enjoy his garden for six months of the year, or more, 
the only feasible practice, it seems to me, is to arrange a 
series of pictures to follow each other closely, the number 
of these pictures in bloom at one time to be governed by the 
size of the garden. 

My personal endeavour is so to choose and combine my 
plants that at no time from early March to November shall 
the garden be without a number of lovely pictures, each com- 
plete in itself, and that such sections of the borders as are 
temporarily out of bloom shall be so constructed that their 
fullness and freshness shall be maintained by luxuriant and 
beautiful foliage. 

Often a single section of border may be brought to 
display three or four pictures, but of course to accomplish 
this end one must needs have a fairly exact knowledge of 
the appearance, habits, and possibilities of a good many 
plants. It is my hope that the explanations accompanying 
the pictures may serve to illustrate my own simple method 
of procedure and also to show of what easily grown and 
familiar flowers very lovely pictures may be created. 

The "one-colour" gardens that are at present enjoying 
a good deal of favour seem to me satisfactory mainly as 
achievements. They are apt to be monotonous in effect, 

6 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

are seldom truly harmonious, and fail to give the pleas- 
ure generally derived from gardens where all colours 
are blended and contrasted finely and where no lovely 
flower is shut out because it fails to offer a blue or a 
pink variety. 

It is true that in the natural progress of the seasons we 
have certain colours predominating at certain periods. The 
earliest colour scheme of the garden, as of the world beyond 
its walls, is yellow and white; this is followed by the rose 
colour of late spring and early summer when fruit blossoms 
and then Roses adorn the world. Next come the blue and 
yellow of midsummer which deepen to scarlet, gold, and 
purple as autumn lavishly spreads the colours. This 
natural scheme of colour we may modify or accentuate as 
much as we like, but to choose it as a sort of underlying 
theme much simplifies our work, since there are always 
plenty of good and willing flowers decked in the prevailing 
colours of the season. 

No occupation known to me is so absorbing as the 
distributing and arranging of flowers in the garden with 
a view to creating beautiful pictures, but each gardener 
will have his own way of going about it. The enjoyment of 
colour is, in the garden as elsewhere, entirely a matter of 
individual feeling and, whatever the result, it is mete that 
every garden should be a personal manifestation. Whether 
our desire be toward a whole garden full of vibrant, stirring 
hues, or whether we turn from all save wistful violets and 
tender blues, is not nearly so important as that each of us 
should feel free to express himself — his most extravagant, 
whimsical, ardent, honest self; to work out his own theories 

7 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

and bring his bit of earth to what seems to him its finest 
and fittest expression. 

In the following pages my desire is simply to be sugges- 
tive, and perhaps to show that even in little gardens, by this 
simple method of picture making, beauty may be enjoyed 
continuously throughout the season. From the time when 
a sheaf of golden Willow stems, thrust through crowding 
Snowdrops, portrays for us the first sweet consciousness of 
the awakening world, to the last days of the garden's life 
when, from a sunny crevice in the garden wall, a flashing 
Snapdragon defies the silver sword and stirs us by its pas- 
sionate protest there need be no dirth of colour. 

A garden writer has recently advanced the theory "that 
nearly all colours go well together in a garden if only they 
are thoroughly mixed up." This, of course, is true in that 
we are conscious of no particularly resounding discords, but 
I think* we desire, and may easily have, more than this neg- 
ative satisfaction, more than the mere absence of inharmony. 

My own feeling in the matter of flower colours is that none 
is bad if given a happy association, and that few associations 
are unpleasing if the elements are used in happy proportion. 
A single scarlet Poppy will kindle into life a whole sea of 
dim blue Campanulas, whereas an equal mass of scarlet 
would so outshine the fainter hue as to make it appear poor 
and dull. Again, white used in broad masses has dignity 
and a serene beauty, but spotted all about the garden is 
simply a stirrer-up of factions, setting the flowers against 
one another instead of drawing them into happy relation- 
ships. The strong red, blue, and yellow of the spectrum are 
the colours most diflTicuIt to manage in the garden. These 



SPRING CANDLELIGHT 

MARCH 28th 



n~^HIS venturesome little climber so bravely 
J flowering in the teeth of March gales is 
the Naked Jasmine {Jasminum nudiflorum). 
Too venturesome has it been this year, how- 
ever, for when a few melting days triumphed 
over the ice and snow of February the ready 
Jasmine opened wide many of its buds in grate- 
ful acknowledgment of the genial warmth, thus 
dimming the brightness of the present display. 

Below in the border are purple Crocuses and 
Arabis, where yesterday gleamed Snowdrops and 
Winter Aconites. 

Very soon the crimson points of Tulips will 
be seen forcing their way up behind the fresh 
green of a clump of Iris. In the angle of the 
wall is a Persian Lilac bush with which the 
bright yellow Tulip Mrs. Moon and the soft 
buff Intermediate Iris Halfdan create a pleasant 
group in mid-May. 

In late June a few scarlet Lilies {Lilium 
elegans) appear here; and in early autumn the 
long branches of sky-blue Salvia uliginosa and 
pure yellow Helenium autumnale, that are 
planted behind the Irises, against the wall, again 
bring this southeast corner to our notice. 




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i. 




COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

colours are typified in scarlet Lychnis, Coreopsis, and Del- 
phinium King. When these plants are placed side by side 
there is no hint of harmonious mingling. Each stands too 
clearly defined. They create the sharpest contrasts possible 
and to me are not pleasant in association. 

The Japanese are very daring in their use of flower colours 
but there will always be a mediating tone used with the strong 
ones. Miss Averill* gives us an example of flaming Maple 
branches and yellow Chrysanthemums "subdued and brought 
together by the use of autumn grasses that have turned to 
soft browns and yellow." Without the harmonizing grasses 
the association of scarlet and yellow would be garish to a 
degree. The strongest colours may be grouped together to 
produce great richness of effect if there be some intermediate 
tone or tones to draw them into agreement. 

Frequently different tints and shades of the same colour 
are delightful in association. The picture facing page 202 
shows an ascending scale of pink beginning with the soft 
pink of Phlox Selma, deepening in the Roses, and reaching 
a good deal of depth in the Hollyhocks. Tones of yellow, 
from cream to orange, are effective when brought together, 
and a touch of scarlet added to such a group gives great 
brilliance but entire harmony. 

I have recently heard it advocated as a short cut to 
harmony that all red and scarlet flowers be banished from 
the garden. This, I think, would be sad indeed, for much 
of warmth and strength, of flash and spirit would depart 
with them, and our garden would be in grave danger of 
showing a wearisome suavity. But our effort must be to 

'"Japanese Flower Art." 

13 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

keep these stirring hues from overpowering the weak and 
from flaunting too obtrusively in certain places. 

In Nature, broadly speaking, we find that red and scarlet 
and yellow are rare, given to us as stimulants, as vivid 
experiences. They are confined to sunset and sunrise skies, 
to autumn foliage and to flowers; while the "restful and 
reparative colours" — blue, green, and violet, as revealed in 
the sky, the sea, the distance, and the great green setting of 
grass and trees — make up the beautiful commonplace of our 
daily seeing. Surely there is a lesson here. The constant 
perception of broad masses of emphatic, exciting colour 
would prove severely taxing, yet do we most surely need 
them here and there to bring out the quality of neutral 
colour, and to arouse the immobile beauty of the garden to 
glowing life. 

Yellow, orange, and scarlet flowers show to greatest ad- 
vantage in full sunshine. In shadow they seem to lose 
much of their flash and vigour; while the reverse is true of 
lavender, violet, and blue flowers. These in shadow assume a 
piercing distinctness, whfle in sunshine much of their colour 
seems to be scattered among the sunbeams and their outlines 
blurred. One of the most striking flower colours for shaded 
places is that worn by the " old purple " Phlox — a rather weak 
magenta. I have seen great masses of this despised flower 
growing along the shady roadside in the neighbourhood of 
some old garden, the mellow soil of which it has shaken 
from its straying roots, that glowed and shone with a soft 
radiance almost startling to behold. White flowers are al- 
ways more pure and beautiful in shadow, and it is one of 
Nature's beneficent dispositions that there should be many 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

white, lavender, violet, and blue flowers that flourish in 
shaded places. 

Deep purple and dusky violet-blue flowers are of significant 
value to the creator of garden pictures. Their character 
is almost that of shadow, and shadow is as important in the 
garden as upon the canvas or the fagade to define the 
quality of light and to give variety and interest to the 
composition. All dark-coloured flowers have something of 
this value, as have dark-leaved shrubs and evergreens and 
may well be considered with trees and architectural features 
in the distribution of light and shade in the garden picture. 

Someone has said that gardening is an art of observation 
and though it be true that 

"Nature hath meal and bran, contempt and grace," 

no stretch of roadside or meadow, wild hedgerow or 
breadth of marsh but has some lesson to convey to us of 
beauty or usefulness. One of these that we in our anxiety 
for a frost-to-frost display of colour are apt to overlook is 
the boon of simple green— the intrinsic beauty and value of 
foliage. The arrangement of our gardens so that there will 
always be a sufficient amount of luxuriant foliage as a set- 
ting and foil for the many-hued flowers is most important yet 
seldom considered. Fine foliage gives to the garden an 
expression of freshness and vigour and against it the blossom- 
ing groups stand out with power and distinction. 

It is said that green is the last colour to be appreciated 
even by the most aesthetic, and it is significant that the 
Japanese, who are more sensitive to colour than any other 
people and unequalled in their flower art, plant whole green 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

gardens wherein few flowers unfold to stir the cool tran- 
quillity. In crowding our colour groups one against the 
other we do not give ourselves opportunity to appreciate the 
full beauty of any. "Be less lavish" is often good advice to 
the gardener. 

Some years ago Sir Edwin Arnold, in comparing the flower 
art of the West and of the East, wrote: "We crowd our 
blooms and sprays together until they are like the faces of 
people in the pit of a theatre — each lost in the press; a 
mass, a medley, a tumultuary throng. The Japanese treat 
each gracious beauty or splendour of the garden or the pool 
as an individual to be honoured, studied, and separately 
enjoyed. Each suggests and shall provide for his eyes a 
special luxury of line, sufTicing even with one branch, one 
colour, one species, to glorify his apartment and make the 
heart glad with the wonder and the grace of nature." 



16 



CHAPTER II 
THE PROBLEM OF THE BARE PLAGES 



CHAPTER II 
THE PROBLEM OF THE BARE PLACES 

A gardener is a master of what a French writer calls the charming art of 
touching up the truth. —John Sedding. 

THE usual garden border is very unequal in its dis- 
play. There is its budding loveliness in spring, its 
satisfying June opulence, a sad falling off in July, 
partial recovery by means of the reliable Phloxes in August, 
and much general dishevelment in September. This in- 
equality is not caused so much by the failure of flowers as 
by the failure of foliage. Wherever the foliage is fresh and 
luxuriant, there the border appears full and well furnished 
and conveys to the mind a gratifying impression of prom- 
ise, though there may be no flowers actually in bloom. 
It is usual, however, after the all-pervading richness of 
June is past, to find great blank spaces in the borders 
where spring bulbs, biennials. Lilies, and even some 
perennials have accomplished their allotted task and taken 
themselves off; or where plantations of Delphiniums and 
Hollyhocks, large because we so delight in them, have 
flowered and been cut to the ground, leaving sorry patches of 
torn and untidy foliage and yellowing stalks. Many peren- 
nials that are very charming while in flower lose all pride 

19 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

in their appearance as soon as flowering is accomplished. 
They go to seed most untidily, quite lose their figures, and 
make no effort at all to grow old with dignity and grace, so 
that theirs is another case to be looked to in achieving our 
ideal of a garden border fine and full and freshly luxuriant 
throughout the season. 

These bare and unkempt places are very distressing and 
mar the fine effect of the plants still in the prime of their 
blossoming. To prevent their occurrence is the most em- 
barrassing problem with which the gardener is confronted. 
Each of us, however, who goes daily about his beds and 
borders, bestowing upon his flower tenantry the sort of 
loving inspection that enables him to foresee and understand 
their shortcomings, weaknesses, and defections, cannot fail to 
find out for himself many ways of meeting and solving this 
problem. My own little artifices are very simple and obvious 
but withal effective and may help some beginning gardener 
past those disheartening stages when the blank spaces seem 
so much more numerous than the full and luxuriant ones. 

To attack these difficulties in the order of their occurrence 
we have first, the desertion of spring bulbs after they have 
flowered. Ordinarily we plant these in irregular groups 
near the front of the borders. If, in our enthusiasm, we 
want the joy of a dozen or so Daffodils in one assemblage 
or a broad space showing the incomparable colour of the 
little Grape Hyacinth, so well named Heavenly Blue, we 
must prepare ourselves for a subsequent bareness of the 
same dimensions, as grievously aflOiicting to our gardening 
souls as the earlier flowering was sweet. But all bulbs 
submit cheerfully to a ground cover of some lightly rooting 

20 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

trailer or tufted plant; many, indeed, the little ones like 
Snowdrops and Scillas especially, are benefited and pro- 
tected by such a provision, for it keeps the delicate blossoms 
from being spoiled by spattering mud. Planted in the 
grass they are naturally shielded, but in the borders few 
of these small things complete their brief span of existence 
in unsullied beauty. 

To plant above small bulbs, I have found very comfort- 
ing and becoming the Woolly-leaved Thyme (Thymus lanugi- 
nosus), with a soft gray surface that makes a delightful set- 
ting, and Veronica repens with very small leaves and pale 
lavender flowers. These two are the most satisfactory, but 
good also are Sedum album, Gypsophila repens, Mentha 
Requieni for moist shade, Lotus corniculatus, Herniaria 
glabra and Kennelworth Ivy (Linaria Cymbalaria). 

For large bulbs (Daffodils, Tulips, and Crown Imperials) 
there are the Aubrietias, Arabis, Gypsophila repens, Creeping 
Phloxes, Arenaria montana, Stachys lanata, Veronica pros- 
trata, Saponaria ocymoides, Cerastium, all of more or less 
creeping habit; or we may plant the bulbs closely among tufts 
of Myosotis, Thrift, Corydalis, Tunica Saxifraga, Primroses, 
Nepeta Mussini, Silenes, Llardy Candytuft, Viola cornuta, 
Pinks of all kinds, Heucheras, and dwarf Campanulas. 
These all maintain a steady show of good foliage throughout 
the summer, and contribute much to the thrifty and well- 
furnished appearance of the border verges. Some bloom 
with the bulbs, others flower later, giving us two displays 
of colour upon the same spot. 

Many of the most decorative plants at our disposal are 
biennial in habit, that is, they grow from seed one year, 

21 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

flower and die the next. Of these the most important are 
Foxgloves, Canterbury Bells, Anchusas, Clary, Honesty, 
Mulleins, Chunney Bellflowers, and some Evening Primroses. 
All these we desire to plant with a lavish hand, but we are 
again faced by the problem of what to do with the broad 
spaces they leave bereft when their day is past. 

I plant biennials in two ways. Perhaps the more satisfac- 
tory is in long narrow drifts, running between groups of plants 
of permanently fine foliage or later flowering, so that when 
the Foxgloves or Canterbury Bells are past, the broadening 
out of the plants behind and before them wiU fill the space and 
we are not aware of our loss. 

This, too, in the main, is the way in which we meet the 
defection of Delphiniums, Hollyhocks, Globe Thistles, and 
others that grow up tall and beautiful but must be igno- 
miniously cut to the ground after flowering. 

Some plants of fine and lasting foliage that may be used 
in screening biennials and others of the disappearing habit 
are: 

Baptisia australis Ruta graveolens 

Baptisia tinctoria Elymus arenarius 

Lythrum Salicaria Funkia subcordata 

Galega officinalis Funkia Fortunei 

Michaelmas Daisies Achillea filipendulina 

Flag Irises in variety Hemerocallis in variety 

Artemisia abrotanum Thalictrum in variety 

Helenium autumnale Phlox paniculata 

Helianthus multiflorus fl. pi. Eupatorium coelestinum 

Dictamnus albus Cimicifuga simplex 

Another way is to set them in broad groups and interplanf 
with plants of spreading habit and long flowering. Many 

22 



CHARMING OFFERING OF THE SPRING 

APRIL 28TH 



'T^HIS flowery little tree is Pyrus pulcherrima 
± Scheideckeri, a near relation of the more 
brilliant Pyrus (or Malus) floribunda. On 
account of its sheltered situation near the warm 
south wall of the garden it is blossoming a little 
earlier than is its usual habit. The erect gray 
foliage in front of it belongs to Iris Queen of 
May, which is shown in bloom a month later in 
Plate No 7 (May 21st). 

On the other side of the tree and beyond the 
vision of the artist mats of lavender Aubrietia 
and gatherings of pale Star Narcissus ornament 
the path in lovely harmony with the delicate 
colouring of the Crabapple blossoms. 

For later flower groups vouchsafed by this 
same bit of earth, see Plates Nos. 7 and 13 
{May 21st and July 1st). 




PLATE NO. } 

SEE PLATES NOS. 7 AND 13 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

annuals are good for this purpose — Cornflowers, Sweet 
Sultans, Snapdragons, Zinnias, Marigolds, Anchusa, Mar- 
vel of Peru, and such perennials as Gypsophila, Sea Laven- 
der, Michaelmas Daisies of the ericoides section, Linaria 
dalmatica, Anthemis, and others of a like habit of growth. 

Oriental Poppies leave terrible blanks in the wake of their 
brief brilliance, but we meet the difficulty by planting 
Gypsophila between the Poppies and Michaelmas Daisies 
behind, and the wandlike branches of the latter may be 
drawn down to flower when the other two are passed. It is 
astonishing how close together plants will grow and not 
suffer any appreciable inconvenience. An examination of 
the several paintings that were made in exactly the same 
spot a month apart will show how completely a section of 
the garden is rehabilitated in a short period, and one 
wonders what has become of the plants that seemed to 
fill the entire space a few weeks before. Late-flowering 
plants with long, wandlike branches may be planted at the 
back of the border and drawn over and through the plants 
of earlier flowering as their beauty fades. Some of these are : 

Boltonias Vernonia arkansana 

Michaelmas Daisies Aconitum Wilsoni 

Heleniums Eupatorium ageratoides 

Salvia azurea Campanula pyramidalis 

Salvia uliginosa Heiianthus 

All Lilies have the disconcerting habit of taking them- 
selves off after flowering. Interplanting is the best course 
to be pursued with them, and as their own foliage is scanty 
and they enjoy the slight protection of cover plants, a 
double purpose is happily served. 

27 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 
A few good arrangements for Lilies are the following: 

Lilium candidum with Papaver rupifragum * 

Lilium croceum " Linum perenne album 

Lilium elegans " Heuchera sanguinea alba 

Lilium tigrinum " Aconitum Napellus 

Lilium Hansoni " self-sown Cornflowers 

Lilium speciosum " Statice latifolia 

Lilium Browni " Linum perenne 

Lilium canadense " Gypsophila paniculata 

Lilium Henryi " Corydalis cheilanthifolia 

Of course thoughtful staking has much to do with the 
well-furnished appearance of the borders. No plant should 
have its slender branches gathered into a stiff bunch and 
tied tightly to a stake. A flower stem should never be 
fastened more than half way up its length. In this way the 
natural curve of the stem will not be diverted. 

In staking plants of many slender stems, several thin 
pieces of raffia should fasten them lightly to a strong central 
stake, allowing the whole plant to assume its natural di- 
rection. For plants of the type of Michaelmas Daisy, 
spreading pea brush provides the best means for staking as 
the stems may be spread out naturally over the stiff branches 
and fastened wherever it is desirable that they should remain. 

It is the proper custom in well-ordered gardens to keep 
them pretty well cleaned up, not only of weeds but of the 
gypsy seedlings of authorized dwellers as well. This, of 
course, in the main, is as it should be. Phlox seedlings and 
many others become a pest, for they firmly resist eradication 
and are nearly always inferior to the parent; many Cam- 

* The surest way to get this little Poppy established is to sow the seeds among the Lily 
tufts early in the spring, letting them come up in patches at will. This is the best course 
to follow with the Flax also. 

28 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

panulas may not be allowed their own way, nor Dame's 
Rocket for all its sweetness. Hollyhocks are too large to 
admit of their taking up quarters anywhere the notion 
strikes them, but Mulleins, for all their great stature, I 
have seen tucked into a cranny of an old wall, rearing 
their gilded stalks against the sky with incomparable 
effect. In England I saw a broad, high flight of stone steps 
that led up to the entrance of a fine old Tudor mansion 
literally spouting Chimney Bellflowers, five feet tall, from 
the joints along the sides. Doubtless the seedlings that had 
started life in the central portion of the flight had been 
pulled out that the chief end of steps be not entirely dis- 
regarded, but certainly the gardener who left the rest to 
raise and flourish their blue and white banners against the 
gray old building was gifted with imagination and foresight. 
Of course wise selection must be practised among the 
many seedlings of the garden's largess; none should be 
allowed in the middle of the paths or where they would 
overpower lesser subjects, but I am very sure that in our 
passion for tidying up we deprive ourselves of many a 
charming picture. My own garden, built on several levels, ^ 
is rich in low retaining walls, dry buflt, and low flights of 
stone steps, the joints of which are filled with inviting 
sandy loam in the hope of attracting some little green 
home-seeker. Of course, many times I must evict the 
would-be tenant. Dandelions are always very pressing, 
and Hollyhocks can squeeze themselves into the tightest 
quarters, but it is surprising how often the right ones come 
to fill me with delight at their bright unexpectedness and 
entire fitness for the position. One flight of steps is almost 

29 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

covered by mats of Cerastium, that, beginning a frail 
thread of Ufe in the top joint, has gradually felt its way, 
tumbling over the treads and running its little green fingers 
along the transverse joints and on, until the hard lines of 
the steps are quite lost beneath the soft gray covering that 
does not suffer in the least from being walked upon. One 
would think that the Cerastium would be about all the 
soil in the narrow joints could sustain, but more than one 
lusty Columbine breaks through the thick mats, and here 
and there, on the shaded side, are little irrepressible bursts 
of Yellow Fumatory (Corydalis lutea) wresting a com- 
fortable living from the most barren-appearing crannies. 

In our country, where time is slow to bestow its softening 
touch of moss and lichen, stonework in the garden is apt 
to have an alien, unconnected look. But by encouraging 
suitable plant life in the chinks and joints and, where it is 
possible, building the walls and steps and pavements with this 
end in view, a more harmonious ensemble is created of the 
widely differing elements that go to make up the garden. 

Tiny Ferns will grow in shaded places in chinks and 
crevices, and Arenaria balearica from a comfortably cool 
cranny will creep mosslike over the surface of stones, and 
few plants are prettier for such positions than the fluffy 
Yellow Fumatory. For sunny places, besides the many 
garden plants that will of their own volition seek out these 
narrow quarters, are numerous small things just suited for 
the purpose. Some that I have established are Campanula 
pusilla, some Acaenas, Viola graciUs, Sedum album, Sedum 
acre, Cerastiums, Veronica prostrata and V. repens, Armeria 
juncea. Thymus lanuginosus. Campanula rotundifolia, Sem- 

30 



DOWN THE PATH OF SPRING 

MAY 1ST 



n~^HIS gay little tree is a Japanese Cherry 
J named Mt. Fuji, which at the time of its 
flowering dominates the garden as does its great 
namesake the blossomy island of Japan. In its 
shadow bloom Aubrietia, Golden Alyssum, Iris 
pumila caerulea, and the pretty pale Star Daf- 
fodil Minnie Hume. 

Later in the summer the tall stalks and 
feathery flower spikes of the Japanese Snake- 
root {Cimicifuga japonica) reach up among the 
low branches of the tree, and on still further into 
the fall frail Japanese Anemones flower here. 

In the border at the left, which is the same as 
that shown in Plate No. 10 {June 10th), we see 
Golden Alyssum, Hardy Candytuft, Anchusa 
myosotidiflora, and the bright orange-scarlet Tu- 
lip Thomas Moore. The little pink-flowered 
shrub at the end of the border is the Rosette 
Plum {Prunus triloba). 




PLATE NO. 4 

SEE PLATE NO. 10 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

pervivums, Achillea tomentosa, Tunica Saxifraga, Lych- 
nis alpina, Alpine Pinks in wide variety, Arabis, Alyssum 
montanum, Lavender, Sedum Sieboldi, Antennarias, Linum 
salsoloides, Gypsophila repens, Linaria Cymbalaria, and 
L. hepaticaefolia, Aubrietias, Aethionemas, dwarf Phloxes, 
Silene acaulis, Stachys Corsica, and Mazus rugosus. 

When my garden was first laid out the paths appeared too 
wide, but as changing them would have meant expense and 
delay they were not altered. Now, all along at the foot of the 
stone border verges are mats and tufts and trails of gray and 
green leafage — dwarf plants that have self-sown from the 
border above into the path, thriving there amazingly and 
creating the most delightful associations of colour and form, 
while they narrow my paths to more pleasing dimensions. 
These have not an untidy or haphazard appearance at all, 
but seem a quite intended and happy ordering of the garden's 
scheme, and of course we sharply check any sally designed to 
take a venturesome seedling toward the centre of the path. 

As the seasons pass these small green squatters make 
their floral offerings with the prettiest grace imagi- 
nable and put forth as great a claim to admiration as do 
any of the dwellers in more ofTicial circles. Here may be 
found fountains of sky-blue Flax and rich stores of spicy 
Pinks; trails of yellow Flax and tufts of rosy Thrift; 
spreads of silvery Cerastium, velvet Woundwort, and 
brilliant gatherings of fluttering Spanish Poppies with alert 
Johnny-jump-ups prying between. It is amazing what 
carefully nurtured plants will elect to lead a gypsy existence 
in this apparently barren no-man's-land of the garden and 
will there thrive when elsewhere in more favoured spots 

35 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

they pine. Anchusa myosotidiflora is one of these — a 
harrowing uncertainty in the prepared borders but of a most 
gratifying dependability after it took up its residence in 
the path. That favourite of my Irises, too, Iris tectorum, 
has planted a colony at the edge of the path and here faces 
every untoward climatic condition with entire serenity. 

Of course the explanation of this seeming anomaly is per- 
fectly simple. Sufficient rich earth and humus have drained 
down from the borders to nourish the plants, and while provid- 
ing perfect drainage there is always plenty of moisture to be 
found by thirsty roots among the gravel stones and sand of 
the path. It is the same principle upon which we build our 
rock gardens. Many a mountain plant finds in such a position 
the conditions of its natural habitat comfortingly reproduced, 
and any plant which fears the winter damp is far safer at the 
path edge than in the heavier soil of the borders. 

As the season advances unsuspected annuals make their 
appearance among their free-thinking sisters — California 
Poppies and scarlet field Poppies; Snapdragons and little 
clouds of Alyssum and Ageratum, Pansies, annual Anchusa, 
and this year an ingratiating outlaw Morning Glory, coming 
from no one knows where, wound its slender way upward 
into the brown meshes of spent Gypsophila causing it to 
flush warmly with the lovely alien bloom. 

These self-appointed border verges are ever a delight to 
me. They give me many a gay surprise and accomplish 
far more than I, with my heavier touch and anxious planning, 
could ever hope to toward making the garden sweet and 
approachable, full of charm and change and winsome per- 
versity, a spot where every mood meets quick response. 

36 



CHAPTER III 
THE COLOUR OF THE YOUNG YEAR 



CHAPTER III 
THE COLOUR OF THE YOUNG YEAR 

My spring appears, Oh see what here doth grow. 

— Sidney. 

EVEN a careless observer cannot but be aware that 
in the floral world certain colours predominate at 
certain seasons. In the early spring a distinct 
majority of the flowers are yellow and even the young 
leafage is instinct with yellow principle. Thoreau says 
that "the spring yellows are faint, cool, innocent as the 
saffron morning as compared with the blaze of noon," and 
most of these spring yellows have an ascid cast like the 
colour of the Winter Aconite, though there is no hint of 
this sharpness in the radiant, light-suggesting petals of 
Daffodils. These radiant and ascid yellows are in wonder- 
ful harmony with the pale young leafage, while the delicately 
enveloping spring light seems to draw them all into a soft 
illumination to honour the season of renewals and fresh hope. 
Several trees and shrubs give their flowers before winter 
has quite gone from the world. Folk so fortunate as to be 
in the country in very early spring know the shapely Spice 
Bush (Benzoin aestivale), and welcome it as a friend. 
Harriet Keeler writes that it "begins and ends its sylvan 
year in yellow." The little greenish-yellow flowers, so 

39 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

typical of the underlying spring colour tone, are "borne in 
umbel-like clusters in the axils of last year's leaves." It 
is graceful in form and even its slender branches embody a 
pleasant colour scheme — " at first, bright green, smooth ; later, 
olive green, sometimes pearly gray; finally grayish-brown." 
The whole plant is deliciously aromatic, and what a boon is the 
rich spicy scent at this season of delicate manifestations! 

Earlier even than the Spice Bush comes the blossoming 
of certain of the Witch Hazels. As the wistful flowering of 
our native Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginica) is our fare- 
well to flowers, so the Japanese and Chinese species are our 
welcome to the new order, often before the snows are gone. 
Hamamelis japonica forms "a large bush twelve to fifteen 
feet high, with many stiff, ascending branches and twiggy 
shoots and smooth leaves like those of the native H. vir- 
ginica. The star-shaped flowers, each with five long, strap- 
like, canary-yellow petals, surrounded by a calyx wine 
coloured on the outside, are fragrant and thickly stud the 
shoots and branches." H. arborea is another good Japanese 
sort and Mr. E. H. Wilson, whose article in the Garden 
Magazine for February, 1916, is quoted above, says that 
H. mollis, a Chinese species with larger flowers, is the 
finest of the genus. 

Surely these shrubs that flower during the bereft season 
of winter should be given a place where those who spend 
the winter in the country may enjoy them, even though 
they must forego a few treasures of the opulent later year. 
Ever eagerly greeted is the Pussy Willow with its gay yel- 
low-tipped stamens, that, hawked about the city streets, 
causes many a pang to homesick country hearts. 

40 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

In the garden the naked Jasmine (Jasminum nudiflorum) 
contributes a rich star harvest to this earUest festival of the 
year. Sometimes a warm spell in January will spoil the 
display, but ordinarily we may expect some time during the 
strident month of March a dainty picture in a sheltered 
corner of the garden; a shower of Jasmine stars upon the 
garden wall, the ground carpeted with Winter Aconites 
(Eranthis hy emails). Snowdrops, and early Crocuses, and near 
by the quaint flowering of the Spice Bush. How intensely 
welcome are these flowers that come to us when there are 
so few signs that winter has relaxed his clutch and when our 
snow-bound imaginations are so eagerly seeking a sign. 

The Jasmine needs to be persuaded to the wall top by some 
such decided hint as chicken wire spread upon the wall face. 
Its preference is to scramble about over rough ground or 
rocks — and very charming it is following its own whim — but 
it also makes a handsome wall covering and its dark green 
leafage is a fine background for gay flowers. Its wayward- 
ness may be brought to serve a more conventional purpose 
also if the long branches are kept cut back, thus forming a 
little shrub, very useful for underplanting shrubs of greater 
stature or tucked about where our flower- hungry eyes may 
catch its yellow glint at the earliest possible moment. 

Both Snowdrop and Winter Aconite enjoy the light 
shade of spreading Spice Bush and overhanging Jasmine 
and spread and flower freely. The Winter Aconite is a 
modest, old-fashioned flower, which, in the extravagance of 
the later year, might pass unnoticed but at this season of 
our eagerness seems a rare and precious blossom. It grows 
from four to six inches in height, and carries its greenish- 

41 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

yellow cup above a widely spreading whorl of shining, 
deeply cut leaves. It is one of the plants good to naturalize 
upon grassy banks and beneath lightly shadowing trees 
where the roots will not be disturbed by the continuous 
digging and cultivating that must needs be carried on in 
the borders. Old books call it the Winter's Wolfsbane and 
like other members of its family group — the Ranunculaceae 
— it is poisonous, though not so deadly as the beautiful 
Monkshood of the midsummer garden. 

Still another member of this family that wears its yellow 
garb jauntily is the Spring Adonis (Adonis vernalis), that bears 
large yellow flowers — a little sharp in colour but quite in 
harmony with the scheme of the season— upon stems a foot 
tall above the whorls of anemone-like leaves. And before 
March is very far under way comes the first Crocus. 

A little candlelight at a gray wall, 
One dauntless moment snatched from the March brawl 
And, like the candlelight, to be forgot. 

This, in my garden, is Crocus Imperati but it is closely fol- 
lowed by C. biflorus (the little Scotch Crocus sometimes called 
Cloth of Silver), C. vernus, and the splashes of molten 
gold — the hottest colour in the whole spring garden — that 
proclaim the Cloth-of-Gold Crocus (C. susianus), and then 
the great vase-shaped Dutch Crocuses. The earliest Cro- 
cuses we tuck in about the feet of the hardy little Mezereum 
that sometimes gives a hurried flowering in February, that 
they may not be alone and may form a little spring picture. 
Daphne Mezereum is a curious lilac-pink in colour and there 
is a sort whose blossoms are white. I am very fond of the 

42 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

strong purple Dutch Crocuses. Thickly planted about the 
scarlet Japanese Quince they create a gorgeous breadth in 
the pale spring garden. 

By now there are many shrubs come to flowering that 
we should be taking advantage of in creating charming 
pictures. There is the snow-white Magnolia stellata so 
pretty with a ground cover of the common Grape Hyacinth, 
Muscari botryoides. There are long lines of radiant For- 
sythias which droop their laden branches upon a floor 
jeweUed with sky-blue Chionodoxa and yellow and white 
Crocus; there is the Twin-flowered Honeysuckle scenting 
all the world, and the fluffy little Spiraea Thunbergi with 
bold clumps of gorgeous Crown Imperials standing out 
against its soft white skirts. The shrubbery border is a 
haven for spring bulbs. Here they may ripen their foliage 
and increase their kind without the constant prying and 
digging and making over that go on in the haunts of 
perennials; and here we may have picture after picture, 
from the first flowering of Jasmine and Snowdrop until the 
last heavy-headed Darwin Tulips group about the creamy 
Mock Orange bushes; and again in autumn, when the autumn 
Crocuses gleam before the reddening foliage of the shrubs. 

Yellow and sky blue is ever a gay and sprightly association. 
We may have it sweetly of Primroses and Forget-me-nots 
along the edges of a damp north border. 

It is a pity we do not make more use of Primroses in our 
country. Given the proper soil conditions, and divided 
yearly, the every-day sorts are charmingly responsive. I 
mean the true English Primrose (Primula vulgaris), which 
has a number of soft-coloured varieties, the Cowslip (P. 

43 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

veris), the Oxlip (P. elatior), and the gay red and yellow 
Polyanthus, which I think is a variety of the last. All 
these are closely related but there are differences both in 
treatment and in appearance. The true Primrose is a plant 
of moist woods — a dry soil is fatal to it — and it requires 
plenty of good food. "Good loam, leafmould, and old hot- 
bed manure with a liberal proportion of sand" suits them 
well if there is also some shade. 

The Oxlip and the Cowslip are very similar; both have 
the fresh cream-and-butter colour scheme, but the Oxlip 
has a shorter stem and a broader corolla and is thus a bit 
more showy. Both belong to sunny pastures of rich, moist 
soil. They will endure partial shade; indeed such protec- 
tion is safest for them in our sunny climate. Dryness at 
the root causes them great suffering. 

"The Polyanthus of unnumbered dyes" is easier pleased 
and increases and thrives in any position where the soil is 
deep and rich. These make a charming spring border edge 
planted among Forget-me-nots. 

A sweep of streamside or pond shore may be made the 
scene of a most lovely spring picture. On the opposite 
bank to that upon which we are accustomed to walk we 
may plant groups of such shrubs as have highly coloured 
bark: Cornus alba with scarlet stems; C. stolonifera with 
purplish twigs; and for rich orange C. stolonifera, var. 
flaviramea, and the beautiful Golden Willow (Salix vitellina 
aurea). Thickly planted between and beneath may be 
Primroses and all sorts of white and checkered Fritillaries, 
Adder's Tongues, Crowfoot Violets, and Poet's Daffodils. 
If not allowed to be overpowered by coarse-growing meadow 

44 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

weeds these plants and bulbs will spread into great jewel- 
like patches, and if the bank is so situated that the sun 
shines through the gay twigs and stems upon the gayer 
flowers casting their reflections upon the water, we shall 
have a spring picture rare even at this season when all is 
glorified. 

As the spring advances yellow flowers become even 
more numerous. Tulips have sprung into being; Corydalis 
lutea from chinks in the wall and C. cheilanthifolia from 
the edge of a shady border send up spikes of yellow flowers 
amidst waving, fernlike foliage. Groups of tall Doronicums 
open their round yellow blooms among clumps of early 
purple Iris; yellow Alyssum edges a long border with the 
sky-blue Anchusa myosotidiflora and hardy white Candy- 
tuft. 

Often the common Golden Alyssum is a bit too prominent in 
the spring garden. It seeds itself so generously that there 
is usually a good deal of it and it wears a most aggressive 
hue, too raw and harsh. Kept in the soothing neighbour- 
hood of light blue or lavender flowers or freely mingled with 
white, it is amiable enough but it is out of harmony with 
the rosy blossoming boughs of its season, and here, where 
it wrapt the scarlet skirts of the Japanese Quince with a 
fiercely yellow scarf, it was like a strident voice transcend- 
ing the delicate harmonies of the spring world. It is too 
bright and useful to be eliminated entirely, but it should be 
carefully placed and restricted, and more use might well be 
made of the pale variety called sulphureum which is of a 
delicate sulphur colour and quite lacks the harshness in- 
herent in the type. This plant is in most happy accord 

45 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

with all its contemporaries, especially with the bright 
purple and lavender Phloxes and Aubrietias. Alyssum 
Silver Queen is said to wear the same soft colour, and seed 
of this kind is to be had in this country, but, while I have a 
sturdy colony of seedlings in the nursery, I have not yet 
seen it in flower. 

The little Hedge Mustard or Fairy Wallflower (Erysimum 
rupestre, syn. pulchellum) provides us with more yellow 
treasure for this season. It, too, is a trifle ascid in its colour, 
but it is so small and pretty and has so wild and sweet a 
fragrance that we would not be without it, and are pleased 
indeed when it takes possession of a vacant cranny in the 
steps or walls and spreads its fine dark mat of foliage. It 
enjoys a stone or two to trail over but it will thrive willingly 
in the ordinary sunny border if the soil is not too heavy. It 
is a nice companion for the silvery lavender Phlox called 
G. F. Wilson, or if thickly set about with the bulbs of Grape 
Hyacinth it creates as pretty an edging as one would wish 
to see. 

This spring there is a delightful bit of blue and gold 
planting in my garden — a blue and gold carpet that spreads 
back beneath the Lilac bushes in the angle of the high wall, 
woven of the Grape Hyacinth called Heavenly Blue and 
the little wild yellow Tulip, T. sylvestris, so full of grace 
and gracious sweetness. The small bulbs are closely 
planted, but here and there among them are set tufts of the 
baby Meadow Rue (Thalictrum minor) that grows only six 
inches tall, and spreads about its delicate greenery after 
the spring blossoms are past. In another angle of the garden 
a pretty composition in yellow and lavender bespeaks 



A BIT OF BIZARRERIE 

MAY I4TH 



^T^HIS gay detail is part of a procession of 
J_ Wistarias and scarlet and white Tulips 
that follows the broad transverse path in front of 
the Garden House. The Tulips are the Cottage 
variety White Swan and the sweet-scented, glow- 
ing T. Gesneriana spathulata major. 

Earlier in the year Crocuses in purple and 
lavender tones outlined the border edges. The 
Tulips and Crocuses are planted between tufts 
of Heuchera in coral and pcde pink and thrifty 
plants of the Carpathian Hairbell {Campanula 
carpatica). These keep the border edge gay 
until frost. 

Behind these are German Irises aurea and 
Celeste, for J.une flowering; Delphiniums for 
early July; and for the late summer and early 
autumn a striking planting of the brilliant Phlox 
Coquelicot and Campanula lactiflora E. Moli- 
neaux, with its wedge-shaped heads of lovely 
blue-lavender bells. 




PLATE NO. 5 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

admiration. Here a well-shaped bush of old-fashioned 
yellow-flowering Currant stands like a great fragrant 
bouquet above a close ground cover of Canadian Phlox 
(Phlox divaricata). 

But all this is but by way of preamble. The sweetest 
and fairest of spring's yellow blossoms has been for many 
weeks sending up its slender water-green spears and opening 
a radiant blossom here and there — "a sudden flame of 
gold and sweet" — until they are assembled army strong and 
one seems to hear the challenge : 

King Trumpeter to Flora Queen, 

Hey, ho, daffodil! 

Blow, and the golden jousts begin! 

Begin indeed with such a burst of fluttering, soft-coloured 
confusion as never was and never will be until Daffodil 
time is again upon the land. 

There they go streaming the length of one border — pale, 
starlike hosts with a ribbon of purple Aubrietia wound 
among them; there they stand, long golden trumpets, in a 
flutter above a cloud of silver-lilac Phlox, and again how 
they pick their way among the fallen Cherry blossoms. 

Why plan colour harmonies for those to whom inharmony 
is impossible — why even choose varieties when every 
separate flower is a spring poem? May we not just go 
"dancing with the Daffodils" where ignorance is bliss? 
But the wise ones tell us that if we have not knowledge of 
how to choose our partners the dance may prove a dirge. 
All Daffodils do not thrive equally well in all gardens nor in 
all situations. The white trumpets (like N. albicans) ask 

51 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

for shade; the poeticus group enjoys a heavier soil and are 
happiest with some moisture; the dwarfs, like N. nanus 
and the Hoop Petticoats, should have the sharp drainage 
and sandy loam of the rock garden. But while these 
rules generally hold, it is best to experiment a little to 
find out which Daffodils our garden will entertain most 
successfully. 

For naturalizing along the banks of streams none is 
better than the various forms of Narcissus poeticus. The 
old Pheasant's Eye is so inexpensive that it may be put in 
by the thousand and looks lovely gleaming among the 
young fern fronds in the short grass. The variety ornatus is 
also very inexpensive and blooms quite a little earlier than 
the Pheasant's Eye. 

Daffodils belong to the radiant yellows and run the 
gamut from the pale, creamy N. albicans to the pure sunshine 
of such as Golden Spur. Their personal colour scheme is of 
a loveliness to be noted quite apart from their possibilities in 
combination with other flowers. More than any other flower 
they express supreme and exquisite freshness. The leaves 
are of that cool blue-green shade strongly suggestive of 
water, and the flowers themselves, radiant, crisp, vital as 
are no other blossoms of the year, seem their perfect ac- 
companiment. 

Daffodils are in bloom with many flowering trees and 
shrubs and more use should be made of these in association. 
Narcissus Golden Spur and N. obvallaris come early enough 
to bloom in the wraith shadow of the Shad Bush, or in the 
rosy glow of the Double-flowered Peach-trees. In my gar- 
den is a gay picture where a Peach-tree spreads its pink- 

52 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

clothed branches against the garden wall; beneath it are 
mats of silver-gray Phlox subulata G. F. Wilson and groups 
of yellow Daffodils. 

I have found the various Star Daffodils the best for 
naturalizing in grass. Minnie Hume, Mrs. Langtry, 
Grandee, and Queen Bess are inexpensive sorts that are 
timed to the flowering of the orchard Cherries and with 
them seem to express the very fulness of the spring. I 
remember that the meadows about the beautiful old 
colonial mansion of Homewood, near Baltimore, used to be 
a sea of yellow Daffodils in spring — a rare treasure trove for 
flower-loving children. These were the fat old double sort 
with crumpled green-gold petals and the smell of moist earth. 
The poeticus varieties bloom with the Apple blossoms and 
may easily be naturalized in orchards where the grass 
need not be cut until after the Narcissus foliage has died 
naturally. 

To-day, May 8th, a pink-flowered Japanese Cherry is in 
full flower, the ground beneath it carpeted with pale Star 
DafTodils and the edge of the bed hidden under alternate 
mounds of purple Aubrietia Dr. Mules and sky-blue Iris 
pumila caerulea. A week later Mains floribunda will shed 
its pink petals upon the pale gold trumpets of Narcissus 
beauty. Old-fashioned Bleeding Heart consorts gaily with 
pretty Narcissus stella superba and nodding white Checker 
Lilies, and to-morrow the band of purple Viola cornuta 
and Forget-me-not about the pool will be starred with the 
fragrant double blossoms of the Gardenia-flowered Narcissus, 

A poet could not but be gay 

In such a jocund company. 

53 



CHAPTER IV 
TULIPS AND BLOSSOMS 



M 



CHAPTER IV 
TULIPS AND BLOSSOMS 

Tall tulips lift in scarlet tire 
Brimming the April dusk with fire. 

— LiZETTE WOODWORTH ReESE. 

'Y GARDENING life began with a prejudice against 
Tulips. My experience of them was confined to 
what I had seen of their geometrical array in the 
parks and squares of the city of Baltimore — stiff and 
flamboyant precursors of the Cannas and Coleus to come — 
and I had no desire to repeat these scenes in my first little 
garden that was destined to be the home of only the most 
gracious and beauteous flowers. 

But late one April afternoon, when taking a walk, I 
paused to peer over a white picket fence into an old and 
neglected garden. The tangled area, swept neat by winter's 
fiercely tidying regime, was presided over by an ancient 
Apple-tree that seemed, with every twig wreathed in 
fragrant bloom, to stand lost in an ecstatic dream of its 
departed youth. Beneath it in the fresh grass, crowding 
between the crimson Peony shoots, were swaying hosts of 
little scarlet Tulips. 

"Brimming the April dusk with fire." 
57 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Thus carelessly disposed beneath the radiant boughs 
they showed such matchless grace, such piquant vivacity, 
that I was loath to go, and lingered, full of delight at this 
choice bit of April's fancy, until the tender spring gloom 
came out and wrapped the picture round, sending me on 
my way. 

I could hardly wait for summer to wear away to the 
tune when I might add to my little garden the "awkward 
grace" of a Crabapple tree and plant the ground beneath 
it with glowing Tulips. Since then it has been my happy 
lot to plant many Tulips beneath many flowering trees, and 
I feel that no arrangement is so felicitous for both. My 
feeling for Tulips has quite changed — few flowers are of so 
fine a quality — but as I have met recently some people who 
confess to a prejudice against them, the object of this 
chapter is not so much to give lists of the best varieties, 
as to go up and down the garden paths this fair May day, 
enjoying the Tulip pictures in all their beauty and variety. 

The early or Dutch Tulips, that flower in the latter 
days of April, we use as quaintly stiff and conventional 
garden decorations. They line the beds and paths with 
demure severity, exactly spaced and one in height, and 
fill the garden pots and jars with even surfaces of bloom. 
Their stems are short and sturdy, their colours frank and 
bright, with a thin almost transparent quality to their 
petals that gives them a shining look, as of an inner light. 
These are the Tulips most often used for bedding and they 
are the best for forcing indoors. Those belonging to the 
"Due" group have very small flowers and bright, pure 
colours. They are the earliest to bloom out of doors, and 

58 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

may be had in flower indoors by Christmas. Many of these 
early Tulips are most graciously inexpensive and I love to 
use them lavishly, picking out the design of the garden with 
their delightful colour and planting Japanese Cherry and 
Peach-trees to flower at the same time. 

For pink ones we have Cottage Maid, La Reine des 
Reines, Rose Luisante, Pink Beauty, and Flamingo. 

For white: White Hawk, L'Immaculee, and La Reine. 

For yellow: Chrysolora, Golden Queen, Yellow Prince, 
Primrose Queen, and Leopold IL 

For orange: Thomas Moore, Prince of Austria, Leonardo 
da Vinci, Couleur Cardinal, and De Wet. 

For Scarlet: Belle Alliance, Rembrandt, Sir Thomas 
Lipton, and Crimson King. 

We enjoy the pretty primness of these Dutch Tulips in 
the April scheme of things, but none the less do we welcome 
the willowy grace and aesthetic colours of the Tulips that 
bloom in May. These we plant beneath the flowering trees 
in groups of six or a dozen and all about the borders among 
the many charming flowers that with them adorn the 
season. 

Directly in front of the garden house, along the straight 
path that crosses the garden, is my favourite Tulip picture. 
At either end a Cedar arbour hung with Wistaria spans the 
path and in between standard Wistarias decorate its 
length. All along beneath the low-drooping ropes of 
pendent purple blooms flutter troops of scarlet-and-white 
Tulips. Perhaps this picture will seem a trifle bizarre to 
some decorous imaginations, but to me it is so fresh and 
unaffected — so entirely "chic," that no offering of the 

69 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

garden the season through gives me quite the same thrill 
of pleasure. The Tulips used are Gesneriana spathulata, a 
great, thin-petalled flower with a rich blue base, and White 
Swan, a particularly choice white Tulip. 

Thoreau reminds us that we cannot make a hue of 
words, that they are not to be compounded like colours, and 
when we stand before the radiant groups of the spring 
garden, so desirous of conveying to others the loveliness that 
we see so plainly, we are baflled by the impotence of our 
means of expression. 

Here is a full-flowered Crabapple tree, Pyrus ioensis 
(Bechtel's Double-flowering Grab), like a great bouquet 
against the gray garden wall. Beneath the spread of its 
wreathed branches are groups of May Iris — the old purple 
Flag and the French gray florentina; and scattered all about 
are pink and cherry-coloured Tulips — Pride of Haarlem, 
Loveliness, and Clara Butt — all Darwins. 

At the other side of the garden is another Crabapple spread- 
ing its branches above a group of delicately flushed Tulips — 
La Candeur — that rise from a waving sea of Forget-me-nots. 
All my Crabapple trees have their attendant gatherings of 
Tulips, but none is fresher and more delicately lovely than 
the one that Miss Winegar has so finely reproduced on 
plate 6. Here the white Wistaria blossoms mingle delight- 
fully with the crowding pink flowers of Pyrus floribunda, 
and the gay colour scheme is repeated lower down where 
early cream-coloured Iris and bright pink Tulips stand. 

My next Tulip and blossom planting is to be of mauve-col- 
oured Tulips like Nora Ware or Euterpe against the low-sweep- 
ing boughs of Malus Scheideckeri — a little tree that is so 

60 



MAY IN THE GARDEN 

MAY I5TH 



nnUIS happy mingling of blossoming boughs 
± and exuberant, Uowery climber is created 
by the lovely Crabapple {Pyrus or Malus 
floribunda) growing beside an arbour over which 
trail the long branches of a white Wistaria. 
The Tulips in the border below are the Darwin 
Nauticus, the Iris is the Intermediate Empress, 
seen also in Plate No. 9 (May 28th) which is 
painted from a Utile further along this same 
border. 

Arabis, Daffodils, and lavender creeping Phlox 
flower here a month earlier. 

In June a fine group of Delphinium bell- 
adonna flowers with a foreground of coral- 
coloured Heuchera, and by the time the Delphi- 
nium is spent and has been cut down a strong 
plant of Gypsophila paniculata has spread out 
and covered its defection flowering delicately 
and making a striking picture with the orange 
Day Lilies (Hemerocallis fulva) that grow thickly 
beneath the tree, and some clumps of Blue- 
spiked Veronica (Veronica spicata). 

Often blue annual Cornflowers are added to 
this group, and, if the frost spares them, are 
pretty enough with the small yellow Chrys- 
anthemums that bloom here late in the season. 




PLATE NO. 6 
SEB PLATE NO. 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

delicate and filmy in its close-set rosy bloom that it always 
makes me think of the dainty trappings of a baby. Mauve 
Tulips stream away beneath the crooked branches of the 
Judas Tree repeating its singular colour among patches of 
silvery creeping Phlox and the sober ornamentation of Vel- 
vet Stachys (S. lanata). 

The Tulips belonging to this colour scale are a most fas- 
cinating group. They run from pearl-gray with a slight 
flush to warm plum and dusky prune colour, some inclining 
toward the pinkish tones, others having more blue or slate in 
their composition. There are two old colour names, now 
quite laid aside but to me richly suggestive, that I always 
think of when looking at these deep-hued Darwin Tulips; 
they are puce and murrey. They still have a place between 
the pages of the dictionary but we do not hear or see them 
used and Dr. Ridgeway has not made use of them in his 
Colour Chart. What could be more descriptive of such a 
Tulip as Zulu than "murrey velvet"? or more expressive of 
the pinky-brown and purple richness of Frans Hals than 
"puce"? 

Very pale Tulips in this class are : Electra, Pearl, and Mauve 
Clair; deeper in tone are Euterpe, Nora Ware, Rev. H. 
Eubank, Crepuscule, Bleu Celeste, and Lantern. Melicette 
has a decided pink flush, as has Ed. Andre. Erguste is a 
fine deep heliotrope, Bleu Aimable is bluish heliotrope and 
very late, and La Tristesse is a tall slaty-blue sort with a 
gray rim. 

In darker shades that incline toward blue we have 
Bleu Celeste, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Sweet Lavender, and 
Valentine. Reddish sorts are Morales and Frans Hals. 

65 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Of those very dark kinds with blackish lights are Faust, 
Zulu, La Tulipe Noire, Black Knight, and Philippe de Comines. 

I should like to plant a spring walk in these sesthetic 
colours. It should lead to some pleasant spot; and, following 
its length on either side, but irregularly spaced, would 
come white Dogwood trees, mauve-pink Judas Trees, and 
groups of white and purple Persian Lilacs. At their feet 
would stream the mauve and heliotrope and plum-coloured 
Tulips interrupted by stretches of silvery Phlox G. F. 
Wilson and P. canadensis, Pink Thrift, white and lavender 
Horned Violets (Viola cornuta). White Flax, Linum peren- 
ne alba, silvery Cerastium, Stachys lanata, and Nepeta 
Mussini. To this spring walk for an earlier display one 
might add a few Japanese Cherries and double-flowering 
Peaches and plant the ground beneath them with Daffodils, 
Polyanthus Primroses, and Forget-me-nots. 

Sometimes I think yellow Tulips are the best of all, their 
colours are so pure and shining and they are so charming 
planted in front of the white-flowered shrubs of their 
season — Lilacs, Weigela Candida, and the many lovely 



1 TULIP «tOR« WflRE 

2 TIDWe-RD fitJDRE 

3 tlZPET5 00Ui5ini 

4 T. to. CfttrotUR 

5 fiUBBlETlft 

6 T ERGUSTE 

7 T. rftUTOONE 

8 5TSCHYS LBNft-fft 

9 T. MOONLIGHT 



10 ifEprrfl nussim 

n T. L« TEI5TE5SE 

12,UHITXPINK 

13 THRIFT 

1.4 3WEET LfiUENDZE 

f5 tJEPETft I*)U55IN1 

16 T f 6U3T 

n 3TflCHY3 LBCIfiTft 




66 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

new Mock-oranges — and interspersed with patches of soft 
lavender and deep purple Aubrietia, Arenaria montana, 
Iberis sempervirens, and goodly clumps of such May Iris 
as Kharput and Amas. 

My favourite yellow Tulips are the following — all Cottage 
varieties : 

Avis Kennicott — tall ; a lovely long flower of deepest yellow. 

Bouton d'Or — a small flower of warm tone. 

Ellen Willmott — pale yellow pointed flower; tall. 

Mrs. Kneightly — pale yellow; fine. Medium. 

Inglescomb yellow — pure butter yellow. 

Leghorn Bonnet — creamy yellow. 

Moonlight — long pale flower; tall and early. 

Mrs. Moon — splendid pointed flower; full yellow. 

Retroflexa — reflexing petals. My favourite tulip. 

Walter T. Ware — deep golden yellow. 

Vitellina — cream coloured. 

The warm, tawny-coloured Tulips like La Merveille, Gold- 
en Spire (syn. elegans maxima lutea), and Orange Globe 
are striking planted among sky-blue and white Flax, or 
behind little spreads of silvery Nepeta Mussini with its 
clouds of lavender flowers. These orange-coloured Tulips 
are pretty for filling the beds or borders of Tea Roses. The 
coppery shoots of the Rose bushes are in fine harmony with 
the warm-toned Tulips. Later the beds might be carpeted 
with Pansies or Viola cornuta, or sown with the two pretty 
little annuals lonopsidium acaule and Gypsophila muralis. 

There are three old-fashioned looking Tulips that seem 
to breathe the atmosphere of the old gardens where their 
ancestors sought shelter during the period when the garden- 
er 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

ing world was in pursuit of other gods. When we wearied 
of the stiffness and artificiaUty of "bedding out" and again 
turned to simple, graceful things, these long-stemmed wil- 
lowy Tulips, found tucked away in old-fashioned gardens, 
seemed a boon indeed. They are Sweet Nancy (syn. Ges- 
neriana albo-marginata), Picotee, and Blushing Bride (syn. 
Isabella, Shandon Bells). They are white with a narrow 
cherry-coloured edge that gradually expands until the petals 
are deeply flushed. Carnation is said to be an improved 
Picotee. These belong among Florentine Iris, Southern- 
wood, and other old-fashioned looking things. 

Besides the Irises of the Germanica group, those known 
as Intermediate flower with the May Tulips. Many of 
these are in tones of buff and pearl-gray. I always enjoy 
greatly a flashing group in my garden composed of Inter- 
mediate Iris Empress and the sweet-scented Tulip macros- 
peila, glowing rose-scarlet in colour. 

My favourite pink Tulips are Flamingo, Mrs. Cleveland, 
and Suzon for delicate tints; Clara Butt, Edmee, Inglescomb 
Pink, Loveliness, and Mrs. Krelage for deeper tones; and 
for cherry and cerise, Pride of Haarlem, Nauticus, Mr. 
Farncomb Sanders, and Prince of the Netherlands. 

And then there are the old Dutch "Breeders," an old- 
fashioned race, long neglected, that is being again caught 
up in the unstable web of popular fancy. I do not know 
these flowers as yet in my own garden but stand before 
them in other gardens astonished at their unusual colours 
and combinations. There are tender dove colours and 
tobacco browns, bronze and apricot, curious restrained reds 
with sudden white centres, dull yellow and terra cotta, 

68 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

crushed strawberry and chocolate, rose-mauve and tawny 
yellow, orange-scarlet and bronze, gray-brown and violet, 
plum and gray, and many more. 

No early garden literature is so interesting and amusing 
as that concerned with Tulips. They were the florists' 
flower par excellence of the seventeenth and early eigh- 
teenth centuries. The old writers, in a fever to do justice 
to this flower of their hearts — and pocketbooks — reck- 
lessly mixed fancy with fact in their disquisitions upon 
the Tulip and its culture. I have a little old brown volume 
published in 1711 called the "Dutch Gardener or the Curious 
Florist" written by Henry Van Osten, "the Leyden Gar- 
dener," wherein are pages and pages of almost impassioned 
writing about Tulips and of curious theories concerning the 
influence of the moon and the wind upon their welfare. In 
Van Osten's day the Gillyflower was the Tulip's rival. 
Early works devote equal space and equally elegant language 
to the two, but the Leyden gardener leaves no doubt in 
the minds of his readers as to his personal preference. In 
those days as now the charge of scentlessness was made 
against Tulips and the eloquent Dutchman was moved to 
the following defence: 

"Those that value the July Flowers [Jilly Flowers] above 
the Tulips because of their pleasant smell, their lasting 
longer, and their bearing of more Flowers, would do well to 
consider that flowers ought chiefly to please the Sight, and 
that the Smell gives them no Beauty and indeed affords 
but little pleasure before the Flower is pulled and removed 
from its place. Those, therefore, that delight in Flowers, are 
willing to be without the Smell, if their Eye be but satisfied : 

69 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

And they who value Flowers chiefly for their Smell, may 
supply themselves with Perfumes, and not upbraid this 
Queen of Flowers for want of that Quality, which abrogates 
not in the least from her Beauty nor renders her less 
pleasing in a Florist's Eye. Let them consider, besides, 
that what seems to some a pleasant Smell, stinks in the 
Nostrils of others, nay, many cannot endure the most 
fragrant Perfumes without a great Alteration in their 
Bodies, as infinite Examples and daily Experience convince 
us. The Lovers therefore of sweet Scents ought not to 
reproach the Tulip with this as with a Defect, seeing Nature 
has been so lavishly bountiful to her in other Respects and 
given her wherewithal to satisfy a far more noble Sense, 
and to make us admire in her the exceeding Power of the 
Donor." 

Nevertheless, in spite of Van Osten's brave plea the lack 
of sweetness is the Tulip's one defect. A few, however, are 
endowed with a peculiarly fresh and uncloying fragrance, 
and whenever I come across one of these I feel that I have 
received a gift. 

Darwin Tulips, as far as my knowledge of them goes, are 
quite without scent. The old English Cottage Tulips, 
however, from which so many handsome forms have been 
developed, were once praised for their fine, sweet scent, 
but alas, in the work of "improvement" this quality, with 
their simpler garment, has to a large degree fallen from 
them. Some that retain their fragrance are: La Merveille, 
Primrose Beauty, Orange King, Gala Beauty, Ellen Will- 
mott. Emerald Gem, Lion d' Orange, Macrospeila, Mrs. 
Moon, Mrs. Kneightly, and others of the Gesneriana group. 

70 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Among the fragrant Dutch or early Tulips are Thomas 
Moore, Prince of Austria, Proserpine, Ophir d'Or, Yellow 
Prince, Gold Finch, De Wet, Hector, Yellow Rose, and 
Due Van Tholl. 

Many of the wild Tulip species are fragrant, and these 
are most fascinating to grow. Some of the sweetest are: 
the wild British Tulip, T. sylvestris (that has a scent like 
hot-house Violets), vitellna, with the bouquet of oranges; 
Didieri with a fragrance of Sweet Peas; and australis (syn. 
Celsiana), Billietina, persica (syn. Breyniana), primulina, 
and fragrans (syn. sylvestris major). 



71 



CHAPTER V 
FLOWERS 0' GRACE 



CHAPTER V 
FLOWERS 0' GRACE 

We cannot fathom the mystery of a single flower, nor is it intended that 
we should; but that the pursuit of science should constantly be betrayed 
by the love of beauty, and accuracy of knowledge by tenderness of 
emotion. — Ruskin. 

THERE is a class of plants in the garden toward 
which we feel a peculiar tenderness. Most of them 
are too light in build and too fugitive to be of great 
value in our colour arrangements; they are the butterflies 
of the flower world, careless, gay, full of whimsical charm; 
and without their fluttering life the garden would be 
bereft indeed. There is room for many of these flowers of 
grace in even small gardens, for they occupy little space 
and they will, if allowed a bit of freedom in the matter of 
their own bestowal, redeem the garden from the stiffness 
which is apt to be the result of our heavier touch. It is 
their special mission to add the touch of laughter to the 
serene; to lift our thoughts from the gravity of gardening 
to the witchery of gardens. 

The fairy Flax is one of these. It is an unstable, whimsical 
thing; opening its wide eyes with the pleading sun, closing 
them at its noon insistence, and the little plant cannot be 
said to be reliably perennial in our climate and yet, once 

75 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

admitted, it is not long before "indent with azure is many 
a fold" of the garden, for the Flax is a hardy and persistent 
self-sower. The flowering of the Flax continues long, and 
all the while the work of seeding and distribution is going 
on at a great rate, and each year we are enchanted by its 
latest whims of association. This spring I found the feathery 
seedlings springing up all through a stretch of Iris Innocenza 
and when the two flowered late in May — the fluttering sky- 
blue blossoms among the thick-petalled, pure white Iris — I 
thought I had never seen anything so fresh and pretty. 

Sometimes there will be a gay colony in the garden path 
at the foot of a retaining wall where Flax and California 
Poppies have foregathered in blithe haphazardy; next sum- 
mer this will not be, but over the way a blue haze will 
underlie the sunshine of the Lemon Lilies, or my garden 
steps will tremble into blue from every joint and crevice. 

One of the prettiest associations that came about by ac- 
cident but is now permanently established is where Flax 
grows among the jaunty Spanish Poppy (P. rupifragum). 
They both have a grand blossoming for nearly two months 
in the spring and early summer and then for the rest of the 
season give little snatches of gay colour now and then. 
The Spanish Poppy is especially persistent, opening an 
occasional frail blossom right up to freezing weather. 

The Narbon Flax (Linum narbonense) is perhaps a little 
more delightful even than Linum perenne. It is a trifle 
more substantial in appearance, a shade bluer, and its 
wide eyes face the sun all day long, not closing in the 
provoking way of the other in the middle of the day, but 
unfortunately it is somewhat less reliable. It is not quite 

76 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

hardy and while some winters our promising batch of 
seedlings comes safely through, we may not count upon 
them. In sunny, sheltered places, in well-drained rather 
gravelly soil or among rocks it is fairly persistent. 

The common white Flax (Linum perenne album) also is 
a charming plant. There is a beautiful group in my garden 
that came without my assistance, where Gypsophila pani- 
culata tumbles over the top of a low retaining wall and at 
the wall foot, growing lustily in the path, is a patch of white 
Flax. The intermingled gray-white and porcelain-white with 
the delicate greenery of both creates a charming effect. 

Linum monogynum* is another white-flowered Flax; 
an elegant, sprightly little plant with myriads of round 
white blossoms continued over a long period. The lum- 
inous yellow colour and more substantial appearance 
of Linum flavum are well known. There are few more 
striking plants for the border edge in well-drained soil 
with a sunny aspect. It blooms practically all summer, 
and if one plants with it Campanula carpatica, both the 
blue and the white sorts, one has a persistently flowering 
border edge in very pretty colours. 

Linum alpinum and L. salsolides are little sprawling 
Alpines, blue and pale pink respectively, only suited for a 
chink between two stones, but the beautiful annual grand- 
iflorum, the colour of red wine held up to the light, should 
have a place in every garden. All these Flax flowers are 
easily raised from seed and all self-sow freely and may 
safely be left to the wind and their own caprice in the matter 
of their associations. 

*This plant is not reliably hardy and should be carried over in a frame. 

77 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Coral Bells (Heuchera) next occurs to me as a flower 
of grace. The slender stems set with tiny flowers — pink, 
blush, cream, coral, scarlet, flame — rise from a tuft of 
beautiful leafage, ornamental enough in itself and often 
flushed with deeper colour. The flower spikes continue 
to develop for weeks during the late spring and summer, 
and wherever the groups of Heuchera are set a light and 
graceful effect is secured. There are many fine sorts of 
recent introduction, all superior to the old sanguinia — an 
uncertain bloomer — that flower for several months. Of 
these are: Mignonette, deep rose; Pluie de Feu, flame 
scarlet; Rosamund, coral pink; Pink Beauty, a charming 
shade; Mousquetaire, rose-scarlet; Virginale, cream; and 
Flambeau, scarlet. The varieties Cascade and Richard- 
sonii have richly flushed foliage that makes them useful 
for border edges or for planting at the foot of low shrubs 
with Saxifraga cordifolia. Heucheras* do not seed them- 
selves in my garden but come readily from hand-sown seed 
and spread rapidly from the root. They are almost as ever- 
harmonious as the Flax flowers and should be used freely 
about the borders wherever a light and graceful effect is 
desired. White ones planted among the stout elegans 
Lilies relieve their heaviness and soften their scarlet glare; 
pink ones reflect delightfully the glow of Evening Primroses; 
scarlet ones are pretty behind mats of trailing white and 
gray Cerastium, or standing among clumps of slim Siberian 
Irises, themselves veritable plants of grace. 

Another plant giving this airy and graceful effect is the 
old-fashioned Garden Heliotrope (Valeriana officinalis). It 

*Heucheras should be divided every year or to keep them in good blossoming form. 

78 



IRIS AND LEMON LILY 

MAY 2 1 ST 



nnmS is exactly the same portion of the 
J garden as is shown in Plate No. 3 {April 
28th). The little Crabapple then filling the pic- 
ture with its delicate flowering is now quite 
secondary, yet crecdes with the fresh green of the 
Baptisia bushes on the left a pleasant back- 
ground for the soft-coloured Iris Queen of May 
in the foreground. The gray foliage of Lyme 
Grass is now added to the group; and a little back, 
against the garden wall, the white rugosa Rose 
Madame Georges Bruant with its companion 
groups oj Lemon Lilies and pale yellow Iris 
Canary Bird comes agreeably within the same 
vision-scope. 

Still another grouping upon this same spot 
is shown in Plate No. 13 {July 1st). 



k 




PLATE NO. 7 

SEE PLATES NOS. } AND I3 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

carries its flat pink and gray lace flower heads upon slender 
stems four feet tall, waving them above the scarlet Oriental 
Poppies, the soft-toned Irises, the rows of smart Sweet 
Williams, enhancing the special quality of beauty in all. 
Many speak against it because it spreads with such ardent 
enthusiasm, but its mats of roots are so easily pulled out 
that this is no drawback and if one leaves a bit here and 
there to survive and expand its lace like flower head we are 
sure to give it a welcome. 

Later in the season Gypsophila lends its gossamer blos- 
soming to the same end, and later still the great Sea Laven- 
der (Statice latifolia), with its mistlike lavender flower heads, 
gives a touch of lightness to the robust physiognomy of 
August. Statice incana and S. eximia are white-flowered 
Sea Lavenders with the same airy inflorescence. These 
plants should be left long in one place without disturbance 
as it is only after several years that they become fully 
effective. 

Columbines, with their poised blossoms and streaming 
spurs, are charmingly buoyant in effect. They are the most 
enchanting of flowers. Even the debonair little red-and- 
yellow native sort that we are so glad to meet upon our 
April walks, rollicking over a great brooding rock, is fit to 
be brought into the garden to shine among the best. It 
seems pleased to come for it seeds itself about most gra- 
ciously, setting up little colonies here and there and flowering 
gaily among the Arabis and Aubrietias — its jaunty colour 
scheme only rivalled in the spring garden by Crown Im- 
perials and scarlet Tulips. 

Two other fine Columbines are native to the United 

83 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

States: Aquilegia chrysantha, a late-blooming sort with 
small leafage and light yellow, long-spurred blossoms, 
that is one of the best of hardy plants; and A. caerulea, 
the beautiful Rocky Mountain Columbine. This latter 
plant is so innately a wild thing that it is with diflficulty 
brought to the conditions and conventions of garden life. 
The best place for it is on the north side of a wall among 
Ferns and Bloodroot, where these flowers, perhaps by their 
likeness to the friends of its mountain home, may insure 
its contentment. Even thus considered it will often pine 
away and we must be constantly raising it from seed if we 
desire to enjoy continuously the lovely lavender-blue and 
white blossoms. But A. caerulea has given us some fine 
varieties of sturdier habit: White Lady is one that I am 
hoping will prove more generously persistent than the type; 
Mrs. Nicholls is said to recall the clean lavender and white 
colouring of the parent; and Rose Queen gives many charm- 
ing pink blossoms. This plant is decidedly more dependable 
than the type, is taller and the blossoms have longer spurs. 

White Columbines are particularly pure and lovely. 
There is a dwarf one very fine and free in its flowering 
called flabellata nana and a good semi-double one known as 
nivea grandiflora. The wild British Columbine (A. vulgaris) 
has a good white form called grandiflora alba. The short- 
spurred Columbines, while lacking the peculiar airy grace of 
the long-spurred sorts, are yet pretty enough, and even the 
double ones have a quaint appeal like that of a pudgy baby. 

The wild Columbines, Skinneri, glandulosa, the blue Siber- 
ian Columbine, alpina, and Stewarti are only fit for careful 
treatment on rock work. They are exquisite but too shy 

84 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

and wild to give any sort of effect in the ordinary flower 
garden. The best for this purpose are the various strains 
of "long-spurred hybrids" offered by most seedsmen. These 
have been carefully selected and grow tall and strong and 
wear a great variety of delicate tints and shades: old rose, 
pink, lavender, purple, buff, cream, yellow, a sort of skimmed- 
milk blue, and many in combinations of two colours. 

It is interesting to raise our own Columbines from seed 
gathered from the best-coloured and strongest of our plants. 
We get some most delightful results and even the gypsy seed- 
lings springing up here and everywhere about the garden are 
often of great beauty. To be seen at their best these 
exquisitely modelled blossoms should shine against a back- 
ground that throws them into relief. They are splendid 
massed against evergreens, or tall plants of a good green. 
In a huddle of other flowers the modelling of the blossoms is 
lost sight of. The persistently fine foliage of Aquilegias 
makes them particularly valuable in the borders. We may 
plant them in broad masses without fear of ensuing bare 
places, and they may also be used charmingly in association 
with other flowers of their day. Yellow Columbines (A. 
chrysantha) are gay among the soft blue Peach-leaved 
Campanulas; white ones with the Forget-me-not Anchusa 
(A. myosotidiflora) ; pink ones among the stiff spikes of 
mauve Camassia, and so on. Among Ferns they are always 
happy and at home. 

But preeminent among flowers of grace are Poppies. 
Like the children, I like to save the best for the last, but 
all this while my thoughts have been alight with them, my 
paper stained with their gallant colour, my heart vibrating 

85 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

with their waywardness. Surely they are the acme of grace, 
the best of laughter, the rarest embodiment of all that is 
delightsome, careless, touchingly fugitive. 

Joys too exquisite to last 

And yet more exquisite when past. 

Many flowers have given their names to colours. The 
wonder is that some brave hue does not challenge our 
admiration as "poppy colour." But after all, which of this 
flower's daring or tender revelations would be chosen? To 
me poppy colour would mean that peculiar, sparkling rose- 
red found among the Shirleys — one of the most telling and 
distinctive hues in the floral world — but perhaps the thin 
scarlet glare of the English Field Poppy is the most typical. 
I shall never forget the wonder of a high meadow afloat 
with these vibrant flowers I once saw against the setting 
sun in England. Ruskin says: "The poppy is the most 
transparent and delicate of all the blossoms of the field. 
The rest, nearly all of them, depend on the texture of their 
surface for colour. But the poppy is painted glass; it never 
glows so brightly as when the sun shines through it. Wher- 
ever it is seen against the light or with the light, it is a 
flame, and warms the mind like a blown ruby." 

It is a pity that Poppies are in such haste to shed their 
silken petals and display their crowned seed pods, for 
there are few flowers that we would rather have in masses 
in the garden borders. Few exhibit such entrancing shades 
and tints and none displays the exquisite poised grace of 
the great Poppy flower swaying upon its delicately slender 
but quite adequate stem. It is not the part of wisdom to 

86 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

sow annual Poppies in broad stretches in the borders. 
Their days are too few and they leave such sad blanks when 
they are gone. But of course one must have them, and a 
good way is to sow a few seeds here and there among 
perennials that will broaden out and cover the annual's sub- 
sequent defection. Joan-silver-pin is its quaint early English 
name, which means, I believe, a bit of finery, and as such we 
must regard them. 

The English Field Poppy exists in my garden of its own 
whim. Years ago a few seeds were scattered to fill a blank 
space and ever since they have been as the proverbial mustard 
seed. Each year I am constrained to pull out hundreds of 
fresh young tufts, for one place is as good as another to them 
and often a path will be solid with complaisant seedlings, 
the beds all threaded with them, and peace and harmony in 
dire jeopardy. But I leave a few and often these hap- 
hazard elect supply the needed touch of brilliance to some 
too-neutral group. Where I sit on the Garden House porch 
I can see a stretch of lavender Nepeta and slightly bluer 
Campanulas that would be lifeless in effect were it not for 
the flashing trail of self-sown Poppies that brings out all 
their delicate quality. 

Shirley Poppies are of a delightful pinkness not to be 
found elsewhere in or out of Nature. They run the enchant- 
ing scale from faintest blush to the dazzling rose-scarlet 
that seems to me to be the true poppy colour, and the 
diaphanous, silken blossoms are poised on stems so frail that 
they seem to be ever balancing to keep from tipping over. 

Other annual Poppies, the Carnation-flowered and Peony- 
flowered types, have even a wider colour range, embracing 

87 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

the soft wine tints, venous purple, pinky mauve, silver- 
gray, smoky lavender sometimes touched with scarlet, or 
flushed with heliotrope; and now, from the secret places 
of the hybridists, comes the exciting rumour of a race of 
blue Poppies — can it be true? Surely they will be the cool, 
shadowy, changeful blues like those shown by Campanulas. 
These would not seem strange, but a Poppy with the 
colour of an Anchusa would somehow affect one as un- 
pleasantly abnormal, like a green Carnation or the black 
Tulip. Few flowers are more chaste and lovely than single 
white Poppies; the Bride is a fine one, and Virginia is white 
with a delicate pink edge. Poppies and Cornflowers make 
a good association, for when the Poppies are spent they 
may be puUed out and the Cornflowers left to continue on 
their quaint blue way until frost. I once saw a bed of 
silvery-lavender Poppies and Cornflowers that was very 
pretty. 

The crepe-petalled Iceland Poppy (Papaver nudicaule) 
that sows itself about my garden, springing up in the most 
unlikely nooks and crevices, has much of the airy charm of 
the annual sorts and decks itself in the loveliest colours: 
apricot and orange, buff, scarlet and white. I had from an 
English seedsman this spring a kind not too whimsically 
named Pearls of Dawn, for a rosy glow underlies the soft 
buffs and creams of its fragile petals. 

My favourite among perennial Poppies is P. rupifragum, 
that in lieu of any proper English name I call the Spanish 
Poppy.* It has all the whimsical appeal of its delicately 
bold race and hoists its little snatches of gay colour on stems 

• p. rupifragum is a native of Spain. 

88 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

as thin as wire. But there is nothing frail about the soUd 
tuft of leaves or the mighty tap root that, when you essay 
to get it out of the ground intact, seems to reach to China. 
This plant, too, is as hardy as iron and unmindful of drought 
continues to send aloft its colours until frozen to inactivity. 

It is easily raised from seed and grows freely in the border 
of well-drained soil or in the rock garden where it is particu- 
larly valuable on account of its late blooming. 

I can never quite feel that Papaver orientale is a Poppy 
for all it boasts the simple form and silken characteristics of 
its fellows. It lacks all the spiritual qualities and is too 
coarse of texture, too stout of figure, too altogether insistent. 
It brings to mind Chaucer's portrait of the "Wife of Bath," 
"Bold was hire face, and faire and red of hew," and yet 
there is some magic appeal in this great Poppy, too, and one 
wants to splash it about the garden regardless of con- 
sequences. 



CHAPTER VI 
IMPRESSIONS OF A JUNE MORNING 



CHAPTER VI 
IMPRESSIONS OF A JUNE MORNING 

Soon will the high Midsummer pomps come on. 

Soon will the musk carnations break and swell. 
Soon shall we have gold-dusted snapdragons; 

Sweet-William with his homely cottage-smell. 
And stocks in fragrant blow; 

Roses that down the alleys shine afar, 
And open, jasmine-muffled lattices. 
And groups under the dreaming garden-trees. 

And the full moon and the white evening-star. 

■ — Matthew Arnold. 

WHAT a chaos of beauty there is upon a June morn- 
ing! Standing in the midst of the garden one 
experiences a sort of breathlessness of soul, and 
sends forth Uttle subconscious pleas to the powers that 
govern our limitations for more capacity to enjoy the 
bounty of this glowing, exuberant month. June is so 
prodigal, so extravagant of all that makes the world beauti- 
ful, so kind to gardeners. We should be thankful for even 
one of the great flower families that grace this month — for 
the Roses, the Lupines, the Peonies, the Iris — but June 
comes to us with a green apron recklessly overflowing, 
spreading her largess upon every hand, until it is small 
wonder that we stand bewildered. 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

In whatever direction we choose to turn our steps, this 
fifth day of June, beauty awaits. Down this long, straight 
path to the left Oriental Poppies are creating a high- 
pitched fanfare of colour. We may not allow them in 
all parts of the garden, on account of their emphatic colour. 
But there, among the cool lavender Irises (pallida dalmatica. 
Celeste, Albert Victor, Blue Jay), with an interplanting of 
lacelike Garden Heliotrope (Valeriana officinalis), they may 
trumpet unrebuked. I love them in great masses so that 
one may revel in their thrilling colour, but thus planted 
we must have a thought for the great blank spaces that 
follow when the Poppies are spent, and place intelligently 
the clumps of Gypsophila and Michaelmas Daisies that will 
later rehabilitate the border. 

Some of the finest of the strong-coloured Oriental Poppies 
are bracteatum and beauty of Livermore, red; and Prince of 
Orange and Royal Scarlet, orange-scarlet. These are too 
strong in colour to be scattered broadcast over the garden. 
It is best to give up to them certain portions, furnishing 
them the milder companionship of lavender Irises and Can- 
terbury Bells, blue and white Peach-leaved Campanulas, 
patches of soft-toned Nepeta and fluffy white Pinks, tall creamy 
Foxgloves, with now and then a yellow Lemon Lily or a group 
of scarlet Geums to rival their own brilliance. Nothing so 
softens the outlines of these intense colour masses as do the 
little spreads of gray-pink Valerian or Garden Heliotrope 
carried well above the Poppies. I am not fond of the 
mahogany-coloured Poppies like Mahony, but the salmon 
and shrimp-pink and flesh-coloured sorts are extremely 
beautiful. Planted in groups with Lyme Grass and Nepeta, 

94 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Stachys lanata and Valerian they are among the loveUest of 
early June's pictures. 

The scarlet Geums, Mrs. Bradshaw and Glory of Stutt- 
gart, are as brilliant as the Poppies in colour and may 
have their feet carpeted with purple and lavender Horned 
Violets (Viola cornuta), and be set about with sky-blue 
Flax, Nepeta, white and lavender Iris, or Peach-leaved 
Bellflowers with which they will live amicably. As the 
Geums flower nearly all summer, thought must be taken of 
their later companions. I grow them in a neighbourhood 
where cool blues generally prevail. Geum Heldreichii is 
dwarfer and flowers in May. It creates a gay picture set 
among groups of white Tulips and patches of lavender 
Creeping Phlox. 

A turn of the way brings us to a border tricked out in those 
delightful colours that Mrs. Earl notes are all named for flow- 
ers: lavender, mauve (Mallow) pink, rose, lilac, orchid, violet, 
and heliotrope. This is an exquisite bit of border. Its foun- 
dation is of the newer Lupines — Blue Cloud, Eastern Queen, 
Enchantress, Beauty, Rosy Gem, Brightness, Excelsior — 
that show such fine blendingsof the colours before mentioned, 
and few plants of June are so beautiful as these. With 
them in this border are patches of Rose-pink Pyrethrums, 
Iris Blue King, deep purple Columbines, Fraxinella, the 
charming lavender-flowered Meadow Rue (Thalictrum 
aquilegifolium) ; pink and lavender Canterbury Bells, and Ger- 
man Irises in the pinky-mauve shades; along the edges of 
the border, in patches and trails of soft colour, are Nepeta 
Mussini, Dicentra eximia, Stachys lanata, and Saponaria 
ocymoides, with an occasional tuft of the bright little Mule 

95 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Pink Fiirst Bismarck. A few shafts of silver foliage pierce 
the rose and lavender colouring of the border and at the 
back some purple-leaved Plums throw the whole into fine 
relief. 

To carry on this particularly soft and lovely colour 
scheme through the remaining months of the garden's life 
use is made of the following plants: Salvia pratensis, 
Salvia virgata nemorosa, Lythrum Salicaria, Veronica 
spicata, Lychnis (or Agrostemma) Coronaria, Astilbe 
Davidi, Erigeron speciosus Quakeress, blue Campanula car- 
patica, blue Campanula pyramidalis, Phloxes Wanardis 
and Crepuscle, Pink Hollyhocks, Campanula latifolia Brant- 
wood, lavender and violet Michaelmas Daisies, Phloxes 
Von Hochberg and Madame Paul Dutrie, Rosy Musk- 
Mallows (Malva moschata), Eupatorium coelestinum, 
the pretty Blue Spiraea (Caryopteris mastacanthus) hardy 
anywhere south of New York City, and Gladiolus in the 
"pansy-flowered" shades. It is my feeling that white flowers 
would spoil this colour scheme. 

As we continue our way, little thickets of tall creamy 
Foxgloves and pink Canterbury Bells — such a "peaches-and- 
cream" association — challenge us for praise; there is friend 
Sweet William, too, in his splendid new role of Scarlet 
Beauty, winding his way the entire length of one border, 
like a brilliant ribbon through a haze of lavender Nepeta. 
The older Pink Beauty is a choice thing, too, and has her 
place among lavender Canterbury Bells and the charming 
white Iris Innocenza. 

I am extremely fond of the very dark red Sweet Wil- 
liam with blackish stems, and it is a splendid balance for 

96 



ORIENTAL POPPIES AND VALERIAN 

MAY 28th 



nEHIND this brilliant group are strong 
13 clumps of Gypsophila paniculata which, 
by the time the Poppies are ready for a rather 
disorderly retreat underground and the yellowing 
stalks of the Valerian are cut down, has spread a 
rejuvenating web of wiry branches and delicate 
gray-green foliage above their heads and rescued 
the border from dire forlornity. 

Again the long branches of the Michaelmas 
Daisy Top Sawyer, planted between clumps of 
pink Phlox, in turn are drawn forward to hide 
the gentle passing of the Gypsophila. 

The August aspect of this bit of raised border 
is shown in plate No. 21 {August 10th). 

The spring display here is composed of 
Cottage Tulip Leghorn Bonnet, Phlox subulata 
G. F. Wilson, and dwarf purple Irises. 




PLATE NO. 8 

SEE PLATE NO. 21 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

high-pitched scarlet Geums and for Lychnis chalcedon- 
ica. Sweet WilHams, I think, are best treated as bien- 
nials, the young plants started in a nursery bed, set in 
the garden in autumn, and pulled up after flowering. 
The second flowering is always a poor affair and Sweet 
Williams are so easily raised from seed that there is no 
reason why we should not enjoy the solid blocks of fine 
colour given by their first flowering. Young plants of 
Ageratum, French Marigolds, Petunias — the pretty white- 
throated Rosy Morn or the new and very fine violet sort 
Velchenblau — a revelation in Petunias — may be set about 
the patches of Sweet William, to expand and flower after 
the last mentioned have been cast out. 

And then we come to a corner of the garden where an 
apple blossom of a Rose — Empress of China — trails its 
bloom-laden branches from a corner of the pergola over a 
group of rich crimson Peonies and great clumps of rich- 
toned purple Campanula latifolia macrantha. Here too are 
very tall white Foxgloves, the seed of which was acquired 
of an English seed house under the name of Ayreshire 
White. They are exceptionally tall and graceful, but some 
of them lack the enticing brown freckles that make the 
Foxglove flowers look like the noses of little country chil- 
dren. The Yellow Foxglove (Digitalis ambigua) is a fine, 
soft-toned thing, seldom growing taller than three feet, but a 
true perennial and one that blooms off and on throughout 
the season. I often find the pretty yellow blossom spikes 
after several hard frosts. 

How any one can tolerate the monstrosity known as 
Digitalis purpurea monstrosa, that has a great saucer at the 

101 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

apex of its diminishing stalk, I cannot understand. As well 
crown the spire of a cathedral with a cartwheel and ask for 
praise! The Cup-and-saucer Canterbury Bell is another 
lauded development far inferior to the normal type. The 
simple bell form is always beautiful; to turn it into a cup 
and saucer is to degrade it. 

And then we come to the borders where free-growing June 
Roses hold their gracious court. I do not know why these 
are not more often used in wide borders among hardy 
plants. They accept such a position with entire equanimity, 
lending a certain stability of appearance to the borders and 
in the season of their flowering creating pictures of trans- 
cendent loveliness. Stanwell's Perpetual Scotch Brier is 
exquisite, with faintly scented brier foliage and clouds of 
small, delicately flushed double Roses. The two yellow- 
flowering Roses, Harison's and the Persian, the latter more 
golden and more full petalled than the former, are splendid 
in the borders grouped with soft lavender Irises and white 
Lupines. Madame Plantier is a lovely free-growing white 
sort and the rugosa hybrids Madame Georges Bruant, 
Blanc Double de Coubert, Conrad F. Meyer, and the 
brilliant Souvenir de Pierre Leperdrieux are fine and 
suitable for such a purpose. Even the gay red-and-white 
striped Damask Roses like York and Lancaster and 
Village Maid are quaintly charming with an edge of white 
Pinks and mauve Horned Violets and some companion 
groups of soft blue Lupines. 

If I had plenty of space I should certainly have a border 
given up entirely to early June. I should arrange it in some 
inconspicuous place where it need not be visited save at the 

102 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

time of its fulness and beauty. There should be white and 
purple Persian Lilacs, all these gracious free-growing Roses, 
masses of soft-coloured Lupines and Irises, spreads of 
mediating gray foliage and trails of spicy Pinks, soft- 
coloured Nepeta and Stachys. The accompanying plan is 
for a border long dreamed of and desired. 




The free-growing Roses require no pruning beyond the 
thinning out of old or dead wood and the shortening of 
frost-nipped branches. The briers, Harison's Yellow, Per- 
sian Yellow, and Stanwell's Perpetual, are most effective 
when planted rather close together in groups of three, as 
their growth is rather straggling. I have a beautiful 
garden Rose whose name I do not know. It was here 
growing in the tangle of the old-fashioned dooryard when 
we came. Its branches are long and wandlike and laden 
with loosely double bright pink Roses — the base of each 
petal being white. The illustration Plate 1 1 shows it bloom- 
ing, about the middle of the month, in a north border among 
Delphiniums, white Goat's Rue, Galega, and Anchusas. 

Pinks are a delicious garnish for the June borders. Besides 
the Grass and Scotch Pinks there are delightful develop- 
ments of the plumarius type. Better, I believe, than either 
Mrs. Sinkins or Her Majesty for a double white Pink are 
Perpetual Snow and White Reserve. They are less likely, 
in the stout doubling of their scented petals, to rend their 

103 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

strained calyxes. Cyclops is a lovely clear rose-coloured 
single Pink with a crimson inner circle and Delicata is a 
pretty flushed sort. After the first prodigal flowering these 
Pinks should be well cut over, all the faded flowers removed, 
and the old shoots shortened. This done, there will be a 
second more delicate flowering and the plants will retain 
their tidy forms and tender gray colour until well into the 
winter. There are few more brilliant plants than the 
hybrid Pink, or Mule Pink, Napoleon III. It produces its 
double blossoms on stiff stems with the utmost generosity, 
but unfortunately its generosity often means its death. 
More easily managed Mules are Fettes Mount and Fuerst 
Bismarck, both lovely shades of pure pink and very fragrant. 
The latter has proved so truly perpetual flowering in my 
garden that it formed, this autumn, with a few purple 
Horned Violets, the very last posy to be brought into the 
house. Many of the wUd Pinks grow freely in the ordinary 
garden, but these were treated somewhat at length in "My 
Garden." No garden is too small for many Pinks. Theplants 
require little room and will flower freely in any sunny corner. 
I tuck them aU about in nooks and corners, allowing them 
to seed themselves into all sorts of places where I would not 
dare to put them. They grow in crevices of the stone steps, 
in the retaining walls, in little patches in the gravel walks. 
I can seldom bear to disturb them, unless they are actuafly 
in a way to obstruct traffic. An edging of double white or 
single white fringed Pinks, Nepeta Mussini and gay pink 
Thrift, is the very prettiest thing I know. The best Thrift 
for this association is plantaginea, a variety of Armeria 
cephalotes (syn. formosa), that bears its rosy globes on 

104 



THE FULLNESS OF THE SPRING 

MAY 28th 



^TIHIS warm-toned picture shows upon the 
X upper terrace, against the southwest wall, 
a gold-hung Laburnum tree (L. vulgare), a 
bush of Persian Lilac, and a group of the Darwin 
Tulip Gretchen. The purple Iris in the lower 
border is the common I. germanica, the cream- 
coloured one is the Intermediate Iris Empress. 
The Tulips are Mrs. Moon and the patches 
of white are from Sweet Rocket (Hesperis ma- 
tronalis) and still lingering Arabis. 

In April the Arabis is in full beauty and with 
it, along the edge of this border, are clumps of 
deep purple Iris pumila, festoons of pale laven- 
der Phlox subulata G. F. Wilson, and groups 
of the bright yellow Daffodil Katherine Spurrell. 

Early in June a clump of purple Meadow- 
rue (Thalictrum aquilegifolium) bursts into 
feathery bloom. In July a group of pink and 
buff Hollyhocks and early Phlox Miss Lingard 
is the offering; and for August a lovely group 
composed of the tall, soft pink Phlox Tower 
of Eiffel, Silver Thistle (Echinops sphaero- 
cephalus), and Chitrmey Bellflower {Campanula 
pyramidalis). 

All this; and yet in October the border is once 
more rendered demurely festive by a group of 
cold blue Aconites (Aconitum autumnale) arid 
the Shrubby Ox-eye Daisy (Chrysanthemum nip- 
ponicum). 

The other end of this border is to be seen in 
Plate No. 6 (May 15th.) 




PLATE NO. 9 
SEE PLATE NO. 6 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

naked scapes well above the rosettes of dark green 
foliage. 

Of course the June pictures having Irises as the basis of 
their beauty are many, for the so-called "German" Iris is 
the flower par excellence for our American gardens and gains 
steadily in favour. No other so staunchly braves the 
brutal eccentricities of our climate, giving us unblemished 
foliage and flawless petals though summer drought and del- 
uge beset it; though in winter a temperature plying violently 
between the zero point and summer heat harry its needed 
rest. The temptation is to fill our gardens with this sturdy, 
beautiful flower, to enjoy to the full the resplendent period 
of its festival, and to rest content for the remainder of the 
season in the gracious memory of those June days. We are, 
moreover, being encouraged in this course, for from out the 
Green Work Shops of the world issues a bewildering pro- 
cession of new Irises in the most enchanting furbishings and 
all the wondrous colours that can be imagined. 

In the English Country Life for June 24, 1917, Mr. Eden 
Phillpotts writes, "Man has availed himself of the great laws 
of evolution in mightier matters than the Iris, but in no 
theatre of his unsleeping efi'orts has he created purer 
beauty or wakened for flower lovers a truer joy than among 
the bearded Irises of June." Truly this is the great day of 
the Flower-de-luce, of which John Parkinson, thorough-going 
gardener and devout flower-worshipper, wrote three hundred 
years ago "for his excellent beautie and rarietie deserveth 
first place." So the German Iris is after all an old friend, 
but what would John Parkinson say could he see to what 
grand estate it is risen? 

109 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

No modest gardener can hope to keep abreast with the 
triumphal procession of the Iris to-day; few gardens are 
large enough to hold a tithe of the radiant throng, and many 
of the newest varieties are held at prices whose equivalent is 
not to be drawn from the toe of a modest stocking. It is, 
however, one of the many compensations that attends the 
path of the gardener that though he possess but a patch of 
the common Purple Flag or a stalk or two of the gray- 
cowled Florentine he has for his portion perfect beauty, 
dignity, and sweetness. 

My own garden boasts few of the fine new varieties, but 
we are very gay indeed this bright June day and full of 
diversity. Here against a full-flowered Scarlet Thorn 
(Paul's) is a great splash of the pure lavender colour of the 
great Dalmatian Iris. The Thorn is not scarlet, but a full 
crimson pink that accords perfectly with the colour of this 
finest of German Irises. Again the tall lavender Iris Celeste 
consorts charmingly with a troupe of pink Canterbury Bells. 
Surely no Irises are finer than these of the pallida group, 
whether of lavender or of the enchanting pink shades; 
Albert Victor is superb among the older sorts, nearly 
resembling the Dalmatian variety, and Celeste, Australis, 
La Tendresse, and Khedive are equally lovely and as 
modestly priced as one could wish. Yet there seems no end 
to desire; one has no rest for thinking of that fair Isoline, 
whose price the tiny root is a dollar and a quarter; of Shelf ord 
Chieftain and that fine group of lavender-blue Irises brought 
to life by Mr. Farr — Chester J. Hunt, Massasoit, Mary Gray, 
Glory of Reading, Juniata, and many others. Mr. Farr's pink 
seedlings also fill the soul with beatitude. How truly 

no 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

beautiful are these that range from tender rose-mauve to 
deep rose and claret — Wyomissing, Windham, Pauline, Mt. 
Penn, and Hugo. Beautiful, too, among the so-called pink 
Irises are Ed. Michel with very large flowers of warm wine- 
red; Lohengrin, uniform soft rose-mauve; and Mrs. Alan 
Gray, very tender in its colouring. All these are still 
rather costly but one is easily consoled with the older sorts. 
Queen of May, Her Majesty, Leonidas, and Madame Pac- 
quitte, which, were it not for those intriguing eulogies in 
the catalogues, would satisfy one's every desire. 

No flowers offer a lovelier accompaniment for Irises than 
do the new Lupines. Their beautiful spreading foliage is 
just the right foil for the svelte leaves of the Iris, their classic 
flower spike the perfect antithesis of the heavier Flag 
flower. Here we have mauve-pink Iris Her Majesty with 
creamy Lupines, the paler Queen of May with some of the 
delicately opalescent lavender sorts, deep blue Lupines with 
the fine chrome-yellow Iris aurea (variegata section), and 
pink Lupines in lovely association with the pure white Iris 
Innocenza. 

Canterbury Bells and Foxgloves are good company for 
Irises, the latter furnishing tactful companionship for the 
strange harmonies to be found in the variegata and squalens 
sections; gold and smoke colour and purple; crimson, brown, 
and dull yellow; gray and russet and white; fawn and 
maroon and amaranth and many more that give one pause 
when it comes to finding their proper niche among the less 
complex of the garden's children. 

Single Peonies in soft pink and old rose are delightful 
among the lavender Irises of the pallida group. They do not 

111 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

overpower the more frailly fashioned flowers as do the heavy- 
headed double sorts. Single flowers are to me nearly 
always more beautiful, and while I would not part with one 
of my dear apoplectic — the adjective is Maeterlinck's — 
double Peonies, I am glad to see the chaste singles and 
loose-petalled semi-doubles coming into favour. 

Other flowers that find a happy companionship among 
the Irises in my garden are Valerian, Oriental Poppies, 
Nepeta Mussini, Baptisia australis. Meadow Sage — its dull 
blue flower spikes are lovely with the mauve-pink Irises — 
Meadow Rue, old-fashioned Fraxinella, both the white and 
the pink sorts, and the simple border Roses. 

We have not seen half the garland in which June frames 
her laughing face; and many a sweet and lovely flower has 
been passed unnoted in our colour-bewildered progress. 
Truly it is not good to have too much at once; how grateful 
should we be for a single hour of this bountiful June day in 
white December! 



112 



CHAPTER VII 
ROSE COLOUR 



CHAPTER VII 
ROSE COLOUR 

Oho, my love, oho, my love, and ho, the bough that shows. 
Against the grayness of mid-Lent the colour of the rose ! 

— LizETTE Reese. 

IT SEEMS to me that few words register so pleasant an 
impression as rose colour. It reminds us of all sorts 
of pleasant things and circumstances and yet, like 
many other words we use freely, its meaning is vague. When 
we consider Roses themselves, we have them, 

Red as the wine of forgotten ages, 
Yellow as gold of the sunbeams spun; 
Pink as the gowns of Aurora's pages. 
White as the robe of the sinless one. 

And besides, flame and saffron and blush, cherry and cream 
and buff, crimson and scarlet — and which of these is "Rose" 
colour? 

If one orders a plant catalogued as "rose coloured," it is 
sure to arrive that dear besmirched hue — magenta. I have 
no quarrel with magenta, but I do not want it when my 
heart is set upon a delightful pink, and some spot in my 
garden is especially designed to hold it. Magenta is the 
skeleton in the closet of nurserymen and seedsmen and "rose 

115 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

colour" is the cloak they use to hide what they deem an 
unfortunate fact concerning certain of their offerings. It is 
partly this practice of sending out magenta for rose colour 
that has given the former a bad name. We order a rose- 
coloured Peony. It arrives a deep amaranth; and, while the 
Peony may be very beautiful, the mind cannot so quickly 
release its rosy vision and switch to appreciation of the more 
subtle hue. To me rose colour is that lovely colour tone 
worn by the wild Rose, those shy and exquisite creatures of 
the tangled wayside and high meadow, whose festal season 
Thoreau thought should have some preeminence, perhaps 
such special viewings as are accorded the Cherry blossoms 
in Japan. This pink of the wild Rose is at once the most 
luscious and delicate colour in all the kingdom of flowers, 
and it is all too rare. The fine climbing Rose, American 
Pillar, comes very near to being pure rose colour and there 
is a new one now, another gift by an American grower, 
which has all the grace and charm of the wild Rose com- 
bined with the climbing habit and vigorous constitution of 
the Rambler. Its name is America. 

The reign of pink is inaugurated in the garden with the 
festival of the blossoms. We have the full-costumed Peach- 
trees, the twisted, rose-wrapped branches of the Crabapples, 
the many exquisite forms of pink double-flowered Japanese 
Cherries and Plums, and around about their enchanting 
skirts in jaunty array are ranks and ranks of pink Tulips. 
But June is the season supreme for rose colour. Then we 
have the great mass of Roses, Peonies, Pinks, Poppies, Sweet 
Williams, and Pyrethrums; and while, in the later summer, 
there are Phlox and Hollyhocks and some good pink an- 

116 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

nuals, by autumn pink has practically vanished from the 
garden, leaving us but a memory of the rose-coloured days 
of June. 

In all our dealings with the garden it seems to me the 
part of wisdom to go along with Nature as far as we can. 
She is a rarely sympathetic collaborator, but to go against 
her means useless effort and often poor or indifferent 
results. Let us not try to have a blue garden or a yellow 
garden in late May and early June; let us revel in a pink 
one, seeking out all the best and loveliest of pink flowers 
and making them the foundation for our display, with the 
dim blues, the tender buffs and creams, the rich purples, 
fluffy whites, and silvery foliage plants used merely as foils 
to heighten or subdue our gracious breadths and trails of 
rose colour. 

None of the climbing Roses are so entirely charming as 
the pink ones, and there are some fine newcomers that 
should be added to the collection of older favourites. I have 
spoken before of the beautiful America; Coquina is another 
lovely single pink Rose with a white heart and a brush of 
golden stamens. Its foliage is thick and shining and almost 
evergreen. Lucile is a double-flowered Rose of the Rambler 
type with salmon-pink blossoms carried in large loose 
clusters. The little single Rose, Paradise, is most gay and 
sprightly in effect. The petals are rather narrow, widely 
flaring, and each is quaintly notched. The colour is pink 
and white and the blossoms are borne in great lax clusters. 

Of the other pink Roses none is more beautiful than Dr. 
Van Fleet, the blossoms of which are very large and the 
buds particularly fine. Wm. C. Egan is a good fully double 

117 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

pink Rose of the Rambler type, and Mrs. Flight is another 
of great merit. Dorothy Perkins blooms later in my garden 
than the other Ramblers and is lovely with the warm 
purple blossoms of Clematis Jackmanii unfolding among 
the fluffy pink draperies. Of single-flowered pink Roses 
there are a great many. My own favourites are Newport 
Fairy, that has the delicate beauty of a sea shell ; Tausend- 
schoen, very floriferous and softly tinted; Waltham Rambler 
and Empress of China, that looks like an Apple Blossom; 
and the beautiful American Pillar, a full, frank rose colour. 

To use these Roses freely means a brave garden for at 
least a month, and if we mass Delphiniums against them we 
have accomplished enough beauty for one season. 

Quite as important as anything else in the realm of 
garden colour is the wise choice of Roses in reference to 
what they are to climb upon. The beauty of many a full 
pink Rose is lost because it must lay its satin cheek against 
a crude brick wall. New red brick is utterly unsuitable as a 
background for pink or red Roses. The soft vinaceous 
purple or pinky-drab tones that time's transmuting touch 
bestows upon brick makes it a happy background for any 
colour; but new red brick is a problem. Pale blush and 
creamy Roses and vines of fluffy white flowers, like Clematis 
paniculata and the fine Knotweed, Polygonum baldschuan- 
icum, are the best for it. Again, buildings of that aggressive 
pumpkin colour that is popular in some districts should be 
hung only with white or creamy flowering vines. 

A white building offers the most delightful possibilities as a 
background for gay-flowered climbers. What is prettier than 
a white house smothered beneath pink and scarlet Roses of 

118 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

all shades, with the starlike flowering in May of Clematis 
montana, with ropes of purple Wistaria and some space 
left for the scarlet autumn hangings of Virginia Creeper. 

Stone, of course, furnishes as fine a background, and stucco, 
gray or white, is nearly as good. For pergolas and arbours 
white woodwork is the most effective though in my garden the 
long central arbour is stained so dark a green as to be almost 
black and takes its place in the garden pictures with force 
and beauty. In England I saw a circular Rose arbour 
painted very light apple green. Upon it grew white and 
pale lemon coloured Roses with now and then a great splash 
of purple Clematis, and in the narrow beds at the base of the 
posts were crowding purple and lavender Violas, delicate 
Ferns, and white Stocks. It was most unusually fresh and 
pretty. 

Some fine Roses and other climbers suited to pumpkin- 
coloured and red walls and to chocolate-coloured ones are: 
Roses Silver Moon, Alberic Barbier,' Gardenia, Trier, 
Bennett's Seedling, and Rene Andre; White Wistaria, Cle- 
matis Jackmanii, Henryii, montana and paniculata; Poly- 
gonum baldschuanicum; Honeysuckles of all sorts includ- 
ing the yellow-leaved variety; and Actinidia arguta. 

In the pink garden Peonies are next in importance to 
Roses. To-day the May-flowering Peony is neglected. In 
peaceful old gardens that remain unfretted by changing 
fashions and modern introductions we are apt to find huge 
bushes of the old May-flowering Peony or "Piny" as it is 
called in country neighbourhoods, Paeonia officinalis. In 
the Maryland garden where I grew up I remember that 
there were many clumps of these massed against the ever- 

119 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

greens that formed a windbreak for my mother's Rose 
garden. There was the "old crimson," which is yet one of 
my favourite Peonies and exhibits almost the richest colour 
that I know. There was a full pink sort that we children 
called the "strawberry-ice-cream Peony," and there was a 
loose-petalled white one, probably some garden form of the 
old double albiflora. 

When, after an interval of many years, this old gar- 
den in New York State became my home, I was happy 
to find those sweet and wholesome friends of my child- 
hood growing in the tangled dooryard — that is the crim- 
son and the "strawberry-ice-cream" were here, but not 
the white one. There are improvements upon these primi- 
tive sorts now offered us, but I have not had the opportunity 
to see them. Paeonia tenuifolia is a very fine warm-toned 
crimson Peony with deeply imbricated petals that blooms 
in May; it has a double form. Wittmanniana, obovata 
and albiflora Whitleyi are exquisite Paeonia species to be 
grown by those who care for the chaste beauty' of a shell-like 
flower with golden stamens. I believe they are not more 
difficult than other Peonies to grow, only requiring a rich, 
deep soil, light shade, and to be left quite alone. 

The Chinese Tree Peony (P. Moutan) flowers in early 
May. This is shrubby in character, though Mr. Reginald 
Farrer* says it "is less a shrub indeed, than incarnate 
beauty itself." After reading Mr. Farrer's description of 
the Tree Peony, I would not venture to attempt an account 
of its charms myself, so I will take the liberty of giving his: 
"The Tree Peony of the East is a loose, arrogant splendour; 

*"AIpines and Bogplants." 

120 



JUNE BOUNTY 

JUNE lOTH 



^TlHIS riot of colour is characteristic of June's 
_l lavish brush. The bright pink Rose on 
the arbour is Empress of China, the rich-hued 
Peony below it is Louis Van Houtte. The rest 
is a tangle of white Peonies Festiva maxima and 
Duchesse de Nemours, purple-flowered Cam- 
panula latifolia macrantha, the gay Pink Beauty 
Sweet William, and Nepeta Mussini. 

In April and May we have along the edge of 
this border a bright succession of bloom. Pat- 
ches of bright yellow Daffodils, Tulip Thomas 
Moore, hardy Candytuft, soft sulphur-coloured 
Alyssum, Sun Roses, and the new Anchusa 
myosotidiflora, growing both in the bed and down 
in the path among Foxgloves, Sweet Williams, 
and other rovers. 

The chronicle of this four-foot border is a gay 
one throughout the season. Midsummer finds 
it boasting bright yellow Evening Primroses 
(Oenotheras Young i and Afterglow), early white 
Phlox Miss Lingard, Monkshood, cmd Spiked 
Veronica for blue, brilliant Canada Lilies (Lil- 
ium canadense), and some yellow Sunflowers 
that have been removed many times but seem able 
ever to retain a foothold. 

Rich purple Michaelmas Daisies strike the 
last note here as in so many parts of the garden. 

In Plate No. 4- (May 1st) the spring version 
of this border may be seen painted from the 
opposite end. 




III! /ilfft Jja„ 






PLATE NO. 10 
SEE PLATE NO. 4 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

the flowers are vast, satin in texture and sheen, sometimes 
torn and fringed at the edges, sometimes double, sometimes 
single — but always of the most imperious yet well-bred 
loveliness, in every pure shade of colour from the white 
snows of Fuji at dawn, through faintest shades of pearl and 
pale rose to the growing ardours of coral, salmon, scarlet, 
vermilion, sanguine; and so on, into the deep tones of 
crimson, claret, and a maroon that deepens almost to 
black." I do not know who, after reading this, can resist 
adding these flowers to his garden and it is well also to 
heed Mr. Farrer's warning that the European grown Tree 
Peony is far inferior to those raised in China. 

Mrs. Basil Taylor* tells us that the Peony is too flam- 
boyant in its dyes to appeal to the sensitive Japanese, who, 
unlike the colour-loving Chinese, "revel in the pearly half- 
tints, the mauves and dove colours of their Irises and 
Wistarias, the pale rosy clouds of their masses of Plum and 
Cherry." But of late the Japanese has turned the magic 
of his art toward the Peony and has given us a new race 
distinct and aesthetic in type, dyed with the tender and 
illusive colours so dear to the people who send them forth, 
and exhibiting many charming irregularities of form, 
double, semi-double, and of the most delicate satiny 
texture. 

After contemplation of these frailly fashioned and gracious 
blossoms the June Peony seems somewhat coarse and heavy, 
yet it has its place and we should miss its opulent beauty 
that seems to typify the fulness of its birth month. Their 
name is legion and I do not know a great many, personally, 

•"Japanese Garden." 

125 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

but as this is a chapter to rose colour, I will give a list of 
the best pink ones that I have found. Madame Emile 
Galle is a French Peony of rare beauty. Its colour scheme 
is opalescent, delicate rose-lilac as to its outer petals, but 
paling to milk-white at the heart. It is a large, full flower 
of the flat rose type. Madame Calot wears the peculiarly 
charming silvery pink of the Hydrangea. This is also of 
the rose type, a tall, strong grower and very fragrant. 
Eugenie Verdier wears the same Hydrangea pink, but is 
attractively flecked with deeper colour. Madame Coste, 
Milton Hill, Madame Herve, Madame Forel, M. Jules Elie, 
are all fine pink Peonies. 

Lavender Irises of the pallida section are good to grow 
with these heavy-headed June Peonies. Some of the 
finest are pallida dalmatica, Albert Victor, Australis, Vio- 
lacea, Chester J. Hunt, and Blue Jay. 

Peony culture is most gratifyingly3 simple ; the requisites 
being only rich, deep soil and neglect. If they are planted in 
partial shade the blossoms will last longer in perfection, and 
some of the deep-toned sorts will be less apt to fade. 

Pyrethrums offer many shades of pink and rose colour 
for the May garden. For once I am fonder of the double 
form of a flower and find much charm in the compact many- 
petalled Pyrethrums, which are as yet rather rare in this 
country. The single sorts that are so good for cutting come 
easily from seed and form heavy clumps that last for many 
years. The single white Pyrethrum is too much like our 
own field Daisy to seem to belong to the garden. 

Potentilla formosa and the improved Miss Willmott give 
salmon-pink flowers over a long period, but while their 

126 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

foliage is good, they are a bit lax in habit to make good 
subjects for the borders. For other pink flowers at this 
season we have Sweet Williams and the shining Canterbury 
Bell, the pretty trailing Soap wort (Saponaria ocymoides), 
Heucheras, Oriental Poppies, Lupines such as Rosy Gem 
and Nelly, Dicentra spectabilis and D. eximia, Aquilegias, 
Pinks, and Thrifts. 

As the summer progresses we have Hollyhocks repre- 
senting pink in the garden. Where single Hollyhocks seed 
themselves there are many attractive forms developed, none 
prettier than those in which pink and amber blend, soft 
yellow Hollyhocks with warmly flushed centres like those 
in Plate 15. This pink and yellow association takes place 
charmingly in many flowers. It is particularly well ac- 
complished in various China and Tea Roses, in Snap- 
dragons, Lupines, and Sweet Peas, and while we may not 
manage it as cleverly as does Nature, still we may bring 
about some very attractive arrangements. Pink Lupines 
and yellow Foxgloves are good, groups of Tulips in soft 
shades of pink and yellow, pale Mulleins with such a Phlox 
as Peachblow. 

Fine pink annuals are numerous; the ashen pink and 
salmon pink Zinnias are good perpetual flowering plants 
for filling in the blanks left by biennials, or for planting 
among the clumps of steel-blue Sea Hollies, with which they 
are in pleasant accord. Clarkias and Godetias and of 
course Poppies have many rosy offerings. Many and 
beautiful pink varieties have Snapdragons, China Asters, 
and Stocks and there is a dainty pink annual flower well 
known to frequenters of the Paris flower markets called 

127 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Saponaria Vaccaria. It is most graceful in effect and 
delightful for bouquets. 

At the end of the season we must look closely to find a 
pink flower save where annuals continue or a Hollyhock 
still keeps a blossom or two. There may be a few 
groups of speciosum Lilies, but it is to the frail but hardy 
Windflower (Anemone japonica) that we are indebted for 
our last glimpse of rose colour, and to the little hardy 
Chrysanthemum, whose special quality of pinkness might 
not pass the standards of June but which at this season of 
departures and farewells wins from us no criticism, but only 
gratitude and affection. 



128 



CHAPTER VIII 
MIDSUMMER BLUE 



CHAPTER VIII 
MIDSUMMER BLUE 

Blue! gentle cousin of the forest green, 
Married to green in all the sweetest flowers. 

— Keats. 

WHEN I say blue I hope not to be taken too literally, 
for it is difTicult not to drift into bluish violet or 
toward that cool company of lavender-blues to 
which so many of the so-called blue flowers of garden books 
and catalogues belong. No colours are so confused as to 
nomenclature, and I think we should be grateful to Dr. 
Ridgeway, who, in his splendid "Colour Standards and 
Colour Nomenclature" gives us the opportunity to be 
definite if we so choose. 

There are comparatively few truly blue flowers; that is, 
blue after the cerulean manner of the Anchusa, or in the 
baby way of the Forget-me-not. But with the long blue 
days of summer comes a tide of colour to the garden, blue 
in feeling and in effect and grateful to the eyes because of 
its coolness of aspect in the trying heat and amidst the ever- 
increasing riot of gay colours. 

These blues are of many tones. The Campanulas mani- 
fest a range that may be characterized as "dim." They 

131 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

lean toward violet and have sometimes a sort of undertone 
of gray, and they are particularly cool and suave in effect. 
Early writers prefix the word "bleak" to such blues as 
these and I think it finely descriptive as were so many of 
their terms. Aconites, Veronicas, Platycodons, and the Globe 
Thistles (Eryngium and Echinops) belong in this class 
and they are perhaps the most easily harmonized of all 
flower colours. They seem to have no edges, but a melting 
colour quality like the blue of the distance. With them 
scarlet, orange, strong Tyrian pink, or magenta may be 
placed without fear of discord or too sharp contrast, often 
with strikingly beautiful effect. The pure red and pure 
blue of the spectrum used together give a very harsh con- 
trast, but placed with one of the cool blues spectrum red 
loses much of its truculence and becomes a softened thing. 

The colour of the wild Chicory is about the coldest 
blue. E. V. B. has well described it as "colour so cold, so 
pure, so spirit blue." It is a charming shade and Chicory 
would be invaluable in the garden, for it continues to 
expand its pretty round blossoms right up to the frost line 
were it not for its thin, tatterdemalion foliage that never 
will look anything but common. I enjoy Chicory in the 
sensible democracy of the herb garden and in sumptuous 
breadths in my neighbour's neglected fields and hope that 
some day a public-spirited hybridist will take this charming 
vagabond in hand and fit her for the select world within the 
garden walls. Some Hyacinths display this peculiar cold blue 
and make very pretty spring beds when edged with Arabis. 

Then we have the rich full blue of the Anchusa type, 
an exquisite scale, pure and uninfluenced, from the lovely 

132 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Neapolitan and Venetian blues, and even paler, to almost 
the depth of ultramarine, and approaching in some flowers 
the strength of what are called in the colour chart Smalt 
and Helvetia blues. For these pure blues — to which belong, 
of course, the loveliest of blue flowers, the Delphiniums — the 
happiest associations are flowers wearing soft shades of 
yellow and cream and buff, apricot and pink. 

There is something particularly appealing about a blue 
flower. This seems always to have been the case, for there 
is hardly a flower of this hue but has won for itself several 
intimate and affectionate pet names, showing the closeness 
of its life, whether in the garden or in the open, with the 
lives of flower-loving humanity. To-day this affection 
shows itself in a different manner; there is something like 
a craze for blue borders and even for whole blue gardens. 
Yellow and pink and white gardens there are occasionally, 
but in no such numbers as one sees and hears of blue ones. 
This in itself is well, for it shows appreciation of and draws 
attention to these best-beloved flowers; but it seems to me 
that from an aesthetic standpoint the segregation of blue 
flowers is a mistake. They, more than any others, need the 
flash of scarlet, the cloud of white, the drift of apricot or buff 
to kindle them into life and bring out their full quality. 

I have seen a good many blue borders' very consist- 
ently worked out, but the more successful they were as 
achievements the less pleasing they seemed as garden 
pictures. The prettiest blue border I ever saw was one 
wherein a few Nasturtium seeds had been accidently drop- 
ped, and between the iclegantly aspiring stalks of Larkspur 
and Anchusa one got little sparkles of flame and saffron 

133 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

and buff that endowed the blue flowers with a shimmering 
spirit that would certainly not have been theirs without 
those unbidden companions. 

There is some blue in the garden from the earliest spring. 
It begins with the Chionodoxas, Scillas, Grape Hyacinths, 
and Forget-me-nots that precede the Lungworts, creeping 
Veronicas, and Flax flowers; but perhaps the Italian An- 
chusa, with its several varieties, may be said to head the 
tide of midsummer blue, and right royally it holds its 
position. It belongs to the same family as do the potent 
Borage of the Herb Garden and the Viper's Bugloss that 
stains whole stretches of wasteland in certain sections with 
inimitable colour, to the wrath of the farmer and the de- 
light of the idle wayfarer. 

It may be said that the Anchusa has "taken the eye" of 
the gardening public, and bids fair to be as popular as the 
Phlox or the Delphinium. This is not surprising, for 
though we are puzzled by its capricious biennial-perennial 
tricks, the Anchusa faces our drought-ridden climate with 
supreme complaisance, for which alone we owe it a debt of 
gratitude. It is as indifferent to cold, too (though in heavy, 
damp soils it occasionally winter kills), and has a long 
period of cerulean flowering. There is about it, however, a 
certain indifference to garden standards that keeps it out 
of the ranks of the exquisites; a laxness of carriage, a ten- 
dency to flop on its neighbours, and its foliage is undeniably 
coarse. But there can be no fault found with the tints in 
which it decks itself. The old parent Alkanet, Anchusa 
italica, is satisfying enough as to blueness, but each succes- 
sive introduction — Dropmore, Perry's, Lissadel, Opal — seems 

134 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

to attain a more perfect hue. The Italian Alkanet has more 
the colour of the Gentian, while Opal is many shades lighter. 
We have Anchusas in splendid association with the old 
crimson Peony whose colour is so rich and deep; rising like 
an Italian sky behind a riotous pink garden Rose, in great 
felicity in front of a mauve-pink Clematis Ville de Lyon, 
among free-growing white Roses and gleaming Lemon 
Lilies, and in many another happy combination. 

Not long after the appearance of the Anchusa the 
Delphinium comes to outshine it in colour and form. Of all 
blue flowers these are the most lovely. There is no period 
of the year when the garden is so exuberantly beautiful as f^ 

that when there are climbing, tumbling, reaching Roses in 
all directions and spires and spires of Delphiniums gleaming 
against them or shooting upward like jets of blue flame 
to touch the fragrant sprays above. Every year there are 
many named varieties put forth by various nurseries. A 
modest gardener could not hope to keep up with them and 
it matters little, for a single packet of seed purchased of a 
reliable house will fill one's every desire for blueness. 
Those of the Belladonna type seem to me the loveliest. 
Cliveden Beauty is particularly conspicuous for its ex- 
quisite sky-blue colour and its grace of stalk, and others as 
lovely are Mrs. Thomson, Persimmon, Capri, and Mrs. J. S. 
Boonton, all with the satisfying colour and graceful habit 
of Belladonna. Other fine sorts are Lize van Veen (Cam- 
bridge blue). Queen Wilhelmina (pure sky blue), Mrs. 
Creighten, The Alaak (violet blue), and Somerset. 

I have never seen Delphiniums poorly placed, they seem 
so to grace every situation as to make inharmony im- 

135 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

possible, and yet there are degrees of effectiveness in the 
arrangement even of these ever-satisfying flowers. Two 
Delphinium pictures in my own garden please me particu- 
larly just now. A pale Larkspur is massed against the 
dark framework of the pergola over which showers a 
fluffy white Rose (Trier). In front of the Delphiniums are 
some spikes of Yellow Foxglove (Digitalis ambigua), and to 
the right a group of single buff-coloured Hollyhocks with 
pink hearts. Again sky-blue Delphiniums rise from a mist 
of feathery yellow Meadow Rue (Thalictrum glaucum), one 
of the most delightful of plants, against a background of 
pink climbing Roses and with a foreground of Baptisia 
bushes with their fine metallic leafage. 

Of the beauty of Larkspurs and white Lilies much has 
been written; I have spoken elsewhere of their splendid 
effect with Herring Lilies (Liliumcroceum), and there are two 
other Lilies that grow freely under ordinary garden condi- 
tions with which they are delightful. One is L. Hansoni, of 
waxen texture and pure orange colour lightly flecked, and 
the other is L. Brownii, warm ivory with pale chocolate ex- 
terior and bright orange stigmata. 

More use might well be made of the pretty hybrids of 
Delphinium grandiflorum. These are charming, fluttering 
things of but eight or ten inches in height that wear the 
loveliest shades of blue. As they bloom early the first 
summer from seed they may be treated as annuals, and the 
pretty blossoms enjoyed until frost. Azure Fairy and Blue 
Butterfly are well named. Cineraria marks a new type. Its 
flowers are a darker blue with a white inner circle and they 
are quite flat and spurless. 

136 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Some flowers fine in association with Delphiniums are 
yellow and creamy Mulleins, buff and pink Hollyhocks, 
Anthemis tinctoria, the Evening Primroses, Lemon Lilies- 
late flowering — Papaver rupif ragum with the dwarf Larkspurs, 
buff and flame coloured Snapdragons and Calendulas. And 
of course it is always to be remembered that preparation 
must be made for the time when the Delphiniums shall be 
cut down by planting Phlox, Baptisia, or some other reliably 
permanent plant in front of them. 

Blue and yellow is always a pleasant combination. To- 
day, June 28th, in my garden the foUowing are very pretty : 
Bluish-violet Canterbury Bells and yellow Foxgloves; Even- 
ing Primrose (Oenothera fruticosa) and Veronica incana; 
California Poppies and Salvia Bluebeard; Peach-leaved 
Campanulas and Linaria dalmatica; Nigella Miss Jekyl 
and yellow Snapdragons, self-sown. 

I have before spoken of the cool beauty of the Cam- 
panulas. Theirs is an indispensable family in the midsummer 
garden. Beginning with the wee C. pusilla, that in lieu of a 
rock garden we grow in the joints of the steps, up to the 
towering C. pyramidalis, I enjoy all that I know in one sort of 
position or another. Even the rather weedy sorts like C. 
trachelium, C. grandis, and C. rapunculoides when grown in 
semi-wild places create fine stretches of clean, cool colour. 

The Carpathian Hairbell (Campanula carpatica) is a 
pretty and useful plant for the front of the border, blooming 
from July until October. There are several very good 
forms of this; White Star is an improvement upon the 
ordinary sort, having saucer-shaped blossoms. C. carpatica 
coelestina wears a peculiarly soft shade of blue. 

137 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Perhaps the prettiest Bellflower is C. persicifolia, with 
its many stems of fragile bells. It has the usual violet- 
blue and white forms and if these are allowed to sow 
themselves about the garden we shall get intermediate 
shades all the way from the deepest blue to the curious 
skimmed-milk hue so often displayed by these inter- 
marrying Campanulas. C. lactiflora,* with its two fine 
varieties, E. Molineux (blue) and alba magnifica (white), 
is one of the most useful. The plants grow often six 
feet tall and have handsome foliage. They should be left 
without division as long as they are doing well. C. lactiflora 
blooms in August, just before the handsome biennial C. 
pyramidalis, and continues to develop blossoms for a long 
period if the old ones are cut off. The latter grows six feet 
tall and carries its splendid flowering well into September. 

Of the more strongly purple Bellflowers, C.latifolia macran- 
tha is a fine sort. It does not require division save every five 
or six years, and grows into splendid, strong clumps sending 
up many stalks of deep purple bells. This plant is effective 
with the feathery Spiraea Aruncus (or Aruncus Sylvester) 
and masses of pink Sweet WiUiams. Campanula glomerata 
is also a good purple sort and among the Canterbury Bells 
are several lavender and purple shades. All these Bell- 
flowers have white forms, but Canterbury Bell is the only 
one known to me that offers a luscious pink one. C. al- 
liarifolia is a white Bellflower of much beauty, though a 
bit rampageous for the select circle of the flower garden. 
It is a delightful wild garden plant. 

Platycodons are of these cool coloured midsummer 



* In heavy soil this plant sometimes winter kills. 

138 



THE LAUGHING FACE OF JUNE 

JUNE 20TH 



TTERE are Delphiniums, Anchusa, Goafs 
±j_ Rue, and an old garden Rose, the name of 
which I do not know, joyously flowering against 
the north wall. The Rose at the end of the path 
on the west wall is Newport Fairy and the one 
in the foreground is Waltham Rambler. 

This border appears full to overflowing yet 
turning to Plate No. 20 {August 6th) it is seen 
in quite a new dress. 

The spring saw many beauties also along this 
border: patches of Scillas and Snowdrops, a 
gleaming line of Poet's Narcissus with trails 
of Golden Alyssum, Arabis, and rich purple 
Aubrietia. Early May saw the front of the 
border fluttering with Columbines — pink, cream, 
mauve, and sky blue with feathery bursts of a 
little dwarf Spiraea (S. japonica, I think). At 
the path edge — self sown— flowered Iceland Pop- 
pies, Flax, and a tiny black Johnny-jump-up. 

Toward the end of May two great plants of 
the old-fashioned crimson Peony {Paeonia offi- 
cinalis) burst into rich-hued bloom beside the 
arbour post companioned by the gray-white 
blossoms of Iris florentina and the Anchusa still 
flowering in the opposite plate. 




PLATE NO. II 
SEE PLATE NO. 20 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

flowers and exhibit also the attractive bell form. The soft 
gray-blue ones are particularly effective massed in front of 
groups of such a scarlet Phlox as Coquelicot. The best of the 
blue Veronicas is spicata, with long spikes of deep blue 
flowers lasting in good condition for many weeks. It is an 
invaluable hardy plant; better in most ways than V. sub- 
sessilis which does not thrive in all gardens. V. spicata may 
be allowed to go without division for three or four years 
and is splendid among clumps of late-flowering Lemon 
Lilies, the July Phloxes Nettie Stuart and Miss Lingard, or 
creating a soft and lovely effect between hazy breadths of 
Gypsophila. Veronica incana presents a quaint gray and 
blue ensemble. It is dwarf in stature and consorts pleas- 
antly with scarlet Geums or bright elegans Lilies near the 
front of the border. The pretty trailing Veronicas — repens 
and prostrata — belong to May. 

There is a modest little blue flower of which I am fond 
that seems not to be very often grown. This is Cupid's 
Dart (Catanache coerulea). Unfortunately it is not reliably 
hardy in the vicinity of New York, but may be safely 
carried over in a frame and is well worth the slight trouble, 
for it blooms all summer, sending up from a tidy tuft of 
leaves many slender stems in quick succession bearing 
little Cornflower-like blooms of a fine shade of blue. Two 
Irises that are very blue in feeling are Iris orientalis Blue 
King and the great Monspur. Miss Jekyll gives Iris 
Cengialti as the bluest Iris. The old-fashioned Greek 
Valerian (Polemonium Richardsonii, P. humulus, P. rep- 
tans, P. caeruleum) is a blue flower of midsummer; also 
Spiderwort (Tradescantia virginica), with its strange three- 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

cornered blossoms; and Baptisia australis, which is one of the 
very best of hardy plants. 

Good blue annuals are quite numerous. One of the 
prettiest is the Cape Forget-me-not (Anchusa capensis). 
Not one of its cerulean family boasts a purer blue and its 
summer-long period of bloom and indifference to drought 
make it a really valuable annual. It has also a sturdy 
habit of growth and sowing its hardy seeds freely it does 
its best to become a permanent resident. Another beautiful 
blue flower and one rarely seen is Phacelia campanularia 
that bears its gentian-blue flowers with conspicuous white 
anthers about eight inches above the foliage. The seed is 
hardy, so may be sown early, and little patches of its pure 
blue flowers are very pretty mingled with buff Phlox 
Drummondi along the border edge. One might search far 
and not find a more appealing blue flower than the little 
Cornflower — Centaurea cyanus Emperor William. It is an- 
other generous self-sower, so generous that I am often 
under the sad necessity of rooting out the trusting green 
tufts from the walks. I let them stay wherever it is possible 
for they are among the flowers for which we have a special 
tenderness and nothing is prettier for cutting and placing 
in old blue and white china jars for indoor enjoyment. 
There are some very dwarf forms that make pretty edgings. 

Miss Jekyll's Love-in-a-mist (Nigella) is a choice blue 
annual too well known to require description, but Nemesia 
Blue Gem, a graceful foot-tall plant with slender stems and 
sky-blue flowers, is less familiar. Anagalis caerulea, six 
inches tall, and Nemophila insignis or Love Grove, four 
inches, are pretty for edges, the latter thriving best in damp 

144 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

shade. Borage is a lovely blue-flowered plant with gray 
foliage and quaintly shaped blossoms once much used as 
a pattern in ladies' needlework and often to be seen woven 
into the garlands of old samplers or tapestry work. And 
still we have the violet-blue of Browallia, the lavender-blue 
of the little blue Woodruff, that creates a delicate film of 
pale colour unsolicited in many parts of the garden; the 
blue and yellow and white of the wide-eyed Convolvulus 
tricolor, the dark violet-blue of Salvia horminium Blue 
Beard, the various blues of Lobelias, and the inimitable 
blue of Salvia patens. This plant is, in fact, a perennial, but 
in our climate must be treated as a tender annual and 
started indoors in March. 

Other blue flowers of the year are: Lupines, Aconites, 
Clematis Davidiana, Hyssop, Salvia azurea and S. uli- 
ginosa. Plumbago Larpentae, Lithospermum prostratum, 
Echinops Ritro, Eryngium planum, and E. Oliverianum, 
Pentstemon heterophyllus and P. glabra, Centaurea mon- 
tana, and Veronica amethystina. 

And while I should most certainly gather all these dear 
blue flowers into one garden or even into one border, I 
should plant with them scarlet and buff Tulips, yellow and 
white Iris, patches of the Spanish Poppy (Papaver rupi- 
fragum), groups of pale Mulleins and yellow Fig-leaved 
Hollyhocks, the delicate yellow Meadow Rue (Thalictrum 
glaucum), Geums, a few orange and scarlet Lilies, Gypso- 
phila. Valerian, Orange King Snapdragons, pale Calendulas, 
Torch Lilies, Montbretias, and other plants of like brave 
colouring. 



145 



CHAPTER IX 
FLOWERS OF LIGHT 



CHAPTER IX 
FLOWERS OF LIGHT 

There is gold for you. — Cymbehne. 

A S I have said many times I am not fond of gardens 
/% or borders devoted to one colour; but if ever I were 
J- M. tempted to make one it would be yellow in all the 
frank and pleasant tones from cream and buff and the bright 
butter yellows through apricot to the tawny ochreous 
shades, reaching now and then to flame. Not all blue 
flowers may be safely used in each other's company and 
but few pinks unless they are of the same scale; but all 
yellow flowers, like the light of which they seem to be 
fashioned, blend and combine or flash back at each other 
with never a jar to the most sensitive eye. They are the 
sunshine of the garden, and it is a pleasant fact that yel- 
low flowers are more plentiful than any others and that 
from the time of the delicate radiances of spring to the 
flaring up of autumn's beacons their illumination is un- 
dimmed. 

I like yellow flowers grown in full sunshine. They seem 
to gather glow from the great luminary and seldom bleach 
or shrivel before its warmth as do so many blue and scarlet 
flowers. As a matter of fact, the brightest yellow flowers 

149 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

nearly all grow naturally in full sunshine; those found in 
shaded places show usually a quite greenish tint as in the 
Yellow Aconite (Aconitum pyrenaicum) and the Winter 
Aconite (Eranthis hyemalis). 

As I have said, there are yellow flowers in plenty for all 
the gardening season, but in this chapter I wish to speak of 
a few that bloom at midsummer — that is from late June 
through July — a period which is a difficult one. 

Among the most lovely and useful of yellow flowers are 
the Day Lilies (Hemerocallis). Their colour is very pure 
and fine, and runs the scale from mild lemon colour to 
strong fuscous orange. The flowering season of the different 
varieties covers a period of nearly three months, and few 
plants grow with such hearty good will in all sorts of posi- 
tions, while none, known to me, are so free from disabilities 
of any kind, or the attacks of insects. Yet I seldom see any 
save the common Lemon Lily (Hemerocallis flava) made any 
great use of in gardens, and this, though truly lovely, is 
usually relegated to out-of-the-way places where more 
capricious things have scorned to grow. The Orange Day 
Lily (Hemerocallis fulva) we commonly see decorating the 
roadside near to some old garden, but its colour is magnifi- 
cent and it is well worth a place within the garden. 

These Day Lilies are particularly effective used as a base 
planting for spring-flowering shrubs. Their blossoming 
does not begin until that of the shrubs is past, when, if the 
different varieties have been used, they will keep the 
border bright until well into August. Among the Hemero- 
callis I should plant a few clumps of Campanula lactiflora 
and C. latifolia. Salvia Sclaria or Clary (an old-fashioned 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

biennial plant with full spikes of lavender flowers) a few 
Michaelmas Daisies, and Tritomas. These give a pleasant 
mingling of lavender, orange, and yellow that is effective 
against the background of shrubs, and the Michaelmas 
Daisies and Tritomas tone in finely with the reddening 
fohage as autumn advances. 

Some fine varieties of Hemerocallis with their periods of 
bloom are these: 

Pale Yellow. H. citrina, August; H. ochroleuca, July; H. graminea, 
eariy June. 

Full Yellow. H. Florham, late June; H. Sovereign, late June; H. flava 
major, early June; H. Thunbergii, late July; H. Gold Dust, June. 

Apricot Yellow. H. Apricot, June; H. Dr. Regel, early August. 

Orange. H. aurantica major, July; H. Middendorffii, May and June; 
H. Queen of May, June and July; H. fulva, July and August; H. luteola, 
July; H. fulva Kwanso, August. 

Orange with Bronze Exterior. H. Dumortieri, May and June; H. Aureole, 
July. 

The double orange Kwanso Day Lily is very striking 
and useful and flowers longer and later than any of the 
others, playing an important part in the rich-hued groups of 
the late summer. 

The Dalmatian Toadflax (Linaria dahnatica) is a good 
yellow-flowered plant of midsummer. It is diffuse and 
spreading in habit and displays a pretty colour scheme of 
pale yellow and gray. Knowing only too well its hardy 
relative, the gay Butter-and-eggs of the roadside — and I am 
constrained to add, of the garden — one is not prepared for 
the unreliable behaviour of the Dalmatian. Some seasons 
it thrives weU, spreading out into fine masses of glaucous 

151 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

foliage stuck all over with pretty lemon-yellow flower 
spikes for many weeks, but again it barely raises itself 
from the ground, sulking unaccountably. It comes easily 
from seed but is difficult to transplant so should not be 
disturbed without good reason. 

Two other plants of the season that show the pretty gray 
and yellow colour arrangement that is most cool and at- 
tractive looking in the midsummer garden are the yellow 
Meadow Rue (Thalictrum glaucum) and the Horned 
Poppy (Glaucium luteum). The former is a tall plant with 
clusters of small gray rue-like leaves spread out horizontally, 
and puffs of feathery citron-yellow bloom which appear in 
late June. The whole plant is charming and is particularly 
well placed among pale azure Delphiniums. Its foliage 
remains in good condition after the Delphiniums have been 
cut down. It is one of the plants having permanent value. 

The Horned Poppy is a bit of an enigma. It is certainly 
not reliably perennial, nor is it consistently biennial. It is 
probably a free spirit among flowers — tarrying where it is 
happy and taking itself off without notice when conditions 
are not just to its mind. While it stays it is a delightful 
revelation in silver and gold — very light gray leaves and 
fragile golden "Poppies" that open only to flutter away but 
blooming again before we have suffered from its inconstancy. 

In my garden is a bit of border the colour scheme of 
which is very grateful to the eye this warm Independence 
day. It lies against the dark arbour that is draped with 
Roses now past their prime and fading to soft ashen tints. 
The groundwork of the group is gray — Lyme Grass, 
Thalictrum glaucum, Lychnis Goronaria alba, and Echinops 

152 



THE HALF MOON POOL 

JUNE 28th 



nnHE bed about the overflowing pool is small 
£ but large enough to hold many pleasant 
things with thirsty roots. 

The Irises now in bloom are L monspur and 
the gold-banded Iris ochroleuca. Purple and 
white Horned Violets (Viola cornuta, vars. alba 
and G. Wenberg) edge the bed where earlier in 
the spring Forget-me-nots, Polyanthus Prim- 
roses, and the scented Gardenia-flowered Nar- 
cissus created a gay rim. 

In late May and early June the two handsome 
varieties of Iris orientalis (Snow Queen and Blue 
King), that flower with unusual freedom in the 
moist soil, create the picture; and in July a great 
clump of Rose Loosestrife in the corner against 
the low wall hoists its magenta plumes behind the 
rich blue flowers of Iris monspur that still linger. 

In August there are bold clumps of frosted 
Corfu Lilies (Funkia subcordata) in the corners; 
and for the rest of the season the pool bed is 
dependent for colour upon the sprightly Horned 
Violets that are more or less faithful until frost. 




PLATE NO. 12 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

sphaecrocephalus put in with a broad brush. In this 
quiet setting may be seen the yellow thistle-like heads 
of Centaurea macrocephala, the citron-yellow puffs of 
Thalictrum, Baptisia tinctoria with its creamy papilio- 
naceous flowers and pallid leafage, tall white and yellow 
Mulleins (Verbascum Miss Willmott and V. phlomoides), 
lemon-coloured single Hollyhocks, and masses of the early 
white Phlox Miss Lingard. All gray and yellow and white 
save where a single pale spire of Delphinium rises through 
the Thalictrums and where at the back some clumps of 
Lythrum Salicaria bring their lovely colour within the same 
vision scope. This group lasts long in beauty. The Holly- 
hocks, Mulleins, and Thistles tarry to mingle with the 
earliest Fall Asters that are set among them, until the cool 
yellow and white tones give way before the amethysts and 
purples of the later Michaelmas Daisies and the silver setting 
has new jewels in its keeping. 

Yellow and white flowers assembled together unfailingly 
give me pleasure. There is a fresh simplicity in their 
association that invigorates and refreshes the mind. The 
white Musk Mallow (Malva moschata alba) is a charming 
flower with a long period of bloom that I have in association 
with the yellow Aconite (Aconitum lycoctonum) and the 
early pink Phlox Nettie Stewart. The dainty white Cranes- 
bill (Geranium sanguineum alba) is lovely also among the 
lower growing Evening Primroses and California Poppies 
with a background of lavender Erigeron speciosus Quakeress. 
Other fine white flowers of the season for use among the yellow 
ones are Gypsophila paniculata, Galega officinalis alba. Phlox 
Miss Lingard, White Hollyhocks, Veronica virginica, Cam- 

157 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

panula lactiflora alba and C. latifolia alba, Verbascum Chaixii 
alba and Verbascum Miss Willmott, Lychnis Coronaria 
alba and the many varieties of Chrysanthemum maximum. 

Of all the yellow flowers of midsummer none are so 
indispensable as the Evening Primroses and the Mulleins. 
They have a long period of blossoming— fully two months; 
they are particularly adapted to our climate; and they are 
singularly radiant and shining in effect. The round 
blossoms of the Evening Primroses wear a full warm tone 
of yellow. A few, like the wild species of the roadsides, 
open at night only, and nearly all are more beautiful and 
striking as the shadows lengthen. Oenothera fruticosa and 
its variety Youngii form dense clumps of strong stems 
clothed with lustrous foliage and bear in greatest pro- 
fusion shining, bright yellow flowers. 0. glauca Fraseri 
is dwarfer, only a foot in height and flowers later in the 
season — sometimes well into September. The common 
0. Lamarckiana, that sometimes reaches a height of six 
feet, is well worth growing, though it is a furious seeder and 
is best planted in half-wild places where its persistent colo- 
nizing will be a delight to the eye and not a menace to one's 
choicest treasures. I have a handsome tall Evening Prun- 
rose, a form of Lamarckiana called Afterglow, that bloomed 
lavishly the first year from seed and continued right up to 
the arrival of frost. It is said to be perennial and hardy.* 

There are some trailing Evening Primroses with which 
one may make a bank gay, or plant along the edges of the 
borders. Two of these are 0. riparia and 0. missouriensis 

•A longer acquaintance with this plant proves that the roots are not hardy in the vicinity 
of New York, but the seeds are entirely winter proof and as they are freely produced, there 
are always plenty of young plants to be had each spring. 

15S 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

(syn. macrocarpa). The Evening Primroses are all native 
Americans and well suited to our climatic conditions. They 
love heat and sunshine, our burning droughts afTect them 
little, and they adapt themselves easily in dry soil where 
little moisture reaches them. 

The appreciation of Mulleins has but recently begun in 
this country. Our native Mullein (Verbascum Thapsus) 
is considered a very troublesome weed but its noble outline 
is one of the beauties of our country roadsides, where it 
often takes possession of raw banks, tufting them all over 
with its velvet leafage and rearing its yellow stalk — Witches 
Candles as they are sometimes called — with the finest deco- 
rative effects. 

Most of the Mulleins are of biennial duration, but like 
the Foxglove, when they are once established, they may be 
depended upon to sow their hardy seeds so that there will 
be plenty of young plants to carry on the midsummer il- 
lumination both in our own and in our neighbour's gardens. 

V. Chaixii is a perennial species that grows very tall — 
often eight or nine feet — with bright green leaves that appear 
early and yellow flowers rather larger than is the rule with 
Mulleins, that are decorated with purple filaments. V. 
Chaixii has a white variety which is very handsome. 

V. olympicum is a magnificent plant with bright yellow 
flowers and woolly leaves. It is a biennial, or perhaps one 
should say triennial, for it flowers the third year from seed. 
It grows from six to ten feet tall. 

V. phlomoides is perhaps the best of all the species. Its 
yellow flowers have a warm tone and last for many weeks. 
It blooms fully two weeks before V. olympicum. 

159 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Of hybrid Mulleins there are a number in various fine 
colours. One of the best is Miss Willmott, soft ivory- 
white; A. M. Burnie is a charming shade of yellowish 
apricot; Harkness Hybrid is bronze and yellow; and New 
Departure is reddish bronze. 

For small gardens there are no prettier hardy plants than 
the varieties of Verbascum phoeniceum that grow only 
three feet tall and show many pretty tones of rose and 
violet, lilac and white in the flowers. 

No plants of the whole summer through are more pic- 
turesque than the Mulleins. They are suited to formal or 
natural planting, giving a strong fine line wherever they are 
used. In the garden they are best at the back of the 
borders, but in waste places they may stand boldly in the 
open to shine against the sky. Their flowering season lasts 
fully two months and in partial shade the individual blos- 
soms last long in perfection. The first time I saw the 
Greek Mullein it was grown in irregular groups along a 
ferny bank that flanked a woodland walk, and the tender 
green gloom seemed alight with its radiance. 

There are many other fine yellow-flowered perennials of 
midsummer, among them Aquilegia chrysantha, Digitalis 
ambigua, Rudbeckia speciosa or Newmanni, Achillea fili- 
pendulina, Thermopsis Carolina, Althaea ficifolia, and the 
yellow varieties of Lilium elegans. 

For sunny effects use should be made of the many lovely 
yellow Gladiolis, the charming "primulinus hybrids" that 
are so light and graceful in effect and now and then exhibit 
lovely rose and copper tones that are in no way out of 
place among the soft yellow shades, and such other good 

160 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

sorts as Isaac Buchanan, Sunrise, Golden King, Schwaben, 
Klondyke, and Easter Bells. These are particularly fine 
among flowers of deep blue colouring — Veronica spicata, 
Aconite, Salvia pratensis. 

Good yellow annuals are many. Besides the Marigolds, 
lemon yellow and burnt orange Zinnias, gay California 
Poppies, the Calendula — so truly gorgeous in its new 
forms — there are a few that are not so well known. Of 
these the yellow Bartonia aurea (or correctly, I believe, 
Mentzelia Lindleyi) v/ith its glowing cup-shaped flowers 
so enjoyed by bees. The Mexican Prickly Poppy, too, 
Argemone mexicana, is a lovely thing with its crinkled 
yellow "Poppies" and gray foliage. It is a troublesome weed 
in its own country and might become so here — but both this 
and the white variety are charming for half-waste places. 

The two annual Erysimums (E. Perofskianum and E. 
asperum arkansanum) are pretty enough for the best 
of gardens. They are bright orange and mustard yellow 
respectively in colour, are very like Wallflowers in form, 
are sweet scented, and self-sow freely. 

The California Lupine (Lupinus Menziesii) forms a 
handsome bush with spikes of soft yellow flowers. Two 
other very pretty Californians are Layia elegans and 
Limnanthus Douglasi. The former is a delightful sprawling 
little plant about eight inches in height that bears the 
quaint name of Tidy Tips. Its yellow flowers are slightly 
fringed. Limnanthus has little fine-petalled yellow flowers 
that are deUcately scented and much sought by bees. It 
makes a pretty edging in poor soils and should be sown 
twice for a succession. 

161 



CHAPTER X 
COLOUR BY THE WATERSIDE 



CHAPTER X 

COLOUR BY THE WATERSIDE 

- There is a willow grows aslant the brook, 
That shows his hoar leaves in the glassy stream. 

— Shakespeare. 

IT IS simply as a lover of colour that I approach this 
subject; not along the path of the landscape archi- 
tect, no branch of whose art, it seems to me, re- 
quires at once so deft a touch, such power of imagery, or 
such sensitiveness to proportion as does the effort to bring 
to its finest expression the union of shore and water. I 
venture only to advance the suggestions that the planting 
of lake or stream margin be after the manner of Nature at 
her best; that the disposal of trees and shrubs and plants 
be upon a broad and gracious plan without petty repetitions 
at regular intervals; that land extending into the water 
should be planted high to invest the shoreline with some 
sense of mystery, and that there should be ample stretches 
where the water, with its enamelled reflections, is plainly 
to be seen. 

No variegated or purple-leaved shrubs or oddities of any 
sort are suitable for such situations, and only those species 
should be chosen that grow naturally by the waterside. 

It has been my good fortune to dwell where I could ob- 

165 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

serve throughout the year the beauty and fitness of Nature's 
chance planting by stream and lake margin and in broad 
stretches of marsh, and while one wants to cut away her 
too rank thickets of Alder and Viburnum, and extend the 
sweep of burning Cardinal Flower, there is grace and mean- 
ing in her choice of material and even in her limitations 
and excesses. Daily in winter I pass a bit of marshy 
stream margin that fills me with a sense of deepest satis- 
faction. Here, among the warm brown and yellow grasses, 
spring tall and closely massed the bright orange stems of 
Willows; in front are the rich red stems of the Red Osier 
Dogwood, and stretching away against the cold blue sky 
of winter the warm brown wood of Viburnums. When 
snow covers the neutralizing grasses my picture shines with 
arresting brilliance. 

No trees or shrubs are so well adapted for use by the 
waterside as the various Willows. It is their natural 
abiding place and here only are their special qualities of 
soft colour and delicate line brought to their best de- 
velopment. Salix vitellina aurea, the Golden Willow, has 
bark of a warm orange tone that deepens to brilliance in 
expectation of the young leaves in early spring. It has a red- 
twigged form that appears very like Cornus alba in the 
winter landscape, the variety Britzensis, and there is, I 
believe, a variety with soft bluish stems called Colorado. 
The beautiful White Willow with its silvery leaves is 
related to these and grows to a great height. I remember a 
fine planting of White Willows on the lake shore at Mr. Wil- 
liam Robinson's place, Gravetye, England. The trees were 
finely grouped and the masses of soft silvery foliage were 

166 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

very beautiful seen from the opposite side of the lake. 
Salix nigra is the native Willow that oftenest grows to a 
tree of great size. 

The forward little Pussy Willow (S. discolor) is, of course, 
beloved by all and indispensable to hearten us during 

That weary time that comes between 
The last snow and the earliest green. ■ 

Many Willows have conspicuously silvery foliage. One of 
these — more shrub than tree — is the Rosemary Willow (S. 
rosmaririifolia), with feathery branches and softly tinted 
narrow leaves. Unfortunately this is one of the Willows 
often sold grafted on a hardy stock and so some trouble must 
be taken to keep down the suckers until the desired plant 
has become established on its own roots. The Rosemary 
Willow is most beautiful planted as a broad background for 
a sweeping mass of Rose Loosestrife (Ly thrum Salicaria). 

Both Dogwoods and Viburnums number among their 
ranks shrubs and low trees having brightly coloured bark 
for winter colour. The best of the Dogwoods for this 
purpose is the Siberian (Cornus alba), whose blood-red 
stems gleam strangely against the snow and seem, at the 
approach of spring, to derive from their reviving life forces 
almost the quality of flame. 

Our native Red Osier (Cornus stolonifera) is almost as 
highly coloured, and though its blossoms are not as fine as 
some others of its group, should be extensively planted for 
winter brightness. Cornus asperifolia has warm brown 
twigs; C. Amomum, dull purple; and C. circinata and C. 
alternifolia, fresh green. And all have attractive blossoms, 

167 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

good foliage that colours finely in the fall, and ornamental 
fruit to contribute to the passing seasons. I have spoken 
in an earlier chapter of planting Primroses, Forget-me-nots, 
Daffodils, and other early spring flowers among those shin- 
ing stems. Marsh Marigolds grow freely in such a position 
and aregay among the unfolding fronds of young marsh Ferns. 

The Viburnums are handsome in flower but their chief 
glory is the fine colouring of their autumn dress. The 
Highbush Cranberry* is a good example. The memory of its 
creamy blossoms is quite effaced when the irregular bush 
hangs itself all over with flaming scarlet berries that shine 
brightly through the dull red, bronze, and purple garment 
of its autumn leafage. V. cassinoides is perhaps the best 
of the shrubby Viburnums for the waterside. If given the 
opportunity it assumes a fine form and its changing berries, 
first green and then rose, then blue-black, are very ornamen- 
tal. Viburnum lentago (Sweet Viburnum), Sheepberry or 
Nanny-bush, as it is variously called, is a small tree that devel- 
ops a beauty of line and proportion, when given sufficient space, 
quite'unsuspected bythosewho know only its huddled, twisted 
aspect in the crowded environment of the marsh. There is 
a delicate, creamy beauty in the flowers of the Sweet 
Viburnum that distinguishes it above others of its family 
and in the autumn its dark fruit and ardent colouring again 
give us pleasure. 

Among the Birches we have Betula nigra that thrives 
even where inundations are common. B. lenta with its 
spicy-tasting, smooth, dark bark and graceful habit will also 
grow along the banks of streams or lakes and is a particu- 

* Viburnum opulus also called Guelder Rose. 

168 



A FAVOURITE COMPOSITION 

JULY 1ST 



PLATES No. 3 (April 28th) and No. 7 
(May 21st) have shown the earlier dis- 
plays offered by this bit of ground and now we 
have this happy arrangement of Yellow Meadow- 
rue {Thalictrum glaucum). Delphinium, and 
Lyme Grass against the fading pink Rose Mrs. 
R. W. Flight that festoons the arbour. 

Between the clumps of Meadow-rue are planted 
a few roots of the pinkish Michaelmas Daisy 
Novelty, which, in October, adds its heads of 
heath-like blossoms to the setting of soft gray 
foliage. 

This pleasant picture lasts well into Novem- 
ber and is the more precious as the brighter 
colours of the garden give way before the frost. 




PLATE NO. 13 

SEE PLATES NOS. 3 AND ^ 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

larly striking figure in autumn when its foliage turns a 
clear bright yellow. But none is so charming as the Paper 
Birch (B. papyrifera), its straight, cream-white trunk re- 
flected upon the surface of the water and its slender branches 
drooping above a carpet of golden Daffodils; or again a 
radiant revelation when in autumn its delicate leafage col- 
ours to a warm amber. 

Nyssa sylvatica, the Sour Gum or Tupelo, is a moisture 
lover. It is a slow-growing tree but is so handsome when its 
leathery leaves turn to flaming scarlet that it is worth 
waiting for. The Tupelo is often to be seen a solitary, 
dominating figure in pastures or fields for some reason 
spared when other trees were sacrificed before the march of 
agriculture. And it is thus it shows to best advantage. It 
is not a tree for crowded places and by the waterside should 
stand alone to reach out its horizontal, slightly drooping 
branches to their full bent. 

The Liquidamber, or Sweet Gum, is also a striking tree 
but less hardy than the Tupelo and quite different in ap- 
pearance. Its leaves are somewhat like those of the Maple. 
Harriet Keeler says the "autumnal foliage is not simply a 
flame, it is a conflagration." Both the Tupelo and the 
Liquidamber are difficult to transplant, so quite small speci- 
mens are best for experiment. 

There is not here sufficient space to touch, save lightly, 
upon the many fine trees that will grow beside and beautify 
our water margins. There is the Cockspur Thorn (Cratae- 
gus Crus-galli), with its curiously directed branches so dis- 
tinct when leafless; the Swamp Maple (Acer rubrum), that 
touches with a scarlet finger of warning the winding length 

173 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

of our little river before our hearts have had enough of 
warmth and sunshine, but ministers to our eagerness in 
spring by the haste of its rosy flowering; the White Poplar 
with its slim, straight stalk and restless, silver-lined leaves; 
and the strange Tamarack, the deciduous conifer, that 
makes the swamps in northern New Jersey so unpregnable 
to the rambling pedestrian. Nor need we lack true ever- 
greens in low, damp places, for the Norway Spruce and the 
Douglas Fir thrive whole-heartedly in such situations and 
I know from observation in my own neighbourhood that 
the slun Red Cedar rears its strict proportions in many a 
veritable bog, shouldering the Viburnums and Dogwoods 
like one born to the marsh. 

Of fine shrubs for our water margin there is no end. The 
exquisite white Swamp Azalea (Azalea viscosa) with its 
penetrating fragrance creates charming groups with a 
long flowering in July and August; its lovely sister of the 
earlier year, the Pinxter Flower (Azalea nudiflora), shakes 
out its rose-coloured scarf of airy, fringy flowers along the 
pond to the delight of all loiterers by the way; and the 
Rhodora, Emerson's "rival of the Rose," that haunts the 
sluggish streams of the northeast and is a truly beautiful 
shrub. Thomas Wentworth Higginson wrote of the 
Rhodora thus happily, "On the margins of some quiet 
swamp a myriad of bare twigs seem suddenly overspread 
with purple butterflies, and we know that the Rhodora is in 
bloom." 

Others of the Heath family suitable for our purpose are 
the Swamp Laurel (Kalmia glauca) a low, slender-stemmed 
evergreen with lilac-pink flowers in April or early May, and 

174 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

the bell-hung swamp Leucothe (Leucothoe racemosa), which 
in Garden & Forest is described as a "fast-growing shrub 
which sometimes attains a height of ten feet; its slender 
branches are covered with dark green leaves which late in 
the autumn, long after those of every other tree and shrub 
cultivated in gardens have fallen, assumes a beautiful and 
brilliant scarlet colour." And still we have the shy Swamp 
Rose (Rosa Carolina); the scented Spice Bush that reaches 
its branches lovingly out over the water; the fragrant 
Sweet Pepper Bush (Clethra alnifolia) with spikes of white 
blossoms late in the summer; the scarlet-berried Indian 
Currant (Symphoricarpos vulgaris) ; The Button Bush (Ce- 
phalanthus occidentalis) with its white spherical blooms 
that turn a warm terra-cotta as they mature, and the two 
water-loving Spiraeas, S. tomentosa and S. salicifolia (the 
Meadow Sweet). 

Plants for the water margin are most effective if they 
exhibit the rushlike foliage or spiry blossoming that is 
characteristic of so many water-loving plants. Few are 
handsomer than our native Cat-tail (Typha latifolia), and 
the water Irises show the same sort of slender, grasslike 
foliage with the added beauty of splendid flowers. In our 
admiration for the great Japanese Iris I think we are apt 
to overlook the many other good kinds that enjoy the same 
sort of position. Iris ochroleuca, comfortably established in 
wet places, grows nearly six feet tall and bears great thick 
ivory-coloured blossoms with a gold band at the base of the 
falls. Near this we might have a plantation of Iris aurea, 
with its buoyant, butter-coloured blossoms, and near again 
the great Monspur, with deep blue blossoms and the hand- 

175 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

somest foliage of all water Irises. Other water-loving kinds 
are the Siberians, the orientalis group, and I. Delavayi, I. 
Monnieri, and I. monaurea. The last two are of the fine 
type of Monspur. Masses of pure white Siberian Irises 
with their delicate poised blossoms are particularly beautiful 
following the shore of lake or stream with a background of 
good green shrubbery. For broad planting none are better 
than our native I. versicolor and the Yellow English flag 
(I. pseudacorus). 

Next to the Irises in importance for waterside planting 
are perhaps the Spiraeas and Astilbes that show the magenta 
colour scale so finely, and provide so many fleecy white 
varieties to mingle with it, to the betterment of both. 
Some of the new Astilbes, known as "Astilbe Arendsi hy- 
brids," are particularly handsome, running the scale from soft 
creamy pink to warm crimson-violet. This is a favourite 
colour of the marsh and is nowhere else more happily dis- 
played. Seen across a body of water these flowers of the 
magenta order assume an exquisite softness, merging into 
the surrounding colours without obvious demarkation. 
Astilbe Davidi and A. grandis are quite imposing in their 
height, sometimes attaining six feet if suited, and bearing 
respectively reddish-purple and white plumes. The Spiraeas 
are closely related and offer many good species suited to 
our purpose. 

For a tall subject one could scarcely find anything more 
striking than our native Joe Pye (Eupatorium purpureum) 
with its encircling ovate leaves and great soft-coloured 
flower heads. It is so impressive a feature of the autumn 
landscape, towering upon the borders of the marsh or stream, 

176 



MY GARDEN CELEBRATES 

JULY 4TH 



n~^HIS patriotic arrangement of Delphiniums, 

J. English Field Poppies, and early white 

Phlox Miss Lingard came about by chance. 

It is a region generally given over to much gray 

foliage and soft-hued flowers. 

The border edges are bound with velvet-leaved 
Woundwort (Stachys lanata), Nepeta Mussini, 
gray tufts of Pinks, and cascades of the " Moonlit " 
creeping Phlox, behind which the great lavender 
cups of Tulip Nora Ware open in May with a 
few pale yellow ones (Miss Willmott). A large 
standard Wistaria flowers with them. 

A little later clumps of pink Oriental Poppies 
flower in lovely harmony with the Lyme Grass 
and tall stems of gray-pink Valerian. Their 
subsequent defection is covered by a haze of Gyp- 
sophila paniculata as seen in the present picture. 

Later still lavender Fleabane (Erigeron spe- 
ciosus) and tall pale Mullein Miss Willmott, 
white and buff and pale pink Hollyhocks make 
the picture; and in the autumn this whole region 
is hidden beneath clouds of lavender, purple, 
and pale mauve Michaelmas Daisies. {Plate No. 
£4. October 10th.) 








|/|^Ur itotf tt ♦, 



PLATE NO. 14 
SEE PLATE NO. 24 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

among Boneset, Milkweed, and tall coarse Ferns, and often 
most nobly grouped; the wonder is that it is not more 
frequently made use of in artificial planting. Too often we 
make the mistake of trying for a bold effect by the use of 
some unwilling alien, bold enough in its native habitat, but 
sadly deficient when taken from it, when we have at hand 
the plant best fitted to bring about the desired effect, 
that will grow with the joyous luxuriance of the materi- 
ally and spiritually at peace. Truly 

Eyes of some men travel far 
For the finding of a star. 

Our country is rich in valuable material for the garden, 
but nowhere is it more conspicuously gifted than in its 
broad marshes and along the water courses and lake shores. 
We need not bring in a single stranger to achieve a water- 
side garden of the greatest interest and variety. There are 
the vibrant Swamp Lilies (L. canadense and L. superbum), 
the Culverwort, Meadow Rue, Physostegia, Bergamot, 
Mallows, Turtle-head, Willow Herb, Meadow Parsnip, 
Loosestrife, Marsh Marigolds, Violets, Gentians, and, 
among many more, the two Lobelias. 

I know a little path — rather oozy — that threads its 
narrow way across a bit of marsh among pressing black- 
berry bushes, Swamp Roses, and Viburnums, that no fear 
of snakes prevents me from traversing in early September 
to enjoy the glory of blue colour that winds with it. Almost 
it seems that the extravagant hand of man must have 
accomplished this lavish planting of the great blue Lobelia. 
Few flowers boast a finer colour — not even its Red Indian 

181 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

brother that stalks the shady stream-sides, startling us 
with the fire of his war paint, is more striking. 

These are all for broad planting and to be left practi- 
cally to themselves; but in the treasure store of our country 
are many other plants which will require more special 
conditions and which should be bestowed about in nooks 
and corners to be visited and enjoyed in the season of their 
flowering as something rare and particularly interesting. 
There are all the strangely beautiful creations belonging to 
the Orchidaceae — the quaint Ladies Tresses (Spiranthes) ; 
the Rattle-snake Plantain (Goodyera), with its uncomfort- 
ably suggestive leafage; the exquisite Arethusa, whose 
colour Thoreau describes as "crystalline purple"; the pure 
pink, violet-scented Pogonia and its almost invariable 
companion, the mauve-pink Calopogon; and the many 
handsome Orchises grouped under the head of Habenaria 
and of course the Cypripediums. And besides these we 
may have the Pitcher Plants and Sundews, Spigela, Sabatia 
and Grass of Parnassus that will tax our ingenuity to es- 
tablish in the ordinary marsh. 

No dissertation upon waterside planting would be com- 
plete without mention of the blue Pickerel Weed that veils 
the shore in such lovely colour from late July onward. 
Its stiff flower spikes rise out of the shallow water in closely 
packed masses and are often accompanied most harmon- 
iously by the white-flowered Arrowhead. The yellow 
English Flag (Iris pseudacorus) will also grow with its 
feet in the water as will the Water Arum (Calla palustris). 
Cat-tail, Golden Club (Oronticum aquaticum). Sweet Flag 
(Acorus Calmus), the curious Burr Reeds (Sparganium), 

182 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

the Water Plantain (Alisma plantago) whose fresh leafage 
is beautiful, and others. 

I feel very strongly that the use of blue and yellow and 
pink Water Lilies should be confined to formal pools in 
"dressed" portions of the grounds. Used upon natural 
bodies of water, where the surrounding planting is largely 
of native shrubs and plants, they ever have an alien look 
to which no pleasure in their peculiar beauty can reconcile 
us. Whereas the white Lily floats among its shining pads 
like the exquisite spirit of the wild world, absolutely harmon- 
ious with its surroundings, at peace with all about it. 



183 



CHAPTER XI 
THE POOL IN THE GARDEN 



CHAPTER XI 
THE POOL IN THE GARDEN 

When I bring to you coloured toys, my child, I understand why there is 
such a play of colours on clouds, on water; and why flowers are painted 
in tints — when I give coloured toys to you, my child. — Tagore. 

NOTHING so surely adds charm to the expression of 
the garden as a pool, even of quite small dimensions. 
Thoreau wrote: "A lake is the landscape's most 
beautiful and expressive feature. It is the earth's eye." 
A pool is the eye of the garden in whose candid depths is 
mirrored its advancing grace. My own little pool is a half 
moon against the garden wall. Into it, from the mouth of 
a mild-faced lion, falls a garrulous trickle that threads the 
heat of summer days with a strand of freshness and relief 
and breaks in upon our consciousness with a sense of gay 
companionship. It is a small aiTair, but in the bed about 
its overflowing rim is room for many treasures. Here 
grow water Irises of various kinds: the fine rich blue Iris 
monspur, I. aurea with its fluted yellow blossoms, I. Snow 
Queen, and the splendid gold-banded Iris, I. ochroleuca, 
that sometimes reaches a height of six feet. Against the 
wall is a clump of Loosestrife for July flowering and about 
it are some plants of the little Spiraea japonica that bloom 

187 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

before the Irises in June, Here and there is a group of 
Primula pulverulenta that delights in the damp spot; and 
everywhere else, pushing their way among the perennials, 
and carpeting the ground, are alert Horned Violets and 
self-sowing Forget-me-nots (Myosotis sylvatica) through 
which rise in early May the lovely blossoms of the Gardenia- 
flowered Narcissus. 

The plants thrive so heartily in the genial dampness of 
this bed that we must be forever thinning them out, for 
we would not have them gather so closely about the rim 
of the pool as to hide the water with its attendant re- 
flections. These reflections are full of charm and suggestion ; 
sometimes the Japanese Cherry enamels a rare design upon 
the quiet surface of the pool; again will be a gay pattern of 
Yellow Flowering Currant and Peach Blossoms upon a 
blue sky ground. To-day my half-moon pool looks like a 
Japanese fan with an encircling design of blue and white 
Irises and a roseate glow caught from the Rose pergola 
over the way. To-night the dark surface will be powdered 
with star shine. 

We do not require a great expanse of water to add this 
pleasure of reflections to the Ust of our garden joys. A 
little round or square pool, or a trio of little rectangular 
pools; a half moon of a pool, a well head, or even a bird 
bath will compass it in some degree. And there is no reason 
why we should not plan a bit for delightful reflections — 
arrange the Cherry or Hawthorn pattern, place our 
Irises and Lupines where the pool may mirror their fine 
designs, and leave the rest to the wind and the clouds. 

I should always plant a flowering tree near a pool — one 

188 



HOLLYHOCKS AND DELPHINIUM 

JULY 7TH 



n^HE Rose on the arbour is Trier, the Rose 
J over the gate is Wm. C. Egan. The buff 
and pink Hollyhocks are the result of chance 
crosses between the yellow FigAeaved Hollyhock 
{Althaea ficifolia) and the ordinary pink and 
crimson sorts. Phlox Elizabeth Campbell and 
Aster Climax are set behind the Hollyhocks 
and a few white Musk Mallows Just in front. 

White and pink Peonies are along the edge 
of this bed for earlier bloom with the pretty pink 
and white Cottage Tulip Picotee planted in 
groups between and showing charmingly among 
the crimson Peony shoots at the time of their 
flowering in early May. 

The Delphiniums and Yellow Foxgloves {Dig- 
italis ambigua) of the picture are in another 
bed across a narrow path. The Foxgloves 
are interplanted with Sea Lavender {Statice 
latifolia), whose great heads of lavender mist- 
like bloom expand in August and hide the de- 
capitated stalks. 

About the Delphiniums grow Campanula 
lactiflora alba magnifica, and the beautiful 
russet Helenium autumnale rubrumfor late sum- 
mer and autumn bloom. 




PLATE NO. I J 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

with graceful, reaching branches — and I should encourage 
the young stem to lean toward the pool that its beauty 
be given us again from the clear water and its shadow lend 
variety to the quiet surface. When the pool is set in an 
open space of grass it creates, with the little spreading tree, 
a most delightful picture, and even a quite formal garden 
might be the more approachable for such a bit of captivating 
inconsistency. 

Quite different, but even more fascinating and suggestive, 
are the pools of Italian gardens, where only the moon dares 
brave the sombre guardianship of the sentinel pines to lie 
upon the surface of the darkened water. These, too, we 
may have, by marshalling slim Red Cedars about our little 
basin — quite large ones may be transplanted with care — 
and will soon create something of the brooding atmosphere 
of mystery that one associates with the garden pools of 
Italy. 

Here, as by the broader natural waterside, plants of 
slender rushlike growth and spirelike blossoming give the 
best effect. Lupines are particularly happy in such a 
position if the soil is not actually wet, and cast classic 
reflections. Here, too, we shall enjoy the silvery foliage and 
blue-green reflections of the Sea Lyme Grass (Elymus 
arenarius). 

For a damp bed about the pool in the garden we have 
a wide choice of plants. All the Lemon Lilies will thrive 
here, but it is best to choose some of the finer sorts like 
Hemerocallis Florham, H. citrinum, or H. luteola major, 
that are not in quite such haste to populate the world. 
There the Globe Flowers attain fine proportions and glowing 

193 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

colour; all the Astilbes and herbaceous Spiraeas thrive 
whole heartedly, as do the beautiful native Physostegias — 
mauve-pink or white. And Mallows, Funkias, many kinds 
of Iris including the slim Siberians, the yellow-leaved 
Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus variegatus), Boconia cordata — 
if the pool is large — and the Virginian Cowslip (Mertensia 
virginica) will be found appropriate and well suited. In 
between the larger subjects may be tucked all kinds of 
Forget-me-nots, many different sorts of Primula, Horned 
Violets, and the dainty Anemone rivularis. 

The soft magentas and mauve-pinks worn by so many of 
the Spiraeas and Astilbes are particularly felicitous used 
by the waterside, the passive tones seeming to merge im- 
perceptibly into the almost colourless tints of the water. 

There should always be a seat near by the pool in the 
garden that we may linger a while to enjoy the beauty of 
the mirrored flowers. Thoreau says we see reflections only 
when in an abstract mood. In our rambling trips about the 
garden the mind is distracted by a thousand sights and 
sounds, but where there is a seat we are apt to linger, and 
when we linger in the garden the abstract mood is sure to 
fall upon us like a magic cloak, endowing us with the power 
to see much that is hidden from us at busier times — the 
beauty of wind-stirred reflections, the subtle part played 
by shadow in the garden's ornamentation, the ways of bees 
and birds and butterflies, the evening light upon the Cherry- 
trees. He loses much who has no aptitude for idleness. 



194 



CHAPTER XII 
WHITE FLOWERS IN THE NIGHT GARDEN 



CHAPTER XII 
WHITE FLOWERS IN THE NIGHT GARDEN 

And still within a summer's night 
A something so transporting bright 
I clap my hands to see. 

— Emily Dickinson. 

THE garden has its day side and its night side, as 
different as day and night. The night garden is not 
the place we know by day; there seems nothing 
personal or familiar in its simple masses of light and dark. 
We seem to have had no part in fashioning the vast purple 
gloom, the pearly visions, the sharp, pale shapes that part 
the shadows. It is not ours, nor are the tall white forms at 
our side creatures grown of our fostering love and care. 
Only the fragrances of the night are familiar — Honeysuckle, 
White Tobacco, Stock seek us out like the warm pressure of 
a hand. 

We are conscious of a powerful reserve in the graven 
beauty of the night garden. It gives us little, drawing into 
itself while yet it presses upon us with a curious impersonal 
insistence. Its stillness is more exciting than sound, and 
every small happening seems fraught with significance; 
the silent flitting of a moth, the delicate rush of a capricious 
breeze fixes all our attention. 

197 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

A sally down the garden path has quite the quality of 
high adventure. We are accompanied by troops of ghostly 
flowers — nameless at night. At their sign the shadows part 
before and close in behind us, seeming to cut off retreat. 
Here a Lily shape is cut against the dark; there a trail of 
light tells where white Horned Violets "with winged feet" 
speed into the night; and farther on a shimmering breadth 
proclaims a group of heavy-headed white Phlox. 

The pergola is a purple tunnel. Here shadows press one 
hard and even the moist cheek-touch of a pink Rose, in- 
visible now, but serves to mark the strangeness, and one is 
glad to reach the dimly luminous stretch of gravel at the 
end and hear the familiar prattle of falling water in the 
half-moon pool. This is all the sound save now and then 
the sleepy twitter of a nestling bird, or from the song 
sparrow a sudden silver thread of sound that cuts the 
darkness like a falling star. And while we stand, held by the 
imperturbable personality of the night, the moon slips 
from her garment of clouds and sails round and golden 
above the garden, transforming it, glorifying it, warming it 
into the familiar. Shadows flee to the far corners but are 
sought out by the searching light and must flee again. 
Lovely forms develop out of gloom and stand forth in 
"silvered symmetry"; the moon dips into the little pool, 
and all the garden seems to stir as if breathing full — or is 
just ourselves released from the stricture of the dark? 

Thoreau says it is necessary to see objects by moonlight 
as well as by sunlight to get a complete notion of them. 
The moonlit garden is the perfected creation — all our 
dreams come true. Whatever of beauty we have longed 

198 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

for, striven for in our gardens is graciously vouchsafed. 
There is no disturbing Une, not an imperfect group, not a 
petal out of place. 

Then veil my too inspecting face 
Lest such a subtle shimmering grace 
Flutter too far for me. 

Some day I should like to plant a garden to the night, to 
be frequented only at dim twilights, by moonlight, or when 
there is no light save the faint luminousness of white 
flowers. There should be sombre evergreens for mystery, 
an ever-playing fountain to break the tenseness, a pool for 
the moon's quaint artistry, and a seat. And nearly all the 
flowers should be white and sweet. There should be 
the wraithlike Shad Bush and Cherry-trees to hang like 
ghostly balloons among the shadows, waxen Magnolias, 
sweet blush-blossomed Crabapple trees, and white Haw- 
thorns with crowding blooms lying along the stiff branches 
like new-fallen snow. Later should come perfumed Mock- 
orange, white Lilac — "ghost of some lone delicate hour" — 
and great bushes of free-growing white Roses — Stanwell 
Perpetual, Blanc Double de Coubert, Madame Georges 
Bruant, Madame Hardy, Frau Karl Druschki, Madame 
Plantier — dames of unsullied purity. After the Snowdrops 
and Snowflakes, Arabis, Daffodils, white Tulips, and pale 
Primroses of the young spring should come Lilies-of-the 
Valley, and shy Sweet Woodruff, trails of Candytuft, 
Alyssum, and frilly white Petunias, Scented Pinks and ranks 
of chaste Canterbury Bells and Foxgloves; great white 
Peonies — loose petalled to ensnare the moonbeams — quaint 

199 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Fraxinella, Dame's Rocket, fragrant Valerian, and Floren- 
tine Iris in a gray cowl. Then should come pale Mulleins 
erect by mounds of gossamer Gypsophila, stately Holly- 
hocks, sweet Musk Mallows, shining Moon Daisies, white 
Lilies, sweet white Tobacco, Phlox in broad masses like 
snow high drifted, and the keen-scented Funkia. Honey- 
suckle, without doubt, and filmy Clematis and many more — 
all one's favourites assembled to give form to gloom and 
by their sweetness to endow the night with subtle con- 
sciousness. 

The faculty of some flowers to withhold their sweetness 
from the day and pour it out to the night is often alluded to. 
Curiously, too, these flowers have small personality by day, 
but with the twilight seem to rise and expand, laying their 
white stars, like ivory ornaments, against the dark back- 
ground of the night. Possessing this peculiarity are Sweet 
Tobacco and Dame's Rocket (Hesperis matronalis); and 
the little Night-scented Stock, a drooping, insignificant 
bit of flowerhood by day that is quite transfigured at the 
coming of twilight. Then it raises its pale head with 
assured grace and floods the dusk with a sweetness at once 
delicate and intense. 

Many of the Evening Primroses are more highly scented 
after nightfall, some of them keeping their petals closed 
during the day as if to more effectually hold back the 
perfume. Oenothera biennis, only fit for "God's wide 
husbandry" is one of these. The closely allied 0. Lar- 
marckiana is a more cultivated plant and may be allowed 
in the garden. Oenothera taraxifolia is a most beau- 
tiful Evening Primrose whose blossoms reach their fuU- 

200 



AN ARRANGEMENT IN PINK 

JULY lOTH 



nnmS led is the same that is seen in the 
Y Frontispiece. It is important because of its 
conspicuous position and must be kept well 
dressed from spring to autumn. It has an edg- 
ing of bright yellow early Tulip Chrysolora 
growing in front of patches of pale Daffodil Mrs. 
Langtry. On the low retaining wall behind the 
bed are large pots of lavender-blue Hyacinths. 
A band of Pink Beauty Sweet William follows 
the bulbs, and with it bloom, in late May and 
June, masses of pink and white Canterbury Bells 
behind a broad grouping of Iris pallida dal- 
matica with its great lavender flowers. Two 
bushes of blue-spiked Baptisia australis also 
bloom at this season and there is often a sprink- 
ling of self-sown Yellow Foxglove {Digitalis am- 
bigua). 

In July the Hollyhocks, Goafs-rue (Galega 
officinalis), and Phlox Selma, seen in the picture, 
hold sway for several weeks, when the long 
branches of purple and mauve-pink Michaelmas 
Daisies that are set between the Phlox and Can- 
terbury Bells begin faintly to colour and finally 
fill the bed with a soft haze. 

Behind the Hollyhocks pink and white Bol- 
tonias are planted, their long branches to be 
drawn forward to hide the final untidiness of the 
former. 




PLATE NO. 1 6 

SEE PLATE NO. I. FRONTISPIECE 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

est expansion at nightfall. It is a charming lax trailer, 
drooping its long stems, starred with great white fragrant 
blooms, most gracefully over steep banks or rocks. 0. 
marginata and 0. speciosa are two other lovely species 
with white flowers gradually changing to pink as they 
mature. The first sends forth a strong, magnolia-like 
fragrance at night, and is seldom taller than twelve inches. 
The other is of somewhat greater height and of shrubby 
growth. It is a very rampant spreader so should not be 
put where it will overpower choicer things. The yellow 
Oenotheras should have a place both in the day and in the 
night garden. 0. fruticosa and its varieties are splendid 
hardy plants bearing many primrose blossoms over a long 
period at midsummer. I have a handsome tall Evening 
Primrose called Afterglow, one of the "mutant" forms of 
Lamarckiana, that is one of the finest plants in the garden, 
opening its great yellow blossoms in quick succession 
throughout the greater part of the summer and shedding a 
fine fragrance at night. 

Nowadays perfume does not bestow upon the flower 
possessing it the preeminence that it once did. The nose of 
humanity has become blunted, grown dull to those perfumes 
that come to it as gifts. We are far less sensitive to the 
influence of the perfume of flowers than were our forefathers. 
In early horticultural books one reads constantly that this 
or that simple flower "rejoyceth the heart of man" or "com- 
forteth his spirits" by its sweet breath. This quality was 
always mentioned and made much of if it were present, but 
I remember, a few years ago, when compiling a list of 
fragrant flowers, going through countless books and cata- 

205 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

logues and finding very seldom the word fragrant in the 
long lists of Peonies, Irises, Tulips, and other plants, though 
the colours were minutely described. The supply answers 
the demand. The world is asking for aesthetic colours, 
multiplied petals, greater height and sturdiness, but not for 
fragrance. Surely this is irrefutable when such a soulless 
beauty as the Rose Frau Karl Druschki and the pagan 
Oriental Poppy enjoy such marvelous vogue. Perhaps per- 
fume magic is beyond the power of the patient hybridists, 
perhaps it is true that 

To grow flowers is a common thing, 
God alone gives them perfume. 

And somehow in the doubling of petals, the enrichment of 
hues, some divine factor slips from their grasp and some- 
thing precious is lost that the ingenuity of man may not 
restore. 

It is a pity that we should become less sensitive to the 
appeal of perfume — should allow any flaunting rag of 
modern beauty to drive the old-time sweet flowers — "dear 
for the very fragrance of their names" — back into the dim 
gardens of the past. Let us plant in some quiet nook a 
little garden to the night where the old favourites may 
smile again. Let us tuck in among the white flowers hot- 
breathed Wallflowers and heady Musk Hyacinths, spicy 
Clove Pinks, and honey-scented Broom, Mignonette, Rose 
Geranium, and Lemon Verbena, with patches of Savory 
Marjoram, Thyme, and Southernwood reaching out into 
the path that we may brush against them as we pass, 
invoking a greeting from their aromatic leaves. Let those 

206 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

so fortunate as to possess them divide and multiply and 
share their roots of double Rocket or fragrant white Violets 
and let them make slips from their old-fashioned, highly 
perfumed Roses and distribute them generously among 
their friends, that the old-fashioned qualities of sweetness 
and sunplicity be not entirely wanting in the gardens of to- 
day. For it is a true saying that 

The glory of the garden hes in more than meets the eye. 



207 



CHAPTER XIII 
COLOUR FOR THE SHADY BORDER 



CHAPTER XIII 
COLOUR FOR THE SHADY BORDER 

And the North gleams with its own native light. 

— Bryant. 

OFTEN it is desirable to have a flower border where 
trees overshadow it at least in part, or along the 
north side of a wall where the sun reaches it for part 
of the day only. Such a border is usually the most trouble- 
some spot in the garden and is frequently seen poorly 
habited and dull in colour. The mistake generally made 
is in trying to induce the sun lovers to grow here, or plants 
that are not reliably hardy, for of course this is the coldest 
region, subject to the hardest and longest freezings, and 
receiving less warmth from the sun than other portions of 
the garden. But there are plenty of good plants for the 
shady border that, thoughtfully chosen, will provide an at- 
tractive variety of colour and type throughout the season. 

There we have the opportunity to make use of some of our 
lovely spring wild flowers. 

Along the edge of the border we may plant the shining 
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis), Trilliums, yellow Ad- 
der's Tongue (Erythronium), quaint Dutchman's Breeches 
(Dicentra Cucullaria), graceful Solomon's Seal with its 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

creamy pendent bells, double and single Hepaticas, and the 
Wood Anemones (both our native sorts, and such lovely 
foreigners as A. apennina, the blue Windflower of the Apen- 
nine Mountains), A. nemorosa the British Windflower, with 
its fine variety Robinsoniana, and the frail-looking but 
hardy Snowdrop Anemone (A. sylvestris). 

If there are stones along the edge of the border, little 
alpine Campanulas such as C. pusilla, C. Portenschl- 
agiana, and C. caespitosa may be tucked in the crevices, 
and the pretty Yellow Fumatory will soon create fernlike 
colonies of itself wherever it can commandeer a bit of space. 
Campanula carpatica and all the creeping Phloxes are 
grateful for a position where the sun reaches them for but 
a part of the day, and the delightful mosslike Sandwort 
(Arenaria balearica) will creep about and cover the cool 
sides of the stones with velvet verdure. A particularly fine 
plant for near the edge of such a border is the Fern-leaved 
Fumatory (Corydalis cheilanthefolia), a plant with most 
beautiful dark green leafage that remains in fine condition 
throughout the season. Its delicate sulphur-coloured flower 
spikes are born early in the spring. 

Many bulbs will thrive in our shady border, but es- 
pecially grateful for the cool aspect are the lovely Scillas, 
Snowdrops, the quaint Checker Lilies (Fritillaria melea- 
gris), and the white Daffodils, such as N. albicans. White 
Lady, Mrs. Thomson, and the fair Musk Daffodil of the 
Pyrenees (N. moschatus). The Dutch call N. albicans the 
Musk Daffodil. 

One may safely choose a yellow-and-white-and-blue 
colour scheme for the north border, for these are the hues 

212 



A FAVOURITE MIDSUMMER GROUP 

JULY I5TH 



TTERE we see the rose Loosestrife, the white 
Jrl Mullein {Verbascum Miss Willmott), 
Mullein Pinks (Lychnis Coronaria), and the 
yellow Knapweed (Centaurea macrocephala). 

Along the edge of the border in spring flower 
Daffodils and the rich purple Aubrietia Dr. 
Mules; and Silene acaulis with its many tiny 
white flowers interplanting tall orange-coloured 
Tulips. 

A little later blue and white hybrid Colum- 
bines have the corner to themselves. 

The Mullein Pinks and true Mulleins have a 
long period of blossoming, and the Loosestrife 
at the back retains its form and foliage late 
in the fall, so no third flowering has been ar- 
ranged for this group; but there might well be an 
interplanting of late-flowering Aconites or Torch 
Lilies {Kniphofia). 




PLATE NO. 17 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

worn by most of the flowers that will be found to flourish 
there, unless one is minded to let in the members of the 
magenta clan, in which case the yellow flowers, all save the 
palest, are best omitted. A little back from the edge we may 
have fairy Columbines of all sorts, golden Doronicums, includ- 
ing the tall D. plantagineum excelsum, as well as the dwarfer 
sorts, the pretty Double Rocket (Hesperis matronahs fl. pi.), 
Actaeas or Baneberries with their decorative fruit, Epi- 
mediums, white and yellow Foxgloves, Geranium ibericum, 
the yellow Day Lilies (Hemerocallis), and if it is hardy in 
our locality the curious Welsh Poppy (Meconopsis cam- 
brica). Farther back in the border may come our tall 
native Snakeroot (Cimicifuga racemosa) and the Japanese 
variety C. simplex (Syn. Actaea japonica), Veronica vir- 
ginica, the tall Campanulas — C. latifolia macrantha, C. 
lactiflora, C. grandis, C. alliarifolia, and C. pyramidalis — 
Galega ofTicinalis, and all the Aconites. 

The Aconites, if the different species are planted, may be 
had in flower from late June, when the deep blue and 
rather dwarf A. tauricum blooms, through the Napellus 
group and the yellow A. pyrenaicum (syn. lycoctonum) for 
July and August, to A. Wilsoni and the lovely blue A. 
Fischeri in September, and A. chinense (usually sold in this 
country as A. autumnale) in October. These are all beauti- 
ful plants that give a fine, graceful efTect in the garden but 
whenever they are grown their poisonous qualities should 
be remembered. 

Tiger Lilies as a rule thrive robustly in the north border 
as do many other Lilies, but as soil is a greater factor in 
their well-being than aspect, some experimenting must be 

217 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

done to find out which are suited to our particular soil 
mixture. 

Many plants usually counted among the sun wor- 
shippers thrive well in the north border if the shade is not 
too dense. Peonies, Oriental Poppies, Phlox, and Mulleins 
are among these, their blossoms lasting much longer in 
perfection when partially shielded from the sun. Mulleins 
are particularly happy and most effective in such a situa- 
tion. In Plate 20 may be seen a fine group of Phlox 
Coquelicot growing in the north border of my garden among 
Aconitum Napellus, both the dark blue and the bicolour 
sorts, and our native Culverwort (Veronica virginica). 

For late summer and autumn flowering in the shaded 
border we may have the Corfu Lily (Funkia subcordata) 
and others of its family, many Michaelmas Daisies, and 
Eupatorium ageratoides, a fine native plant of about four 
feet in height with flat heads of white flowers lasting well 
into October; and the Japanese Anemones, of course. 

A few other plants suitable for a northern exposure are: 

Astrantia Iris orientalis Saxifraga umbrosa 

Bleeding Heart Irissibirica Sweet Woodruff 

Corydalis nobilis Lily-of-the-valley Thalictrum 

Dentaria Lythrum Salicaria Trollius 

Epimedium Monarda Viola cornuta 

Helleborus niger Pentstemon Digitalis Viola gracilis 

Heuchera Rue Winter Aconite 

If the border is wide and shrubs are wanted to fill in at 
the back the following may be counted upon to thrive: 

Amelanchier canadensis Kalmia latifolia 

Benzoin aestivalis Lonicera fragrantissima 

218 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



Berberis in variety 

Clethra alnifolia 

Cornus alba and C. stolonifera 

Daphne mezereum 

Deutzia gracilis and D. Lemoinei 

Forsythia 

Hamamelis japonica 

Hamamelis virginica 



Mahonia Aquifolium 
Philadelphus in variety 
Privet in variety 
Rhododendron 
Rhus aromatica 
Ribes sanguineum 
Symphoricarpos racemosus 
Symphoricarpos vulgaris 



219 



* 



I 



CHAPTER XIV 
MAGENTA THE MALIGNED 



CHAPTER XIV 

MAGENTA THE MALIGNED 

Beauty deprived of its proper foils ceases to be enjoyed as beauty, just 
as light deprived of all shadow ceases to be enjoyed as light. ^ 

RUSKIN. 

THE above quotation supplies the reason tliat ma- 
genta is so universally despised and shunned. Not 
only is it deprived of its proper foils, but it is nearly 
always set down beside those colours surest to bring out its 
worst side. I am very fond of this colour as worn by 
flowers and have taken some trouble to bring it into har- 
mony with its surroundings. Combative it is, but to be 
won; fastidious as to its associations, but gentle and beauti- 
ful when considered. Surely any one who has seen the 
sumptuous rim of colour following the banks of the Hudson 
River and its tributary streams in certain sections where 
the Rose Loosestrife, a flower of the purest magenta, has 
naturalized itself, will not deny the possibility of beauty in 
the use of this colour. Besides the Loosestrife many of the 
finest hardy plants garb themselves in the maligned hue, 
and Mr. Schuyler Mathews in his "Field Book of American 
Wildflowers" gives 73 familiar wild flowers that are en- 
rolled under the magenta banner. But in all my gardening 
experience I have met only one person who confessed 

223 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

admiration for this colour and I have come across but one 
garden writer who boldly put down in print his admiration 
for it. Indeed nearly every writer upon garden topics 
pauses in his praise of other flower colours to give the de- 
spised one a rap in passing. Mr. Bowles writes of "that 
awful form of floral original sin, magenta" ; Miss Jekyll calls it 
"malignant magenta"; and Mrs. Earl, usually so sym- 
pathetic and tender toward all flowers, says that even the 
word magenta, seen often in the pages of her charming book, 
"makes the black and white look cheap," and again "if 
I could turn all magenta flowers pink or purple, I should 
never think further about garden harmony, all other col- 
ours would adjust themselves." 

In the thoughtlessness of colour arrangement that pre- 
vailed in the gardens of our grandmothers, magenta was 
recklessly handled — so many sweet and wUling flowers wore 
the now despised hue — but no one felt the horror of such 
great masses of magenta Phlox and Tiger Lilies, of magenta 
Foxgloves and scarlet Sweet William that I remember in 
the charming box-bordered garden of my grandparents in 
Massachusetts. But now, with this new vision of ours for 
colour harmony, there is no reason why we should, on 
account of the past sins of our forefathers and the present 
sinning of our nurserymen in miscalling it, banish this rich 
and distinctive colour with all the fine plants that it dis- 
tinguishes, without some effort to provide for it the proper 
foils to fully develop its beauty. 

I would ask any one possessing Dr. Ridgeway's "Colour 
Standards and Colour Nomenclature" to open the book at 
Plate 24 and look at magenta in all its tender gradations of 

224 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

tint and shade. There is but one magenta, but about it are 
the gentle sisters of the discredited clan: Liseran purple and 
rose purple, dull and dusky purple, Indian lake, dahlia car- 
mine, auricula purple, pale and deep Rosalane pink, all of 
which we are accustomed to lump as magenta. And on 
Plate 12 of that same chart there are yet others that come 
under the unjust ban: the mallow pinks and purples, 
amaranths and aster purple. These are beautiful colours 
as seen against the soft gray background of the page. Per- 
haps if we could strike out the word magenta, so laden with 
custom-made stigma, and use only these other colour names, 
all pleasant sounding and suggestive, we should lose much 
of the antipathy now felt for the flowers that wear it. 

When the early writers had magenta to name they usually 
wrote it as "a little purple mixed with red," and to give 
it a more poetic but none the less exact description we 
might reverse Dante's idea of the colour of Apple blossoms 
— "more than that of roses but less than that of violets." 

In my garden I have been able to match but one flower to 
the magenta of the colour chart. This is the Rose Loose- 
strife (Ly thrum Salicaria). It is pure magenta, but in 
eight catalogues examined it is described as rose pink, or 
bright pink. One seedsman ventures so near the taboo 
name as to call it rosy-purple, another flies from it to the 
length of describing an improved variety as "glistening 
cherry red." Even in the "Cyclopedia of Horticulture" 
it is described as "rose colour." 

It is small wonder that when our minds are set upon, 
and some garden space prepared for, glistening cherry red, 
or the ever-cordial and agreeable rose colour, we are ex- 

225 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

asperated by the arrival of plants that in their flowering 
show the strange off-tones of the magenta group. It is not 
among the accepted colours of the garden; we do not plan 
for it, nor seek it, though it is often thrust upon us; so what 
chance has the poor colour to come again into its own, for 
it is believed to have been the "royal purple" of the 
ancients. 

Custom hangs upon us with a weight 
Heavy as frost and deep almost as Hfe. 

It is the custom to despise magenta. It is hustled out of 
our gardens and out of our consciousness and no one has 
eyes to see the imperial scarf of magenta Phlox that stoops 
to bind the dusty roadside, or the riot of tender colour in the 
neglected cottage dooryard where Petunias have sown and 
resown themselves and flutter about the gray and rotting 
porch and squeeze through the gray and rotting palings of 
the fence in exquisite harmony with the weathered wood. 

I am so fond of this colour and its kindred tints and 
shades that to come across in The Garden, December 11, 
1915, the following article by Clarence Eliot in its praise, 
was a great pleasure and I cannot refrain from using it in 
defence of my beloved magenta blossoms. 

In some circles it needs as much moral hardihood to say that one likes 
magenta as it does to confess that one dislikes cold baths. Some folks 
seem hardly to like to use the word magenta , as though it were unclean, and 
resort instead to "rosy-purple." This seems as bad as softening "cold 
bath" into "soapy-tepid." As a matter of fact, however, real true ma- 
genta is a very rare colour among flowers. Callirhoe pulchella is one of 
the truest examples, and the glossy silky texture of its petals seems to 
enhance the glowing brilliance of the colour. The most splendid examples 

226 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

of magenta I have ever seen were Bougainvillea cascading over white walls 
in Madeira, and great trailing slabs of some Mesembryanthemums on the 
cliffs at the entrance of the harbour of Bonificio. But alas, these two 
effects cannot be repeated in this country [England] except perhaps on the 
"Cornish Riviera." ... I have often thought 1 should like to try a 
border of strong magentas with a good many violets and purples and lilacs, 
a few pinks of the type of Lavatera Olbia, that is with just a suspicion of 
blue in them, and perhaps a very few white flowers. 

Here is Mr. Eliot's list of flowers for a magenta border 
of which he says, "Comparatively few of them are of the 
true colour, yet most or all of them are reds and pinks 
that would accord." 

Aubrietias Fire King and Leichtlinii, Epilobium Dodonaei, Calamintha 
grandiflora, Lythrum alatum, Dianthus Seguieri, Lychnis viscaria splen- 
dens. Thymus serpyllum coccineus majus, Betonica grandiflora superba, 
Cortusa mathiola (shade). Primulas pulverulenta and Veitchii, Lathyrus 
latifolius (grown on pea sticks), Lavatera Olbia (and near it Nepeta 
Mussini), Lythrum virgatum Rose Queen, Lythrum Salicaria superbum; 
Phlox Le Mahdi, Albert Vandal, Reichgraf von Hochberg and Rosenberg 
for strong colours; and Phlox Eugene Danzanvillers, Phlox pilosa, Phlox 
subulata compacta, Monarda violacea superba, Verbena venosa (tender 
but beautiful), Lunaria biennis, Callirhoe, pulchella and Mesembryanthe- 
mum tricolor. 

To this good list I must add a few of my own favourites : 
the exquisite, sprawling Callirhoe involucrata. Lychnis 
Coronaria the Mullein Pink, Kansas Gay Feather, purple 
Foxglove, Azalea amoena. Rhododendron catawbiense, 
the splendid Ironweed, Lychnis alpina, Spiraea Davidii, 
Centaurea dealbata Desmodium penduliflorum, and some 
fine Michaelmas Daisies of the novae-Angliae ruber type. 

227 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

I am well aware that this list will simply stand as a 
warning to most gardeners, but while my aim is not so 
high as Mr. Eliot's in hoping to inspire a magenta border, 
yet I do hope to start even a small revulsion of feeling in 
favour of this tender, hushed colour, to give it in these 
pages as I have in my garden some of the associations that 
silence its combativeness that it may raise its erstwhile 
imperial head, not as of old in the terrible if joyous racket 
of Tiger Lilies and Sunflowers, but in assured and reposeful 
harmony. 

The first time I saw magenta flowers used with thoughtful 
consideration was in the wondrous gardens of Drummond 
Castle in Scotland. There a double border running on 
either side of a grass walk for nearly a quarter of a mile, 
between dark, severely clipped Hollies and Yews, was 
planted in blocks of about twelve feet in two alternating 
colours — blue and magenta! I do not now recall all the 
plants used in the border, but among them were Loose- 
strife and Monkshood, Spiraea Rutlandi and Veronica, 
magenta and bluish-violet Phloxes. Standing at one end 
and looking along the narrowing perspective one's eye was 
carried from great richness of effect to an indescribable soft- 
ness that finally seemed to melt away like a trail of smoke. 

The best colours to associate with magenta are deeper and 
paler tones of itself, the dim blue of such as Monkshood, 
pale buff, sky blue like that of Salvia azurea, white, the 
mallow pinks — that is, those pinks that have a bluish cast, 
lavender, and gray foliage. Indeed, I think it safe to say 
that all colours are in harmony with it save strong yellow, 
red, scarlet, orange, cherry, and the salmon pinks. 

228 



HIGH NOON 

JULY 28th 



^T^HIS bit of border is characteristic of the rich 
J_ colouring of the midsummer garden. The 
flowers shown arc Tiger Lilies, Mulleins {Ver- 
bascum phlomoides), the double orange Day Lily 
{Hemerocallis Kwanso), blue Spiked Veronica, 
Chinese Bellflowers, and Globe Thistles {Echi- 
nops Ritro). 

By turning to Plate No. 23 (September 10th) 
it may be seen how in a few weeks the picture may 
be completely reconstructed. The long branches 
of tall-growing plants at the back have been drawn 
down to cover their passe predecessors, and the bor- 
der again blooms as freshly as before. 

Nor in the earlier seasons was this spot devoid 
of bloom, for along the stone edging rioted the 
lovely white Sandwort {Arenaria montana), yel- 
low and creamy Sun Roses {Helianthemum), 
a trail of Daffodils, and some groups of lavender 
Tulip Dream. 

These in turn are followed by the blossoming of 
a large clump of Iris Madame Chereau accom- 
panied by a few heads of lacelike Valerian and 
some yellow Columbines (Aquilegia chrysantha). 
Farther along in this border the beautiful Lil- 
ium Brownii has grown and increased for many 
years. 




PLATE NO. 1 8 
SEE PLATE NO. 33 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Magenta does not come into conspicuous life in the 
garden before June, when enter Foxgloves and Sweet 
Williams. Before this, however, we have little patches of it 
here and there where creeping Phloxes and Aubrietias, 
Lychnis alpina and Viscaria splendens wind the border 
verges with a soft-hued scarf in front of sweeps of nodding, 
pale-coloured Star Daffodils and hoary-leaved Nepeta gleam- 
ing the lovelier for the shadow of a full-flowered Cherry- 
tree. Many Rhododendrons and Azaleas affect the colour. 
In a friend's garden Azalea amoena is broadly massed 
against dark evergreens, producing a most striking effect. 

All the gray-foliaged plants are particularly happy with 
the dear magenta culprits, and gray stone is a perfect back- 
ground for them. The tall magenta Foxgloves we plant 
with Southernwood or Wormwood and perhaps a few soft 
blue Peach-leaved Bellflowers or lavender Canterbury 
Bells. Mullein Pink (Lychnis Coronaria) is splendid with 
the gray leafage and lilac flower spikes of Nepeta Mussini, 
or shining through a haze of Gypsophila with a background 
of creamy MuUeins. This plant which, as near as I can 
match its velvet depths, answers on the colour chart to 
aster-purple, is described in various catalogues as "blood 
red," "purple or scarlet," "beautiful pink," "bright rose," 
"rosy crimson," and "red"; no two alike and all keeping 
well out of the danger zone of truth. It is an old-fashioned 
plant seldom seen in new-fashioned gardens, but its glowing 
colour and gray velvet leafage should give it entrance 
everywhere. I am glad to say that it seldom fails to win 
admiration from visitors to my garden. The white form 
is fine but far less beautiful. 

233 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

The Rose Loosestrife blooms for about six weeks at mid- 
summer and is one of the best hardy plants of its season. 
There are several "improved" forms that, while not changed 
in colour perceptibly, are perhaps of a slightly purer tone. 
The illustration, Plate 17, shows it growing behind Ver- 
bascum Miss Willmott and white Mullein Pink with a touch 
of bold yellow from Centaurea macrocephala. It is lovely 
in groups with Aconitum Napellus and Gypsophila. The 
creamy forms of Anthemis tinctoria are quite safe to plant 
with it as is the soft lavender of Erigeron speciosa. No 
plant is finer for water-side planting. I would suggest mass- 
ing it at the water's edge where we may have the added 
beauty of wind-stirred reflections, and against it bold groups 
of the deep blue water Iris monspur. 

A little later in the summer come the Gayfeathers 
(Liatris), whose impetuous, hurtling aspect has suggested to 
the children the name of "sky rockets." These grown in 
groups behind Lyme Grass or Rue and mingled with 
clumps of white Moon Daisies are very effective. They are 
prairie plants requiring a dry soil and a sunny aspect. 
Later we have the dehghtful Trefoil or Bush Clover (Des- 
modium penduliflorum) with slender, wandlike branches 
closely hung with tiny winged blossoms in two shades of 
magenta. It grows in my garden against a stone wall in 
company with the opaque lavender flowers of Clematis 
Davidiana and plenty of pale yellow Snapdragons. Later 
still there is Vernonia arkansana, to be worn in the garden 
like a festal plume, with Phlox Peachblow and Lyme Grass 
to set off its peculiar glowing colour. And last of all we 
have the Michaelmas Daisies, with many a good member 

234 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

that may be said to belong among these unappreciated 
treasures. 

I do not deny that there are poor and wishy-washy tones 
of magenta and that these are not desirable; but where the 
colour is frank and pure and used with a right intermingling 
of green and other soft friendly hues, there is none more 
beautiful and distinctive. It requires only such consid- 
eration as we give as a matter of course to blue or scarlet, 
but which is certainly not vouchsafed magenta in the gar- 
dens of to-day. 



235 



CHAPTER XV 
THE PHLOXES 



CHAPTER XV 

THE PHLOXES 

Every thing beautiful impresses us as sufficient to itself. 

— Thoreau. 

THE Phlox family is one upon which we should look 
with special interest, for it is American in 47 
of the 48 species allowed it in the "Standard Cyclo- 
pedia of Horticulture." A few other plants have this dis- 
tinction, the American Cowslip (Dodecatheon) for one, 
but none other has attained such worldwide fame as to 
make it an object of national pride. 

Of the many species few are grown. Indeed, save for the 
tall midsununer Phloxes, hybrids of Phlox decussata and 
suffruticosa, only two perennials are seen with any frequency 
in this their native land — P. divaricata and the little creeping 
P. subulata. This is a pity, for while we strive for success 
with unwilling aliens that frequently reward us in a sorry 
manner, these natives, accustomed to our climatic excesses, 
would give us far more luxuriant and satisfactory results. 
As is too often the case, it remains for our cousins across 
the water to sing the praises of an American flower. Mr. 
Reginald Farrer writes of the dwarf Phlox species as "a 
race of indispensables beyond all indispensables for the 

239 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

rock garden." It is Mr. Farrer, too, who notes the 
"moonlit blue" of Phlox subulata G. F, Wilson, and the 
"French-gray" of the charming P. Stellaria, "a beautiful lax 
trailer, like a rather large subulata, making mossy cascades 
down the rock work." Phlox divaricata wears this moonlit 
blue also, one of the tenderest and most beautiful of flower 
colours, but among the rest of the dwarf Phloxes that 
colour is rife which early writers refer to tactfully as "a 
little purple mixed with red." Worn by these round, simple 
flowers, however, it is very pure and bright and not by any 
means to be despised. 

These dwarf Phloxes are not Alpines but they do very well 
on the rockery or planted in rich, sandy soil along the front 
of stone-edged borders where the roots may find a cool run 
and the trailing stems spread themselves in comfort, A 
dry-built wall, too, offers a suitable home for them if the 
exposure is a cool one. Small bits inserted in the crevices 
in spring soon make strong plants to festoon the wall 
face. The best of the species are amoena, Carolina, Doug- 
lasii, stolonifera, nivalis (perhaps a form of subulata), 
Stellaria, subulata, and divaricata. They bloom in April and 
May. Phlox amoena exhibits the characteristic trailing 
habit and gives its lovely magenta blossoms with freedom. 
P. stolonifera (syn. reptens) is even more lax in growth but 
very pretty. P. Stellaria is vigorous and has a white sort 
besides the French gray one, and P. Douglasii is low, 
tufted, and pubescent, with pale coloured flowers. It is a 
Western species. 

The well-known P. subulata, called Moss Pink or Flower- 
ing Moss, has many fine garden varieties, the most beautiful 

240 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

of which are, I think, G. F. Wilson of the moonlit blue 
colour and the gleaming white Nelsoni that is much less 
spreading in habit than the former. 

Phlox divaricata, sometimes known as the Wild Sweet 
William, is one of the most charming of spring flowers. 
It loves a bit of shade and nothing is prettier to plant 
in the shadow of early-flowering shrubs. My yellow blos- 
soming Currant Bushes (Ribes aureum) have a carpet 
of this cool lavender flower that is lovely and lasts a 
long time in perfection. P. divaricata is co-parent with 
P. paniculata of a race that I think will in time hold an 
important place in the floral world. It is known as Phlox 
Arendsii. The plants are vigorous in growth and about 
eighteen inches in height. They flower toward the end of 
May, bridging the space between the creeping Phloxes and 
the suffruticosa group, of which Miss Lingard is so promi- 
nent a member. The colours of this new race are not all 
that can be desired as yet, but some are of the lovely tint 
of divaricata. Louise is one of these and is further beautified 
by some little flecks of deeper colour about the centre. 
Grete is good also, with buds opening a delicate mallow 
pink but paling as they expand. 

Of the so-called Early-flowering Phloxes, Miss Lingard is 
the best known and is certainly one of the very best of 
hardy plants. In Nettie Stewart we have a lovely sort, very 
pale mallow pink, and in the newer Enchantress this 
colour is deepened. Indian Chief is one that many will not 
care for on account of its pure mallow purple colour, but it is a 
plant of fine habit and in slightly shaded situations, among 
gray foliage and delicate white flowers, it is very effective. 

241 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

These midseason Phloxes are extremely useful, for they 
come at that period which is the most difficult to gardeners — 
late June and early July, Very gay and striking is a mass 
of Miss Lingard interplanted with Pentstemon barbatus, 
whose graceful stalks hung with scarlet bells curve grace- 
fully above the Phlox. Lovely, too, is this white Phlox 
planted behind lavender Erigeron speciosus — a splendid 
new form of this plant is Quakeress — with some Lyme Grass 
and tufts of the little blue Fescue Grass (Festuca glauca) 
at the edge of the border. The mallow-pink Phloxes are 
charming with the gray-leaved Mullein Pinks — both the 
white and the rich aster-purple sorts with little clouds of 
Gypsophila between. 

Early August is the festal season of the decussata Phloxes. 
They are perhaps the very best of hardy plants, seeming to 
embody all the qualities desirable in a plant — hardiness, 
upright carriage, fine foliage, beautiful and various colours, 
fragrance, and immunity from disease. And yet, fine as 
they are, I think the average garden, my own included, is 
too much given up to them at the season of their blooming. 
Especially are we apt to have too many of the pink and 
scarlet sorts which, in such generous masses as we are used 
to plant them, do certainly produce a cloying effect — like 
too many sweets. Freer use of the violet and lavender sorts, 
which are many and fine, would go a long way toward 
remedying this fault. The reason that these are not more 
freely made use of is, I believe, because of the very mis- 
leading descriptions given of them in the catalogues. 
Phloxes are under suspicion, for the magenta principle is 
never more than a generation or two back, and we have 

242 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

grown wary of the nurseryman's easy application of mauve 
and violet, rose and crimson, especially to these flowers. 
Last summer I went through an important nursery and 
made careful note of all the Phloxes that came within the 
magenta danger zone. Many of them are very pure and 
beautiful in colour, but they are certainly not suitable in 
situations planned for pink or lavender. Here is the list : 

Australie Richard Straus 

Bacchante Indian Chief (early) 

Champs Elysee Forward (early) 

Eclaireur Widar 

La Vague Rossingnol 

Rosenberg L'Aiglon 

Ringleader (early) Antonin Mercie 

Champignol L'Espe ranee 

Redacteur Fiammer Miramer 

Jules Cambon Albert Leteau 

Amarante Edmund Rostand 

Henri Martin Le Prophete 

As I have said, the lavender and white sorts will relieve the 
Phlox situation appreciably; not planted among the pinks 
but in generous groups to themselves, one kind at a time, 
mingled with the slender yellow Monkshood (Aconitum 
Lycoctonum pyrenaicum), sheaves of flaming Montbre- 
tias, tall yeUow and cream coloured Mulleins, patches of 
Ageratum, dull gold Zinnias, lemon and white Hollyhocks, 
groups of Lilium Henryi, Moon Daisies, and late-flowering 
Lemon Lilies. Of course a variety like Wanadis, that adds 
the beauty of a Tyrian eye to its Hortense violet petals, 
would need to be kept away from yellow. Rose Loosestrife 

243 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

would be fine with it or any of the soft white flowers of the 
season. The following is a list of the prettiest lavender and 
purple Phlox that I have seen: 

Cendrillon: White shaded delicate gray. Buds and tubes soft blue. 
Late flowering. 2| ft. 
Lady Grisel: White shaded gray. Buds dim blue. Early. 3^ ft. 
CRfepuscLE: Silvery mauve with Tyrian eye. 2§ ft. 
Derviche: Lilac-blue with white centre. Late. 3 ft. 
Eugene Danzanvilliers: Mauve and white. 3 ft. 
Iris: Bluish-violet self. 3I ft 
Pharon: Mauve with white eye. 2 ft. 
Le Mahdi: Dark bluish-violet self. 2J ft. 
Papillon: Grayish-white, with violet tubes. 3 ft. 
Wanadis: Hortense violet with Tyrian eye. 2| ft. 

Maeterlinck writes of the loud laughter of the jolly, easy- 
going Phlox, and while this is hardly complimentary there is 
yet much truth in the simile and in the wheel-like regularity 
of its blossoms, the perfection of its flower heads, the sym- 
metry of its growth, there is certainly monotony. To my 
thinking the Phlox needs a deal of neutralizing. Thus 
counterbalanced, however, by plants of diffuse habit or 
spirelike growth, with many blue flowers and much silver 
foliage and pretty white garnitures, no plant confers so 
gracious a boon upon the garden. Nothing is finer for 
association with the Phloxes than the blue and silver Sea 
Hollies and Globe Thistles (Eryngiums Oliverianum, planum 
and amethystinum and Echinops Ritro and bannaticus). 
These, grown in groups of six or eight among the Phloxes, 
create a fine effect. Gypsophila, too, is lovely with them 
and the August-flowering Aconites, Veronica virginica, 

244 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Salvia virgata nemorosa (with light pink), and Salvia Blue 
Beard. Also Salvia uliginosa and S. azurea grandiflora, the 
Campanulas lactiflora and pyramidalis, Clematis Davidiana, 
Statice latifolia, Platycodons, White Verbascums, Rue, Ely- 
mus arenarius, Santolina incana, Nepeta, and many others. 

The four prettiest pink Phloxes that I know are Elizabeth 
Campbell, said to be outclassed by Lindfield Beauty but 
this is difficult to believe; Madame Paul Dutrie, of pale 
mallow-pink hue so lovely with the metallic blue of Sea 
Hollies and Globe Thistles; America, a variety of fairly 
recent introduction, with pure pink blossoms of enormous 
size and a Tyrian eye ; and Peachblow, a lovely soft-coloured 
thing with a very descriptive name, that seems little known. 
While all these sorts are pink, they are very unhappy in 
each other's neighbourhood. Elizabeth Campbell is salmon 
pink, Madame Paul Dutrie is more blue pink, Peachblow 
leans to mauve, and the Tyrian eye of America interferes 
with amicable relations. Rijnstroom is a striking full rose- 
pink variety of splendid habit and may take the place of 
the older Pantheon which it much resembles. The sky-blue 
Salvia uliginosa is lovely with it. 

The scarlet Phloxes are many and fine. Perhaps a 
selection of four might be Coquelicot, not very tall ; General 
von Heutsz, salmon scarlet with a cool gray eye; Baron von 
Dedem, a dazzling thing with very large flowers, 3 ft., 
and Dr. Konigshofer, very brilliant with a darker eye. 
Cool blues are the best association for these high-coloured 
Phloxes, though if one wants to sound a very vibrant chord 
the Tiger Lilies, orange-scarlet, Hemerocallis Kwanso and 
Montbretias, will furnish the means. Scarlet and white is 

245 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

always gay and pretty and the garden picture maker will do 
well to put some clumps of Campanula lactiflora alba, white, 
and the gray-blue E. Molineaux among his scarlet Phloxes. 
General von Heutsz is particularly fine with Platycodons of 
dim blue colour or with soft lavender Goat's Rue. The 
dark blue Monkshood (Aconitum Napellus) is fine in a 
group with white Goat's Rue (Galega officinalis) and Phlox 
Baron von Dedem. 

Africa is a fairly new Phlox of a deep Tyrian rose colour, 
with an amaranth purple eye. It is very rich in effect and 
only less handsome than the deeper toned Compt von 
Hochberg, pure amaranth purple in colour. These two 
sorts are very amenable to arrangement. Pure pink flowers, 
Zinnias, Clarkia, Mallows, or Snapdragons are fine in their 
neighbourhood and also flowers of mauve and lavender col- 
ouring. Compt Von Hochberg is one of the longest flowering 
Phloxes I know. I have a group of it that starts flowering 
through a mist of double-flowered Gypsophila and is still 
in great beauty when the wandlike branches of Aster Top 
Sawyer colour softly about it and over the spent Gypso- 
phila. 

Good white Phloxes are many. The one I find the 
most valuable is the late-flowering Jeanne d'Arc (syn. 
Pearl). It is the very best white flower in bloom with the 
Michaelmas Daisies. It is an old-fashioned sort and many 
nurserymen have dropped it from their lists to make room 
for some of the newer sorts with enormous trusses of great 
wheel-like blossoms, but if I might have but one white 
Phlox it would be Jeanne d'Arc. I find many uses for it; 
but one group against the garden wall is particularly soft 

246 



A COOL PICTURE 

AUGUST 1ST 



T^LEASANTLY cool in appearance in the 
Jl heat of midsummer is this corner where 
white Phlox, Silver Thistles, Moonpennij Dais- 
ies, and Lyme Grass are assembled. The group 
of Rose Loosestrife Just behind gives the needed 
touch of colour. 

In May and June the picture here is just as 
lovely, for it is composed of tall white Canter- 
bury Bells, pale yellow Lupines, and a charming 
mauve-pink Iris Her Majesty. 

In September the Hardy Aster Perry's Pink, 
planted between the Thistles, refurbishes the 
group and lasts well into Ocotober. 




.1 « ^ I 



>n. . V 



PLATE NO. 19 



249 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

and tender amidst the gay trumpeting of autumn flowers. 
It is made up of the mallow-purple wands of Aster Mrs. 
J. F. Raynor, white Phlox, and fine masses of gray Lyme 
Grass, and over the stones at the edge of the border sprawls 
in luxuriant, warm-toned beauty the bright magenta Poppy 
Mallow (Callirhoe involucrata). 

The newer and earlier flowering white Phloxes are Frau 
Antoine Buchner, F. G. von Lassburg, and Mrs. Jenkins. 
Henri Murger and Josephine Gerbeaux have pink centres, 
and Helen Vacaresco and Tapis Blanc are very dwarf 
white varieties, the latter but eight inches in height, that 
take their place at the front of the border. I love these 
gleaming white Phloxes with masses of Lyme Grass and Rue, 
with tall silver Globe Thistles (Echinops sphaerocephalus, 
and Eryngium giganteum), with many bloom-hung branches 
of Desmodium penduliflorum or some other flower of its 
lovely rich colouring. 

I do not like white Phlox mixed through the groups of 
pink and scarlet sorts; it breaks them up into sharp units 
disturbing to the eye. With the lavenders they are of 
course all right, but plants of quite other form are better 
calculated to heighten the beauty of all. 

It is well known that Phlox to be had in perfection re- 
quires a deep, rich loam, leaning neither to clay nor to sand, 
and plenty of water in dry weather. Thus humoured, the 
wedge-shaped flower heads expand to a great size, while 
the individual blossoms are as large as silver dollars. If the 
first panicle is cut off directly it is spent, the plant will 
bloom modestly well into the autumn. Phlox plants re- 
quire to be divided frequently. Four or five flowering 

251 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

stalks are sufficient to a plant if large flower heads are 
expected. Seedlings should on no account be allowed to 
spring up about the parent plant; these are nearly always 
of inferior quality and will speedily run out the better 
variety besides spoiling our colour groups by their poor 
habiliments. 



252 



CHAPTER XVI 
AUGUST COMPOSITIONS 



CHAPTER XVI 
AUGUST COMPOSITIONS 

The one that could repeat the summer's day 
Were greater than itself, though he 
Minutest of mankind might be. 

— Emily Dickinson. 

AUGUST is a month of coarse foliage and robust 
/% colour. There is less poetry and suggestion in its 
_Z. JL expression than at any other period and we must be 
at some pains to prevent an appearance of vulgar obtrusive- 
ness. Comely order is the first precaution. The mature 
garden must be well groomed and strictly kept. The pretty 
disorder, so easily tolerated in the spring, is no longer 
attractive. The paths must be raked and swept to a nice 
tidiness, the beds and borders relieved of all faded blooms 
and spent flower stalks, and all remaining plants made to 
toe the mark by being firmly and carefully staked. Vines 
must be rigidly trained, shrubs cut back where their branches 
encroach too boldly upon the paths, and the whole place 
made free of weeds. Even those determined interlopers 
have some charm in their svelte springtime, but in ma- 
turity none at all. 

The next precaution is to choose one's August-flowering 
plants with discernment. It is a composite-ridden month. 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

and many of these plants are too lacking in refinement and 
too pervasive in character for any save Nature's bold and 
broad planting. Others, however, are invaluable for filling 
out the lines of the late summer and autumn garden, but 
they should be adroitly mingled with flowers of more intri- 
cate design and polished habit. It is the Daisy type of 
composite that makes so many late summer gardens 
monotonous in appearance, and while many of these are 
important, a good word should be said for those of the 
family that are less typical. All the Thistles, including the 
handsome Globe Thistles, are members of the order, the 
splendid Ironweed, the useful Achilleas, Artemisias, Liatris, 
and Golden Rods. These are quite as useful in relieving 
the Daisy type, among which belong Dahlias, Cosmos, 
Chrysanthemums, Centaureas, Sunflowers, Heleniums, Mi- 
chaelmas Daisies, Zinnias, and a host of others, as are plants 
of any other order. 

No plants are more easily grown than the composites of 
the Daisy type, and we are too quick to make use of them 
and too prone to let them spread unchecked until the 
hearty countenance of the August garden has quite lost the 
charm of varied expression and we have moreover mats and 
tangles of almost invincible roots and fecund rootlets below 
the surface of the soil to cause us endless trouble for years 
to come. 

It is well too, in the August garden to consider the 
subject of coolness in its colour scheme, for while we would 
not shut out the bright-coloured blossoms a cool picture 
here and there is a welcome relief to the eye. Such a 
picture is now at its height in my garden, and to no other do 

256 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

I turn with so strong a sense of satisfaction. Gray foliage 
is its dominant feature. There are broad masses of Lyme 
Grass and nicely rounded Rue bushes with great clumps of 
white Phlox. At the back the taller gray of Thalictrum 
glaucum, now out of bloom, tall Silver Thistles (Echinops 
sphaerocephalus), and many slender spikes of Veronica 
virginica. At the front and reaching to the edging of gray- 
leaved Pinks and lavender and white Ageratum is a mass 
of shining Moon Daisies. 

A plant which produces a feeling of freshness at this 
warm season is the old Plantain or Corfu Lily (Funkia sub- 
cordata). Its broadly spreading pale green leaves are 
delightfully cool in appearance as are its fragrant, frosted 
Lilies. Planted in front of lavender-coloured Phlox it makes 
a pleasant picture that lasts a long time in perfection. 

The great Sea Lavender (Statice latifolia), by reason of 
its lightness and delicacy, is also of great value in this season 
of coarse growth and hearty colour. It does for August 
what Gypsophila does for the preceding month. If left year 
after year without division the clumps grow strong and 
broad, sending up many stems bearing great heads of mist- 
like bloom that, as a result of the tiny white buds mingled 
with the tiny lavender expanded blossoms, have a curiously 
frosted appearance. We interplant the clumps of Sea 
Lavender with speciosum Lilies, thus accomplishing the 
double purpose of shading the Lily bulbs and lower stems 
and providing the beautiful blossoms with a charming 
setting. In front of them are patches of Nepeta Mussini 
that contribute their second blossoming to the group, and 
behind the Lilies and Sea Lavender is a mass of Phlox 

257 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Eugene Danzanvilliers, pale lilac in colour. The heavy 
heads of the Sea Lavender require to be staked, but the 
stakes should be so arranged that they will not show and 
spoil the airy, poised effect of the flower sprays. 

More use should be made in the August garden of our 
native Veronica virginica. I do not often see it, but have 
grown it myself for a long time and consider it of the first 
value as a hardy plant. At this season, when so much is 
rankly luxuriant and diffuse in habit, the slender but firmly 
erect stalks of the Culverwort, terminating in clusters of 
gray-white tapering flower spikes, have a special, refined 
beauty. It grows in rich, heavy soil six feet tall, but in dry 
soil will not reach a greater height than four feet. There is a 
handsome group made up of scarlet Phlox Etna, dark blue 
Aconite, and this white Veronica, and again it is most 
effective where it is set between clumps of the splendid 
double Orange Day Lily (Hemerocallis Kwanso), with which 
it' blooms. 

Salvia azurea belongs to the gentler side of August. Its 
delicate sky-blue wands are in charming accord with such 
a Phlox as Peachblow and I have it also set among some 
clumps of the splendid long-flowering Mullein Pink (Lychnis 
Coronaria), whose rich magenta colouring is wonderfully 
enhanced by the delicate blue. Even of greater merit than 
Salvia azurea is a giant form of recent introduction in this 
country, listed as S. uliginosa.* It grows five feet tall, is 
stronger and more substantial in all its parts, and has not 
the disconcerting habit of S. azurea, of being overthrown by 



*This plant is not reliably hardy in the vicinity of New York unless well protected. The 
roots may be carried over in a frame. 

258 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

every high wind. Salvia azurea and its improved variety, 
■grandiflora, should be planted where Rue bushes, Phlox, or 
some other sturdy plant may be used as a prop. Stout 
clumps of Salvia uliginosa are fine set out with the lovely 
magenta Loosestrife, and such a delicately coloured Phlox 
as Madame Paul Dutrie would be a good third in the 
group. 

This is but the half of August's robust symphony. The 
rest is set to a much deeper tone and rolls forward son- 
orously to meet the great autumn requiem. One of its 
grandest notes is sounded by the Tiger Lily. 

The Tiger Lily is, next to the Phlox, the most important 
plant in the early August garden, but I am sometimes sadly 
put to it to prevent noisy warfare between these rivals. Of 
course the curious "grenadine" colour of the Tiger Lilies 
cannot be trusted to stand amiably in the vicinity of any of 
the innumerable pink Phloxes, though with some of the 
sharp scarlet sorts and a few of the coolest of the lavenders 
it does well enough. My garden, through the arrangement 
of architectural features, the placing of flowering trees or 
tall-growing perennials, is contrived into many small sections. 
It is not possible at any time to see all over it from any 
viewpoint and so I may have my Tiger Lilies, great masses 
of them, and my pink Phlox to the point of satiation, without 
fear of open discord. Again we have recourse to the cool 
blues — the Aconites, Sea Hollies, Veronica spicata. Globe 
Thistles, Campanula pyramidalis, and the pale E. Molineux 
to companion this bold plant. It lends itself well to inter- 
planting and nothing is better for this purpose than the 
dark blue Monkshood (Aconitum Napellus) and its pretty 

259 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

blue-and-white variety, bicolor. The great candelabra-like 
stalks of Lilies are very splendid mingled with the more 
lightly made panicles of hooded flowers, and the more the 
two spread and crowd each other the more splendid is the 
display. A bold group shows the Tiger Lily planted with 
tall spires of pale Mullein and masses of partly spent 
Veronica spicata, with a few stalks of Hemerocallis Kwanso 
that almost repeats the colour of the Lily. One still bolder 
has our Lily interplanted with Veronica virginica with a 
foreground of Phlox Coquelicot and a pale, late-flowering 
Lemon Lily that I think is Hemerocallis citrina. At its feet 
blue and white Carpathian Harebells flower tumultuously, 
and over its head, swinging from a cedar arch, are the 
strange scarlet urn-shaped blossoms of Clematis coccinea. 
The scarlet Trumpet Creeper might well climb the wall at 
the back of this group among the English Ivy which is 
already there. 

The Tiger Lily is one of the few Lilies that grows like any 
other hardy plant under ordinary garden conditions. It 
"seeds" itself prolifically as well as carrying on operations 
underground and one may very shortly give away Tiger 
Lily bulbs as one gives roots of Phlox and Michaelmas 
Daisies. I know several places in Orange County that are 
completely overrun with it — the great stalks of nodding 
Lilies rising close to the dusty roadside. Hemerocallis flava, 
the orange Day Lily, is also often called the Tiger Lily, 
and it is frequently found growing along the roadside. 

Lilium Henryi is a beautiful August-flowering Lily of recent 
introduction that promises to be of the gracious managable- 
ness of L. tigrinum. I have but a few bulbs of it so far, as 

260 



COLOUR IN A NORTH BORDER 

AUGUST 6th 



/T IS perhaps difficult to see, when looking 
at the June picture of this bit of border, 
Plate No. 11 {June 20th), where all the plants 
shown in the opposite picture could have been 
hiding during the all-covering exuberance of that 
flowery month. There they were, however, await- 
ing their chance, and here they are making us 
forget in the richness of their display the more 
frivolous loveliness of young summer. 

Of course the white Goat's Rue is a "hand-me- 
down " from the earlier season and is good for a 
full fortnight yet. The Delphiniums and An- 
chusas of the earlier picture were interplanted 
with Aconites {Aconitum Napellus and its va- 
riety bicolor) whose sprays of blue and white 
flowers are conspicuous in the picture. The 
tall white-flowered plant is the Culverwort {Ve- 
ronica virginlca), and the scarlet Phlox is Coque- 
licot. 

As autumn claims the garden for her own long 
branches of a hardy Aster, hitherto unnoticed, 
suddenly burst into a heathlike flowering. The 
name of the Aster is Novelty. Its colour is a 
curious soft pink which is in nice accord with the 
cold blue Aconites {Aconitum autumnale) that 
are arranged to companion it. 




PLATE NO. 20 
SEE PLATE NO. 1 1 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

they are still rather expensive, but it is already showing the 
spreading ways of the former and apparently asks no special 
treatment. Its flowers, that are of the form of the speciosum 
Lilies, wear a splendid golden apricot colour, and the stalks 
grow very tall and strong. I think it might appear well 
with the porcelain blue blossoms of Clematis Davidiana, 
the new varieties of which, Profusion, Crepuscle, and Gerbe 
Fleuri, are real improvements over the old. 

Another indispensable flower of strong colour is the 
Torch Lily (Kniphofia). Although usually regarded as one 
of September's gayest decorations, there are varieties that 
give their best to August, and the great spears thrust 
through a mass of cool blue or lavender or white are arrest- 
ing indeed. Some of these early bloomers are Express, a 
beautiful coral red; Leichtlini, Pfitzeri, Torchlight, and 
Tysoni, a splendid sort with bluish foliage and soft scarlet 
and yellow torches. All the Kniphofias require care over 
the winter in the vicinity of New York; south of Phila- 
delphia they are hardy enough. Mr. Farr says the best 
way to protect them is "to heel them in by digging a shallow 
trench and laying them close together in a slanting position 
in a dry location, covering them with about six inches of 
earth. . . . They may also be kept in dry earth in a 
cool cellar." If left in the garden the plants should not be 
cut down in the fall, nor divided, but given a heavy covering 
of straw. They should always be set out in spring. 

Eight or ten of these Torch Lilies is not too large a 
number for a group in a large garden and with them may 
be set Veronica longifolia and V. virginica, blue and white 
Chinese Bellflowers, Campanula lactiflora and C.pyramidalis, 

265 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Corn Flowers, Love-in-a-mist, the great Sea Lavender, 
Salvia Blue Beard, lavender coloured annual Larkspur, 
salmon and flame-coloured Zinnias and Snapdragons, 
flaming Montbretias in groups of a dozen or fifteen, 
lavender China Asters, and little spreads of soft-coloured 
Ageratum. 

With the Sunflowers and Coneflowers (Rudbeckia) we 
get rather harsh colour though it is not nearly so objection- 
able as it would have been in the earlier year. Most of the 
members of these two families are too coarse and pervasive 
for the dressed flower garden and are more at home among 
the jolly Joe Pyes and Golden Rods of the August meadows. 
The annual Cut-and-come-agains I do not sow any more 
even for cutting, though some of the pale coloured sorts are 
rather pretty. 

The double forms of Helianthus multiflorus — Golden 
Ball, Soleil d'Or, and plenus — are among the best of 
hardy plants, having shining, persistent foliage and up- 
right carriage. The rigidus type to which belong Miss 
Mellish, Rev. C. WoUy Dod, and Daniel Dewar, should, I 
think, be excluded from the flower garden. Many years ago 
I set out a few roots in a long border against the garden wall 
and now it is only by means of the most strenuous measures 
that any other plant can get so much as a root-hold in this 
border. Every year we dig it out at least a foot and remove 
every smallest particle of root that we can find and yet, 
when August comes round, there is always the brazen din 
of those Sunflowers sounding above the deeper notes of 
imperial Ironweed and old purple Phlox that grow in the 
same border. The association is very pretty and one would 

266 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

be glad enough to have a few bunches of the gay yellow 
things about the garden, for their growth is graceful and 
they may be drawn down over bare spaces in the borders. 
But while all their ways are so gay and careless above 
ground, beneath the surface their intentions are sinister: 
they are forming an almost impregnable mat of roots in the 
loose garden soil that spells destruction to any plant that 
we are so unwise as to place near them. There is a sort 
known as H. Maximilianii that I think may be a variety 
of giganteus, whose great proportions would not be tolerated 
within the garden enclosure save that it is often to be found 
blooming in November. 

With the yellow Sunflowers I love to grow fluffy Boltonia 
and the warm-coloured Iron weed (Vernonia arkansana). For 
this last plant I am always pleased at the opportunity to 
say a good word, for though it is a wild plant, quite un- 
improved, and little used to cultivation, all its ways are 
seemly. Its roots are stay-at-homes, its growth splendidly 
upright, its colour imperial and gracious. There is no finer 
plant of the late summer and early autumn for the back of 
the border. There with sprays of yellow Sunflowers, in 
spite of our efforts, groups of bluish Rue bushes and masses 
of late white Phlox, it creates one of my favourite pictures. 
The Ironweed is one of the few American plants that I do 
not find appreciated by English gardeners. Now and then 
I come upon it in lists of plants for special purposes, but 
there is never the warm praise of its beauty and usefulness 
that it undoubtedly deserves. 

For bold groups in the shrubbery there are several 
yellow composites too large in scale for the borders. Of 

267 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

these, the cure-all of our Grandmothers' days. Inula Helen- 
ium or Elecampane is handsome, with its gray-green 
leaves and tall stems of great yellow flowers. The Giant 
Groundsel of China, Senecio clivorum, is a striking subject 
for damp situations or in partial shade where the sun will 
not scorch its enormous leathery leaves. Bupthalmium 
cordatum, with large heart-shaped leaves and handsome 
orange-coloured flowers four or five inches across, might 
also have a place where broad planting is practised. 



268 



CHAPTER XVII 
A WORD FOR COLOURED FOLIAGE 



CHAPTER XVII 
A WORD FOR COLOURED FOLIAGE 

You ought to love colour and to think nothing quite beautiful or perfect 
without it. — RusKiN. 

IN AMERICA, where the sun-hastened flowers have 
a short individual life tenure, it takes an immense 
variety of plants to maintain a succession of bloom 
in our gardens, and we do not sufTiciently appreciate the 
importance of fine foliage of a permanent character that 
will enable us to keep the borders fresh and full when the 
flowers are not in evidence. That this fine foliage should 
also be handsomely coloured is in some cases an added 
advantage and one that we should be quick to make use of 
when we feel that persistent colour is desirable. 

Of course coloured leaved plants and shrubs have been 
so unfortunately used in the past as lawn specimens and 
in bedding out that they are at present out of favour. Many 
of them, too, are quite too ginger-bready for any beauty at 
all, but there are others freshly variegated, soft gray, or 
rich purplish-maroon that are both fine and distinct and 
which, when carefully chosen and used with restraint, will 
add much to the borders and shrubberies. 

After its spring flowering the shrubbery, for the most 

271 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

part, settles into an inert greenness too uniform in tone for 
beauty. This period of monotony may be greatly relieved 
by a thoughtful grouping of some of the best of the coloured 
leaved shrubs. These should never be dotted about pro- 
miscuously, however, but massed, one kind at a time, and the 
harmonious setting of each group carefully considered. The 
so-called "purple-leaved" trees and shrubs are very hand- 
some. Two of the best are the purple-leaved Plum (Prunus 
Pissardi) and the "blood-leaved" Peach (Prunus persica 
foliis rubris). The Peach is a bit lighter in colour than the 
other and all through the summer continues to send forth 
young shoots clothed in almost transparent leafage that has 
the colour of a ruby, giving the little tree a most attractive 
variety of tone and texture. Both these trees experience an 
ecstatic blossoming in April — just a moment when they 
stand arrayed, as for some mystic festival, before the warm 
leafage claims the twigs and branches. We plant Crocuses 
beneath them to make a picture with the blossoms, and later 
when the rich foliage has developed we love to see gay pink 
and cherry coloured Tulips streaming away from beneath the 
shadowing branches. 

In my own garden a Dorothy Perkins Rose climbs the 
wall beside my group of Purple Plum-trees and throws its 
great trusses of pink blossoms across the purple branches 
with fine effect. 

The purple Barberry (Berberis vulgaris foliis purpureis) 
is a handsome shrub. I like to see it well massed as a fore- 
ground for a group of Paul's Scarlet Thorn, with clumps of 
Tulip, Pride of Haarlem or Clara Butt, set against its 
richly sombre foliage. In the garden borders it is very 

272 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

effective used behind Irises of the pinky-mauve tones, 
Fraxinella, hybrid Pyrethrums, and for an autumn picture, 
grouped with the beautiful Desmodium penduliflorum. 

The Purple Beech is perhaps the finest of its kind but 
it becomes too large a tree for use in the shrubbery or in the 
flower borders. There is also a purple-leaved Filbert 
(Corylus avellana purpurea) that is both distinct and 
beautiful and the purple Sumach (Rhus Cotinus purpurea) , 
of which good use might be made. Some of the vivacious 
little Japanese Maples could be better employed massed 
among other shrubs or used as spots of high colour in the 
flower borders than as at present — like ships on fire and 
calling for help in a waste of green grass ocean. The best of 
these — I hesitate to write its terrible name — is Acer 
polymorphum atropurpureum nigrum. This is the true 
blood-leaved variety and keeps its colour throughout the 
season. Such a variety as versicolor, with red, green, and 
white leaves, is a bit fantastic for good taste. 

The yellow and white variegated plants and shrubs are a 
bit more difficult to manage and should be used only after 
careful consideration of their surroundings. Of the her- 
baceous things especially, many are poorly coloured and 
of weedy character, and there is a decided choice among the 
shrubs. 

The Golden Privet is, I think, one of the best of the 
yellow-leaved shrubs. In the herbaceous border it is very 
attractive used in a section of the border where dim blue 
flowers, Campanulas, Veronicas, and Aconites prevail; or 
employed to accentuate the sunshiny effect of groups of 
yellow and white flowers. The golden Elder, too, is a very 

273 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

good shrub and there is a pretty Mock-orange (Philadelphus 
coronarius foliis aureis) whose small creamy blossoms are 
in delightful accord with its "golden" leafage. As the 
season advances this variety loses some of its colour. 
Besides these we have "golden" Box, Euonymus, Retinis- 
pora, Arborvitae, Japanese Maples, Dogwoods, Weigelas, 
Hibiscus, Kerria, Ribes, and Filberts from which any who 
are interested may choose. 

I am very fond of the Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera 
japonica), the leaves of which are finely variegated. It 
climbs a trellis with a fluffy white Rose called Bennett's 
Seedling and all through the season plays an important part 
in the colour scheme of its neighbourhood, where white and 
buff Hollyhocks, white Musk Mallows, Creamy Mulleins, 
and yellow Evening Primroses make their home. 

For the golden-leaved herbaceous plants I cannot confess 
to so much admiration, though I think their usefulness in 
some situations is undoubted. Certainly the rampant 
Goutweed (AegipodiumPodograria), that old-fashioned folk 
call Soapsuds, is a delightful underplanting for shrubs in by- 
places where there is no danger of this prodigious "doer" 
overrunning and annihilating choicer subjects. The varie- 
gated Funkia, too, that one sees so often edging the paths 
or encircling the lozenge-shaped beds in country gardens, is 
particularly fresh and cheerful. 

Not so well known is Arrhenanthemum bulbosum folia 
variegata — a wee thing to stagger under such an astounding 
name. It is a small grass, only about six inches in height, 
freshly striped yellow and green, and really makes a delight- 
ful edging. Then there is, of course, the tall striped grass — 

274 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Ribbon Grass or Gardeners' Garters — known to all frequenters 
of old gardens, or loiterers along country by-ways, that 
seems to belong naturally among Sweet Williams and Fox- 
gloves and faint lavender Canterbury Bells and is not by 
any means to be despised as a garden decoration. 

The well-known Golden Feather (Pyrethrum partheni- 
folium aureum), upon which the faith of all bedders-out used 
once to be pinned to insure a permanent yellow glare, is yet 
a pretty edging for blue and yellow and white flowers. To 
keep it shapely and full its aspiring tendencies may be 
nipped back, and it should be started in the house in 
February or March. 

There are many other plants of varying merit with 
"golden" or "silver" variegated foliage; the quaint, country- 
looking Euphorbia, known as Snow-on-the-mountain, the 
golden-leaved Coltsfoot (Tussilago), good for a ground 
cover beneath shrubs, or to spread over banks of heavy 
clay where little else will grow; the pretty Periwinkle, 
perhaps the most used to-day of these plants; the very old- 
fashioned Valeriana Phu aurea; the really charming golden- 
leaved Thyme, and many others. 

But of all the coloured leaved plants and shrubs none is 
so really beautiful and so entirely indispensable as those 
that wear the silvery or bluish tones. These fill a place in 
the garden that no other plants can fill; among the gay 
garden flowers, the trails and mounds and breadths of 
soft neutral foliage soothe our colour-excited nerves and 
give us great aesthetic pleasure. We do not usually take 
gray into consideration as a garden colour, yet there are so 
many really fine plants that wear it, or variations upon its 

275 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

quiet theme, that we are enabled to enjoy it as freely in the 
garden as we do elsewhere. 

Particularly in gardens where there is much stone work, 
this gentle, mediating tone is of marked value, seeming 
to draw the widely differing materials that go to make up 
the garden into a more sympathetic relationship. And in 
autumn, when the clamour of gay colours is silenced, the 
gray-leaved plants gleam with a special significance and 
beauty, keeping our garden fresh and well adorned for yet 
many weeks. 

To be wholly effective, these sober-hued plants should be 
used with a fairly lavish hand, not dotted about among 
gayer colours where their quiet sway would scarcely be 
felt. They are most effective among light-coloured flowers, 
mauves and pinks, pale buff, and particularly with white 
flowers. 

I do not know of many gray-leaved shrubs. A number 
of the Willows have fine silvery foliage and grow satis- 
factorily in other situations than by the waterside. Salix 
rosmarinifolia is one of the best, and we have Salix alba 
argentea that grows to quite a good-sized tree, the Royal 
Willow, and several others. The Silver-leaved Oleasters 
(Eleagnus argentea and angustifolium) are Willow-like 
shrubs with delicate gray foliage and ornamental fruit. 
The Sea Buckthorn (Hippophoe rhamnoides) has grayish 
foliage and there are two new Japanese Bush-honeysuckles 
(Lonicera Korolkowii and L. thibetica) said to be very 
fine, with fragrant pink blossoms and silver-green foliage. 
Besides these there are "silver" Elms, Ashes, Lindens, 
Hollies, and a number of evergreens that show a silvered or 

276 



SUMMER MOONLIGHT 

AUGUST lOTH 



TTERE in the transfiguring light of the Lady 
jLI Moon we see the tender pink Phlox Peach- 
blow, the long grasslike leaves of Lyme Grass, 
and across the path the strong foliage of Iris. 

Earlier upon this spot bloomed insistent scar- 
let Poppies and lace-like Valerian. Plate No. 
8 {May 28th). 




PLATE NO. 21 
SEE PLATE NO. 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

hoary surface. The Blue Spruce, relieved of its existence as 
a lawn specimen, might be most effectively massed as a back- 
ground for pink Phlox, or grouped with purple-leaved Maples. 

Of gray plants for the border none is finer than the Sea 
Lyme Grass (Elymus arenarius, listed in some catalogues as 
E.glaucus) that is well shown in Plates 13 and 14. All through 
the summer and autumn and until snow is on the ground 
its strong, grasslike foliage retains the beautiful colour, 
taking its place harmoniously with whatever scheme of 
colour is the fashion of the moment in its neighbourhood, 
and outlasting them all. Stachys lanata is another of great 
beauty and usefulness. This is a low-growing plant with 
long silver velvet leaves that bind the border verge in 
company with patches of pink Thrift and lavender Nepeta 
Mussini with an effect most delightful. The Nepeta itself 
has charming gray-green foliage that accords pleasantly with 
its mauve flower spikes. 

Rue (Ruta graveolens) is a plant of rare beauty and 
elegance. It is the old time-honoured medicinal herb, but 
is quite fit to serve a less material use in the garden 
world. Its delicately cut foliage shines with metallic lights 
that increase in lustre as the season advances. The bush 
grows almost three feet tall and should be well cut over 
occasionally to keep it in form. Few finer accompaniments 
could be found for pink Phlox, Michaelmas Daisies, or any 
flowers belonging to the magenta group. Other fine gray- 
leaved plants are: 

Lychnis Coronaria (Mullein Pink) , both the aster-purple 
and the white sorts, 3 ft.; June through August. Easily 
raised from seed. 

281 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Artemisia abrotanum (Southernwood), shrubby, 3 ft.; 
foliage hoary and fragrant. 

Artemisia Stellariana (Old Woman), 18 in.; foliage delicate 
and silvery, increases rapidly and is one of the best. 

Artemisia vulgaris (Mugwort), tall rather coarse herb 
with whitish leaves finely cut. Handsome for groups in 
shrubbery. Grown from seed. Also Artemisia frigida and 
pedemontana. 

Cerastium tomentosum (Snow-in-Sunmier), trailing; sil- 
ver foliage and white flowers in May. 

Antennaria tomentosa, creeping; white flowers. 

Malva officinalis (Common Mallow), seed; 4 ft.; gray 
velvet leaves and small mauve-pink blossoms — lovely. 

Salvia officinalis (Garden Sage), hoary leafage and spikes 
of blue flowers. 

Santolina incana (Lavender Cotton), bushy, 18 in.; very 
fine. 

Festuca glauca (Blue Fescue Grass), low tufted grass, 
very pretty as an edging among lavender and purple Violas 
and pink Thrift. 

Pyrethrum leucophyllum, dwarf; only a few inches tall; 
silvery, finely cut foliage. Seed. 

Thalictrum glaucum (Glaucous Meadow Rue), 6 ft. ; yellow 
flowers; beautiful foliage. 

Veronica incana (Gray-leaved Speedwell), 6 in.; blue 
flowers. Seed. 

Anthemis montana, and A. Cupaniana 1 ft. white flowers 
and finely cut foliage. Seed. 

Funkia Sieboldiana and Fortunei, 18 in. broad, spreading; 
blue-green leaves. 

282 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Other plants of gray or glaucous leafage are: Sedum 
Sieboldi, Sedum glaucum and Sedum spectabilis. Mulleins, 
Globe Thistles, Sea Hollies, Pinks in large and enchanting 
variety, Arabis, yellow Alyssum, Thymus lanuginosus. Iris 
pallida dalmatica, Linaria dalmatica, Centaurea dealbata, 
Baptisia australis, Helychrysum angustifolium. 

Some annuals have good gray foliage. Chief among these 
are the plants known as Dusty Miller, Centaurea candidis- 
sima and Cineraria maritima. These were once extensively 
used in ribbon gardening and bedding, but are as fine and 
useful in the more graceful and gracious gardening of our 
own day. They should be started indoors or in a frame in 
February or March and set out when settled weather is 
assured. 

I am ever on the lookout for new gray-leaved plants. 
There is always the possibility in visiting a nursery or in 
reading a garden book that I shall see or have news of a new 
one. Miss Jekyll, who, I think, first directed our attention 
to the beauty and usefulness of this class of plants, speaks 
of two that I have not yet had the opportunity to try — 
the Jerusalem Sage (Phlomis fruticosa) and Euphorbia 
characias. 

A free use of these quiet-toned plants seems to soothe all 
the conflicting elements of the garden into a happy relation- 
ship and creates in the mind of the beholder an impression 
of tranquil unity and accord. 



283 



CHAPTER XVIII 
BEDDING OUT 



CHAPTER XVIII 
BEDDING OUT 

Nothing is more the child of art than a garden. 

— Sir Walter Scott. 

IT REQUIRES some fortitude in this day to express 
approval of the bedding-out system. It has de- 
parted, or should have, with the days of anti- 
macassars and hand-painted tambourines, and no one wants 
this period of terrible and useless ornament to return; yet it 
seems to me that there are times and places where we may 
still "bed out" with propriety and even grace. 

Where there are flower beds on a terrace that extends 
along the facade of the dwelling there would be reason to 
resort to this sort of planting. Such a conspicuous situation 
should not be at the mercy of the ups and downs, the 
defections and general uncertainness that prevails in the 
region devoted to perennials and annuals, where their 
half-wild ways are simply an additional charm. On the 
contrary, in such a position we should enjoy a display of 
persistent colour and exact arrangement, only to be attained 
by the use of law-abiding bedders, long trained to march in 
rows and to suppress any ideas of their own about spreading 
and general emancipation. A spot so treated can never be 

287 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

regarded as the garden. It is what John Sedding calls 
"the betweenity," neither house nor garden, but relating to 
both; a seemly setting for the house and a little breathing 
space of preparedness before we descend the steps or round 
the corner into the gay special atmosphere of the garden. 

Again, when an owner has not the time or perhaps the 
taste for gardening, the constant bedders will rescue his 
plot from the stolid dominance of the Hydrangea and the 
meagre forlornity of the pining Roses one sees in such 
impersonally conducted places, and keep it bright and 
personable from frost to frost. 

Of course while there are so many happily grubbing 
gardeners in the world, bedding will never again gain any 
real foothold upon the land, and yet there are situations 
where its fresh and persistent colour and precise outlines 
would be a relief to the eye; not arranged in the intricacies 
of the parterres de broderie of old, but with what grace and 
prettiness we may command. 

The very phrase, "Spring Bedding," is delightfully 
suggestive to me. The world is so fresh and tidy in the 
spring; one sees the strict young greensward with its 
cleanly interrupting beds of moist brown mould and one's 
imagination sets to work washing in the colours upon its 
expectant surface. Of course we paint in Tulips— not as of 
old — Due van Tholl, scarlet; Chrysolora, yellow; and some 
white sort in stars and circles — but having recourse to all the 
exquisite tints and shades to be suggested by the most 
extravagant mind, used in graceful if formal association 
with plants of quite other forms. The only bedding out I 
ever did was in two beds in my flower garden that were 

288 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

destined for perennials still in seedhood. They were 
planted respectively with white Arabis and pink Cottage 
Maid Tulips and Forget-me-nots and early yellow Tulips — 
such spreads of fresh and sprightly colours! They did not 
last half long enough for me to look my fill. 

The so-called " early " Tulips seem to lend themselves with 
particular propriety to bedding. Their shorter stems and 
crisp, upstanding habit better fit the conventional treatment 
than do the long, willowy stemmed blooms of the May or 
Cottage Tulips. The Darwins are of more upright carriage 
but they linger overlong and make us late with our summer 
bedding. There are numbers of pretty plants to be used as 
a ground cover for the Tulips — Arabis, Golden Alyssum, 
Aubrietia, "Violas, Polyanthus Primroses, Forget-me-nots, 
Pansies, and English Daisies. Wallflowers make lovely 
spring beds in themselves — brown and russet and gold, but 
grow rather too tall and bushy to accompany the Tulips. 

All these cover plants should be raised from seed sown 
in spring in a by-place where they may remain until they 
are wanted. Then in the autumn when the summer bedders 
have succumbed these may be cleared away and the nice 
little tufts of spring promise set in even rows or circles in 
the beds with Tulips, or if one likes, Hyacinths set between. 
Perhaps Daffodils are a bit giddy for such conventional 
treatment, yet they would be lovely shining above purple 
Pansies or frollicking among Forget-me-nots. A few com- 
binations for spring beds that might be tried are : 

Aubrietia Dr. Mules and Tulip Chrysolora. 
Aubrietia Fire King and Tulip White Hawk. 
Aubrietia Lavender and pink Hyacinth Jacques. 

289 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Forget-me-nots and white Tulip Queen of Whites. 
Forget-me-nots and rose TuHp Flamingo. 
Forget-me-nots and yellow Tulip Golden King. 
Arabis and blue Hyacinth Czar Peter. 
Arabis and Tulip Joost von Vondle. 
Primula polyanthus, and Tulip Thomas Moore. 
Primula polyanthus and Forget-me-nots. 
English Daisies and Pansies. 
English Daisies and pink Tulips. 

While I am certainly for bedding out within certain 
limits and with certain plants, I am all against it done in 
those plants that once made up the "turgid mosaics" against 
which Maeterlinck writes so feelingly. Here is the taboo list : 
Alternanthera, Caladiums, Caster-oil Plants, Dracaena indi- 
visa, Coleus, Coxcomb, Cannas, Cupheas, Abutilon Savitzii 
and Achyranthes, Acalypha, Begonia Rex, Crotons and 
Echeveria. Lantanas were favourite bedding plants of yore. 
I remember that my father always stood out for two 
lozenge-shaped beds of Lantanas on the terrace in front of 
our old stone house, and how he gloried in their vivacious 
colours and ignored their terrible odour. This peculiarly 
sickening odour is as fresh in my memory as when I vainly 
strove to share my mother's gently amused tolerance of my 
father's favourites. I have not seen Lantanas since we 
closed the gate upon the dear Maryland garden, but some- 
one must still be setting them out in lozenge-shaped beds, 
for they are to be found in all the plantsmen's Usts of 
bedding plants to-day. 

Without resorting to the taboo list there is much good 
material at hand for use in summer bedding. I am very 
fond of Geraniums, myself. There is much beauty in their 

290 



GARDEN OUTLAWS 

AUGUST 29TH 



TyOTH the Old Purple Phlox and the Sun- 
_LJ flowers have been many times removed 
from this border, but a season of relaxed vigilance 
sees them again in possession as shown in the 
present illustration. 

Growing with them is the pale and lovely 
Phlox Madam Paul Dutrie, Rue, and, in the 
foreground, the shrubby Clematis Davidiana. 
A little later the filmy inflorescence of white 
Boltonias and the purple plumes of Ironweed 
will be added to the group, carrying it along until 
mid-autumn. 

In the spring, after the Daffodils have passed, 
this border edge is buried beneath a fluttering 
cloud of azure Flax and gay Spanish Poppies 
(Papaver rupifragum) through which gleam here 
and there pure-white Columbines. 

In June Iris Albert Victor and white Fox- 
gloves create the picture, and in July the flowers 
seen in this portion of the border are the tall 
yellow Evening Primrose Afterglow and blue 
Spiked Veronica. 




PLATE NO. 22 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

frank, pure colours, untroubled foliage, and the warm scent 
is always agreeable. I think a bed of such a satiny salmon- 
coloured Geranium as Mrs. Lawrence, with an edge of dwarf 
Ageratum, would be charming. Lavender and white 
Horned Violets would make pleasant bindings for beds of 
scarlet, pink, or white Geraniums; and dwarf Snapdragons, 
Mignonette, Verbenas, Phlox Drummondii, in suitable 
colours, might also be used. 

No bedding plant is so sweet and reposeful in appearance 
as Heliotrope. A bed of Heliotrope, or Cherry Pie, as it was 
once called, edged with white Horned Violets or frilly white 
Petunias is a delight to the eye and "comforts the spirits" 
by its rich fragrance all through the summer and early 
autumn. I have seen such a bed interplanted with pale 
pink Gladiolus like America, or with the handsome summer 
Hyacinth (Galtonia), but I like best the simpler arrange- 
ment. 

The waxen Tuberous Begonias — that "tribe of turbulent 
fighting-cocks" — need not be altogether scorned as bedders. 
They are a bit artificial in appearance, yet the colours are 
very splendid and beds of them make gay breaks in a stone 
terrace or shine handsomely upon the greensward. They 
prefer a light, rich loam with some sand. They should be 
lifted at the first hint of frost and allowed to dry before 
being packed away in sand in a frost-proof cellar. The 
dwarf-growing forms of Begonia semperflorens are better 
for bedding. 

For beds in shady places nothing is more graceful than 
Fuchsias, with their pendent, warm-coloured flowers — soft 
crimson and purple, old rose and scarlet. They might be 

295 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

thickly underplanted with the rich purple Horned Violet 
G. Wenberg. Mr. E. T. Cook says: "Cuttings of the 
young plants strike root readily in spring and the plants so 
obtained may be grown in various ways. If the tops are 
pinched out two or three times when the plants are young 
they form neat bushes; next, allowed to grow at will with 
the leading shoots tied to a stake, they assume naturally 
more or less of a pyramidal habit, while standards, which 
are admired by many, are formed by tying the plants up- 
right, and removing all the side shoots until the required 
height is attained, when the upper portion of the plant 
which is to form the head may be allowed to branch out." 

The least expensive, and often very pretty, bedding may 
be done with annuals, though of course there is an element 
of uncertainty and a bit of waywardness not present when 
use is made of the regular bedders. To insure an early 
blossoming annuals should be raised in a hotbed or frame, 
or in a box in a sunny window. Seed thus started in Febru- 
ary or March, pricked out into other boxes or tiny pots 
when the plants are possessed of two or three leaves, 
provides thrifty little plants for the beds by the time 
danger of frost is past. Seed for this purpose should 
not be bought "mixed," and only varieties that flower 
the whole season should be chosen. Some useful kinds 
are: Verbenas, pink and white and scarlet; French Mari- 
golds, Calendulas, Zinnias; Petunias Rosy Morn, Dou- 
ble White, and the handsome violet-blue Velchenblau; 
Snapdragons, Intermediate varieties and the Tom Thumbs, 
Stocks (Cut-and-come-again varieties), Alyssum Little Gem 
or White Fleece, Browallia speciosa major. Calceolaria 

296 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Golden Redder, Salvia patens and S. Rluebeard, Dimor- 
photeca aurantiaca, Ageratum tall and dwarf, both mauve 
and white; Lobelia Crystal Palace for its intense blue 
flowers and bronzy foliage, Emperor William for a lighter 
shade, Snowball for white; Matricaria Rridal Robe, Nico- 
tiana, Pentstemon Southgate Gem and Sensation; and the 
three Dusty Millers — Cineraria maritima, Centaurea candi- 
dissima, and C. gymnocarpa. 

If tall plants like Nicotiana are used, they should be 
carefully staked, for a beaten-down bed is irrevocably 
ruined. All faded blossoms should be removed that the 
beds may maintain a neat appearance and the plants con- 
tinue to bloom freely. 

Here are a few beds that would be attractive: Salmon 
Zinnias edged with light Ageratum ; deep-coloured Ageratum 
with Alyssum "White Fleece; Calendula Lemon Queen and 
white Phlox Drummondii; Nicotiana and Rlue Lobelia; 
Salvia patens and Petunia Rosy Morn; Salvia Rluebeard 
and California Poppies; Snapdragon Rose Dore and Dusty 
Miller; Snapdragon Orange King and Ageratum. 

Perhaps the most beautiful of summer and autumn beds 
are made with China Roses and Nepeta Mussini, or thickly 
carpeted with lavender, purple, or white Viola cornuta. For 
this purpose one variety of China Rose only should be used 
in a bed. Cramoisi Superieur is a glowing crimson Rose 
that blossoms freely from May until frost and is charming 
with a ground cover of vivacious little lavender and white 
Viola Papilio. The Rose and Amber Comtesse du Cayla 
is brilliant above a shadow of dark purple Viola G. Wenberg. 
Some of the best of the China and Bengal Roses are: 

297 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Madame Eugene Resal, pink and orange; Mile, de la 
Vellette, very brilliant orange and vermilion; Queen Mab, 
soft blush and yellow; Laurette Messimy, rose and amber; 
Arethusa, apricot and yellow; Ducher, white, and Mrs. 
Bosanquet, blush. Beds of the "Old Blush" China Rose and 
Nepeta Mussini are charming all through the season. 
Violas may be raised from seed and started indoors in 
March and will commence to bloom in July, continuing until 
frost, and starting in again in late May with the Roses. 

Of course all such beds must be looked after very care- 
fully; plants kept from straggling, edges trimmed with 
precision, weeds removed, and the whole kept watered and 
cultivated. In such conventional planting we may admit 
of no dwindling or pining, no sprawling or untidiness of any 
sort, for it is upon the crisp artificiality of its perfection 
that the beauty and usefulness of bedding out is contingent. 



298 



CHAPTER XIX 
MICHAELMAS DAISIES 



CHAPTER XIX 
MICHAELMAS DAISIES 

A symphony in purple, the colour of the organ peal are they. 

— Martha Flint. 

SOMEWHERE I have read that there are ten thousand 
members of the ubiquitous clan Compositae, but 
sad to tell most of them are the most graceless weeds. 
Among the rowdy crew we find Horseweed, Ragweed, 
Beggar-ticks, Burdock, Dandelion, Hawkweed, Mayweed, 
Wild Lettuce, and a host of others that deserve to be frowned 
upon, but like the little girl in the nursery rhyme, when 
they are good the composites are very, very good, and 
never do they attain to such an eminence of goodness as in 
the Michaelmas Daisy. There are few more useful and 
charming flowers for use in the hardy garden. Many 
flowers, however, suffer the fate of prophets and have no 
honour in their own country. Our Michaelmas Daisy is one 
of these. 

More than three hundred years ago young Tradescant, 
son of the great gardener of the seventeenth century, took 
back with him from America to the Royal Gardens in Eng- 
land a number of our wild flowers, among them the pretty wild 
Aster or Michaelmas Daisy that bears his name (Aster Tra- 

301 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

descanti). Since then many other wild Asters of the United 
States have crossed the water and occupy proud places in the 
finest gardens; while here, though their charm challenges us 
from every roadside and woodland tangle, our autumn 
gardens are still largely held in the harsh grip of Cannas and 
Salvias whose strident clamour is silenced by the first 
onslaught of the frost king. The Michaehnas Daisy, on 
the contrary, blooms in its different species and varieties, 
from August until November finds it still softly gleaming 
unharmed by fierce frosts and little dismayed by the signs 
of hasty departure all about. It seems most extraordinary 
that these flowers have been so slow to win the appre- 
ciation that they most certainly merit. Few are so easy 
to grow and to increase, few have so sturdy a constitution 
and none, known to me, fill the garden with such a tide of 
gracious and harmonious colour. How often are we blind 
to the things "beneath our shoon," looking abroad for 
novelties and rarities that more often than not give a 
meagre showing for all our pains, while all about us are 
native flowers fit to grace the finest gardens. 

Our nurserymen are now offering us long lists of Michael- 
mas Daisies. Most of these are native wild species or have 
been developed from them. For those of the acris, amellus 
and alpinus sections, however, we must credit Europe, and 
Aster Thomsoni, a distinct species, comes from the Him- 
alayas. In many cases the wild species has been superseded 
by a garden variety of greater merit. The weediness in- 
herent in all the composites is being gradually eliminated, 
but the peculiar grace that is the birthright of the Michaehnas 
Daisy remains to fit them for almost any position. In wild 

302 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

gardening they adorn the landscape as fittingly as a cloud 
the sky, and in the most formal arrangements they are no less 
at home. In colour they seem, save for a few Tyrian pink and 
magenta sorts, almost incapable of inharmony. The faint 
grayish tones, the hundred tints and shades of lavender, mal- 
low pink, mauve, and heliotrope, and even the deep-toned 
violet and purple sorts lend themselves happily to almost any 
association. 

The great body of hardy Asters or Michaelmas Daisies 
belongs to September, but August has a few and October 
and November also. The amellus group flowers in August 
and early September; and thereafter until frost occasional 
flowering stems are developed. The flowers are large, 
sometimes two inches across, and wear soft, porcelain-like 
tones of lavender and heliotrope. The flower stems rise 
from a tuft of attractive leafage to a height of from ten 
inches to two feet. Three of the best varieties are Beaute 
Parfaite, Beauty of Ronsdorf, and Rudolph von Goethe. 
These are plants for the front of the border, for while the 
flowering stems reach a fair height they have not the 
sturdy bushy habit of other Michaelmas Daisies and the 
tuft of leaves would be smothered among the taller growing 
plants of the early summer. It is necessary to divide 
nearly all the kinds of hardy Asters every other year, but 
Aster amellus is of more deliberate growth and may often 
be left undisturbed for three or four years without signs of 
deterioration. 

Toward the end of August Aster acris asserts its fluffy 
bloom. It is distinct in appearance and very lovely when 
well grown. It grows about two feet high, its slender 

303 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

branches closely set with linear leaves and at the top a 
carelessly fashioned head of long-rayed flowers. The variety 
nana grows but a foot tall and is a delightful subject for 
the front ranks of the borders; Thomsoni is another fairly 
early bloomer. It is a twiggy little plant about two feet in 
height that contributes its sober gray-lilac bloom a bit 
apologetically to this season of lavish gaiety. 

September, of course, is the heydey of the Michaelmas 
Daisies. My garden is aswarm with them. All summer 
long they have bided their time, pushing their way up 
through the other perennials, keeping fresh and green their 
sections of the borders, screening the blank places left by 
biennials, until now, when here and there the Woodbine 
throws out a scarlet signal, they sweep over the garden in 
such a blend of tender colour and transcendent grace that 
even the June garden in its crisp young maturity and 
bountiful beauty is not fairer. All the crudeness of the late 
summer is neutralized by the tide of tender colour, all bare 
spaces are filled by the slender bloom-clouded branches. 
This last festival of the garden is of a most rare and satis- 
fying character. 

The lists of Michaelmas Daisies now offered us have 
reached such a length that it is difficult to choose six or a 
dozen sorts with which to deck out the autumn garden, but 
there is a decided choice among them. Of the mallow-pink 
sorts two stand preeminent — St. Egwin and Mrs. Perry 
Improved. Both form sturdy bushes three to four feet' in 
height completely covered with large flowers a full inch 
across. Mrs. Perry and Perry's Pink are of the same type 
and are nearly as fine. The former has the delicate mallow- 

304 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

pink colour of St. Egwin and the latter is a tone or two 
paler. Leaving out Mrs. Perry, the other three give a 
charming scale of colour. Mrs. Perry Improved is at least 
two tones deeper than St. Egwin. With these one may 
plant much soft gray foliage, Lyme Grass and Stachys, Rue 
and Lavender Cotton, and venture now and then a sheaf 
of sky-blue Salvia azurea or S. uliginosa, white Japanese 
Windflowers, and some groups of Aconitum Wilsoni. Still 
deeper in the pink scale is Aster novae-angliae rubra which 
is improved in Mrs. J. F. Raynor. These flowers, that 
approach magenta in colour, are lovely planted among the 
fleecy Boltonias, the tall stiff stems reaching well up among 
the crowding white blossoms. 

Of the clear lavender sorts perhaps nothing finer has yet 
been produced than Feltham Blue of the New York Aster 
or novi-belgii type, though the newer Climax has many 
admirers. Top Sawyer, Robert Parker, and the later 
flowering Chapmani are tall-growing old sorts full of grace 
and soft-coloured beauty, and some of the laevis group 
have a spraylike growth that is very attractive. Gertrude 
is rather dwarf and most floriferous, and Perry's Blue with 
erect, dark stems showing through a haze of lavender bloom 
is not to be dispensed with. We might add T. S. Ware, the 
Hon. Edith Gibbs, King Edward the Seventh, and the two 
double sorts — Beauty of Colwall and Glory of Colwall, and 
not be overstocked. 

Of the strong purple sorts there is, of course, our native 
novae-angliae, but far better are Melpomene and Rycroft 
Purple, both of the same group; and F. W. Burbidge be- 
longing to the New York Starworts. 

305 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Good white Michaelmas Daisies are scarce. Peter's 
White, Finchly White (October), and White Queen are only 
fair. The little Heath Aster (A. ericoides), blooming late in 
the month, is perhaps the best, and some of the vimineus 
varieties are very like it. For white at this season it is best 
to turn to Boltonia, the ever-valuable Pyrethrum uliginosum, 
Chrysanthemum nipponicum, white Japanese Anemones, and 
Phlox Jeanne D'Arc. I am frequently asked for a list of the 
twelve best September flowering Michaelmas Daisies. I 
think the following would be my choice : 

St. Egwin, 3 ft. Mallow pink. 

Mrs. Perry Improved. Deep mallow pink. 

Perry's Pink. 35 ft. Pale mallow pink. 

Feltham Blue. 4 ft. Clear lavender. 

Climax. 5 ft. Clear lavender— late in the month. 

Mrs. J. F. Raynor. 5 ft. Magenta. Late in the month. 

Top Sawyer. 4-5 ft. Lavender. 

Gertrude. 3 ft. Lavender. 

F. W. Burbidge. 4 ft. Purple. 

Cordifolius magnificus. 4 ft. Lavender. 

Wm. Marshall. 4 ft. Clear violet. 

Chapmani. 4-5 ft. Lavender. Late in month. 

Blooming in October and November are Novelty, grandi- 
florus, cordifolius Ideal, amellus elegans, and tataricus. Of 
these A. tataricus, an Asiatic species, is the latest to bloom but 
has not great beauty to recommend it. Aster grandiflorus is 
a splendid native growing through Virginia and southward. 
It has strong, erect stems and bears large purple flowers. 
Novelty is a good tall sort of heathlike aspect and pale 
pinkish flowers crowded on the wiry stems. 

306 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

From very small gardens the strong-growing Asters like 
those of the novae-angliae and novi-beligii sections are best 
excluded and choice made among the more slender growing 
amellus, acris, ericoides, and cordifolius varieties. 

No plants at our disposal are more suitable and effective 
for naturalizing than the Hardy Asters. They are entirely 
able to take care of themselves in waste places, along stream- 
sides, or upon dry, rough banks, soon spreading into great 
breadths of lovely colour and mingling with the Golden 
Rod, Sunflowers, and flaming autumn leaves in entire 
felicity. They should be planted in broad, irregular groups, 
the tall, strong-growing novae-angliae and novi-belgii, tatari- 
cus and grandiflorus varieties toward the back with the more 
slender and dwarf sorts in a careless fringe along the edge of 
the plantation. Many will grow in shady places. Of these 
are cordifolius, corymbosus, laevis, undulatus, divaricatus, 
and acuminatus. Others crave the boggy comfort of swamps 
and stream-sides. There we find radula, Tradescanti, 
longifolius, and puniceus pulcherrimus. This last is a very 
fine plant growing five feet tall and bearing great pyramidal 
heads of faintly coloured blossoms with curiously incurved 
petals and yellow centres. 

For two of the wild Asters (unimproved) I have a special 
fondness. One is A. cordifolius, the Heart-leaved Aster, 
also called Bee "Weed and Bee Tongue; the other is A. 
linariifolius. Aster cordifolius is a graceful thing of dense, 
spraylike flowering in late September. Its colour is in- 
determinate, now gray, now white, now faintly flushed, ac- 
cording to the light and probably influenced by the soil 
in which it grows. My children say it is the colour of the 

307 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

hoar frost and have christened it Frost Bloom; and indeed 
where it covers a dry bank beneath great maple trees near 
our home one might well imagine that the white invader 
had arrived in strength and pitched his silvered tents. Its 
height is variable, from one to three feet, but its stems are 
so willowy and slender that we seldom see it upright. I 
have used it here with nice results as an underplanting to 
shrubs, and at no time is the shrubbery so attractive as 
when it shows the silver hem of Frost Bloom beneath its 
reddening garment. Aster cordifolius has its being also in 
an improved state. Lists of named varieties are given in 
some catalogues, but I have not seen them. Ideal is said 
to bloom in October; Photograph is a pale blue-lavender sort; 
Profusion, Diana, and Sweet Lavender all sound delightful. 
Of course these improved varieties are best for the flower 
borders, but for wild shaded banks, the shrubbery, and in 
half-waste places, the Frost Bloom with its wayward charm 
is surely the loveliest. 

My other favourite, A. linariifolius, is a bristly, tufted 
little plant, not more than a foot in height. Its rough, 
erect stems are closely set with narrow, stiff leaves, and bear 
a single lavender flower of a peculiar porcelain-like quality. 
I cannot learn that this little Aster is handled by the trade. 
We find it in an abandoned upland pasture where slim Red 
Cedars, sure followers upon the heels of neglect, and spread- 
ing Dogwoods have claimed the land. There growing 
thriftily in the dry grass between sumptuous spreads of 
Fringed Gentian we find now and then a tuft of Aster 
linariifolius. I have never found it in any quantity. I have 
brought it into the flower garden, planting it along the edge 

308 



EARLY AUTUMN IN THE GARDEN 

SEPTEMBER lOTH 



Tjy TURNING to Plate No. 18 {July 28th), 
Jj which portrays the same space of border 
against the eastern wall of the garden, it may be 
seen how the long branches of Helenium, Bol- 
tonia, and Michaelmas Daisies have been drawn 
over and through the Lilies, Veronicas, and other 
plants composing the midsummer display so as 
to leave no blanks either of foliage or flowers. 
These tall plants are set in fair-sized clumps 
at the very back of the border so that they con- 
stitute a fresh green background for the earlier 
flowering plants and finally cover their departure 
with their own fair flowering. 




PLATE NO. 23 
SEE PLATE NO. 18 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

of a dry, sunny border with some Corydalis for company 
and am hoping that it will not too much miss the scarlet 
Wood Lilies, the heavenly Gentians, the tiny Ladies' 
Tresses, and all the rest of the rare company that hold that 
upland pasture, and will give us the pleasure of its quaintly 
stiff blossoming next September. 



313 



CHAPTER XX 
THIS SIDE THE SNOWS 



CHAPTER XX 
THIS SIDE THE SNOWS 

The maple wears a gayer scarf, 
The field a scarlet gown. 
Lest 1 should be old fashioned 
I'll put a trinket on. 

— Emily Dickenson. 

HOWEVER we may feel about strong colour during 
the spring and summer, there are few who do not 
welcome it in the autumn garden. It is as if we 
wished to fill our souls with warmth and gaiety against the 
time when winter with its cold white silence shall lie upon 
the land. Purple, scarlet, and gold are the colours of the 
autumn garden and however bizarre and extravagant their 
assemblage, the eye is made quiet, not only by means of 
its harmony with the season, but through its accordance 
with the moods of our own mind. 

Yellow and red is of all colour combinations to me the 
most unpleasant. All summer I avoid it, snatching the 
chance Coreopsis seedling from the neighbourhood of the 
scarlet Lychnis, taking strenuous measures where California 
Poppies and English Field Poppies attempt afTiliation, but 
now I am moved only to ardent admiration by the groups 
of blazing Torch Lilies and Helenium, Scarlet Snapdragons, 

317 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Marigolds and Nasturtiums. Gaillardias I particularly dis- 
like, save the pure yellow Lady RoUeston, on account of 
their red and yellow colour scheme, yet I always admire 
them warmly when seen in my friends' autumn gardens. 
Scarlet and purple would jar the colour sensibilities of many 
during the summer months, yet how delighted are we now 
at the massing of purple Michaelmas Daisies against the 
flaming Virginia Creeper both in the garden and along the 
roadside. All over my own garden after the tenth of 
September flows a tide of Michaelmas Daisies, filling the 
garden with soft colour through which burst with telling 
effect the conflagrations of scarlet and gold, the whole so 
splendid and satisfying as to make me quite forget the tender 
beauty of spring or the brave days of the Iris and the June 
Roses. 

My favourite flowers in the autumn garden, after the 
hardy Asters, are Heleniums. Helenium autumnale is 
one of the best yellow flowers of the entire year. It wears a 
warm full tone, yet soft and entirely lacking in the garish 
quality that spoils the Sunflowers; the variety pumi- 
lum shows the same fine tone of yellow, but is of lesser 
stature, growing only about two feet tall while the other 
reaches six in good soil. Helenium autumnale rubrum, with 
its round russet-coloured blossoms, is perhaps the most 
decorative flower of the season. It is splendid grouped with 
the lavender hardy Aster Climax and such a shining 
Torch Lily as Kniphofia Golconda. H. autumnale striatum, 
with its yellow petals flushed and streaked with scarlet, is 
less fine than the other two, but is worth planting where 
there is room for a number. 

313 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

I am extravagantly fond of Torch Lilies (Kniphofias), not 
grown as one sees them all too often, drawn up in fierce 
array upon a spread of meek greensward, but used in 
gracious combination with the hardy plants and annuals of 
their season. The flaming scarlets, warm coral reds, and 
golden apricots of the torches are in fine harmony or bold 
contrast with all the autumn flowers, save those that wear 
the pinkish magenta tones, and even from these in ac- 
cidental juxtaposition we do not shrink as we should have 
in the earlier year. The great flower heads are particularly 
striking piercing a haze of lavender Michaelmas Daisies; 
late Aconites are most effective planted with them, and 
they may be delightfully used with white Japanese Ane- 
mones and the pretty lavender-flowered Eupatorium coeles- 
tinum, or with the late white Phlox Jeanne d'Arc with a 
foreground of dwarf Nasturtiums and Ageratum. 

One of the best and most reliable of these Kniphofias is 
K. Pfitzeri (syn. corallina). It is of a fine coral colour and 
sends up its great torches on stems three feet tall from 
August until November. The old Red Hot Poker (K. 
Uvaria; syn. aloides) is perhaps the hardiest and the best 
for general use. It blooms late and its red and yellow 
flowers rise on stems five feet tall. But the wonderful 
colours of some of the newer sorts are not to be resisted. K. 
caulescens, for instance, has handsome glaucous foliage 
and reddish-salmon flowers of a most beautiful tone. Gol- 
conda, too, is a beauty and Leichtlinii, both with warm 
golden-apricot torches. The flower spikes of Chloris are 
tarnished gold and particularly rich in combination , with 
deep purple Michaelmas Daisies like Melpomene. Bright- 

319 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

hued annuals that celebrate the autumn festival hand- 
somely are Snapdragons like Orange King, Fireflame, 
Sunset, and Orange Prince; Nemesias, Marigolds, Calen- 
dulas, Zinnias in the scarlet, buff, and burnt orange shades; 
and the fine African Daisy, Dimorphotheca aurantiaca. 

The new early-flowering hardy Chrysanthemums are also 
in bloom in the early fall and too much may not be said in 
favour of their inclusion among our autumn flowers. They, 
of course, can never take the place in our hearts of the old- 
fashioned hardy little plants of the November garden — 
the little brown buttons, the ashen pink tufts, and the 
ragged yellow fellows — but they give us the beauty of 
Chrysanthemums many weeks before we should have the 
old-fashioned ones and add much to the scope of our autumn 
planning. In fine harmony with the scheme of the season 
are Sevenoaks, pure bright yellow; Nina Blick, golden 
bronze; Harvest Home, of much the same colouring as the 
last; October Gold and Billancourt, rich terra cotta. The 
early pale-coloured sorts like Fee Japonaise, Normandie, 
and Dorothy are a valuable addition to the garden's supply 
of light colours and some of the pink and crimson sorts will 
be found fine in association with the pretty Blue Spiraea 
(Caryopteris Mastacanthus, or more properly C. incana) or 
the lavender Eupatorium. Single-flowered Chrysanthemums 
are also coming into favour and show many fine colours. 

English people make much use of Golden Rod, not only 
in their natural planting but in the hardy borders, and our 
nurserymen are offering a number of kinds. To me they 
ever have an alien look in the prescribed atmosphere of the 
dressed garden. They seem true creatures of the wild, born 

320 



SUMMER'S OBSEQUIES 

OCTOBER lOTH 



^T^HE earlier history of this part of the garden 
J is told opposite Plate No. 14. (July 4th). 

Now frost has silenced the annuals, and the 
day of most of the perennials is past. But these 
faithful ones, the Michaelmas Daisies and the 
gray-leaved things, will linger on, a trifle faded 
as to their soft-hued garment but showing patches 
of warm colour here and there, until the first 
of November and even longer if the weather is 
mild. 




PLATE NO. 24 
SEE PLATE NO. I4 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

to gypsy roving, to preach the cult of beauty from the high- 
way to all who care to listen; but in the garden they appear 
like shy country folk at a city rout, their native beauty and 
grace unfelt because of their manifest unfitness for the 
occasion. Not all wild flowers seem to me appropriate for 
garden decoration. I cannot bear to see the Cardinal 
Flower in captivity and feel that all its wild soul must be 
reaching out and yearning for the seclusion of the shaded 
stream-sides, and the freedom of the wild world. No one, I 
believe, has yet been able to tame the free spirit of the 
Fringed Gentian and it is better so that we may yet have 
something to draw our footsteps from out the narrow 
windings of the garden paths to windy uplands and broad 
sun-tanned marsh-meadows, away from the prescribed and 
personal to the contemplation of infinity. 

Blue is represented in the autumn garden by Aconitum 
autumnale and A. Wilsoni, the fine Chimney Bellflower 
(Campanula pyramidalis), Salvia azurea and S. uliginosa 
still lingering and the charming little Leadwort (Plumbago 
Larpentae) of so warm and rich a blue. This lovely jewel of 
the waning year is not reliably hardy in all soils. It likes not 
the flesh pots of the garden, but thrives best in well-drained 
gravelly loam. In spring it makes so tardy an appearance 
above ground that we are apt to abandon hope of ever seeing 
it again and often injure or quite annihilate the little plants in 
the spring digging and cultivating. All these blue flowers are 
fine and rich in association with those soft colour tones held 
up to scorn as rosy magenta, the pinkish Hardy Asters, Iron- 
weed, and the beautiful Desmodium penduliflorum. 

The autumn perennials last long in beauty. They do not 

325 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

give way to panic before the onslaughts of early frosts as 
do many of the more succulent annuals, resolving at once 
into pulpy masses of blackened matter dreadful to look 
upon, but bear themselves bravely and light the garden 
well into brown November. The latest flowering perennials 
that I know are Helianthus Maximilianii, Chrysanthemum 
nipponicum. Anemone japonica, Hardy Chrysanthemums, 
Aconitum autumnale; Asters Novelty, grandiflorus, and 
amellus elegans; and Eupatorium ageratoides. 

The last-named plant is a native that may with great 
propriety and benefit be brought into the garden. It grows 
four feet tall and has broad, flat flower heads of a soft 
gray-white colour and it thrives in the shade. This with 
the handsome Chrysanthemum nipponicum, Phlox Jeanne 
d'Arc, and Japanese Anemones provide about all the good 
white flowers for our autumn scheming, but as a matter of 
fact we need white flowers at this time less than at any other. 
They interrupt the rich and dignified ensemble which most 
completely satisfies the eye at this season. 

Few shrubs and trees bloom in the autumn, but many 
contribute decorative fruit or glowing foliage to the last 
festival of the garden's life. The little Abelia chinensis 
continues to offer its waxen flowers well into the autumn and 
keeps its leafage halfway through the winter. The Rose of 
Sharon, too, is handsome and conspicuous in the autumn' 
garden. I like particularly the slaty-lavender sorts and 
some that are a rich old rose. A few other shrubs that 
blossom late are Buddleia Davidii Veitchiana, Tamarix 
pentandra or aestivalis, T. gallica indica, and Hamamelis 
virginica, our native Witch Hazel. 

326 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

One of the gayest autumn pictures in my own garden is 
where a group of Waahoo and Snowberries occupies an 
angle of the wall. The Waahoo grows tall like a little tree, 
and in the autumn after the leaves have fallen is hung all 
over with the most fetching rose-coloured seed receptacles 
that finally burst and hang out scarlet ear drops that cling 
nearly all winter. The Snowberry (Symphoricarpos race- 
mosus) is a very old-fashioned shrub now generally over- 
looked in the rush for exotic novelties, but this should not be, 
for its autumn beauty is undoubted and in the spring the 
tiny blossoms provide a rare feast for the honey bees. The 
Waahoo grows wild in my neighbourhood, making the 
roadsides and neglected dooryards delightfully bright in 
autumn. The birds do not seem fond of the scarlet ear 
drops but eat the Snowberries with relish. The two to- 
gether are charmingly gay. 

Among the shrubs and trees that have scarlet berries are 
the following: the Washington Thorn (Crataegus cordata), 
C. nitida, the Cockspur Thorn (C. Crus-galli), the English 
May (C. oxyacantha), the Mountain Ash (Sorbus Aucu- 
paria), the Dogwood (Cornus florida), the native Holly 
(Ilex opaca), Black Alder (Ilex verticillata), I. Sieboldi, 
Japanese Bush-honeysuckle (Lonicera Morrowii and L. 
tatarica), Berberis vulgaris, B. Thunbergii, the Highbush 
Cranberry (Viburnum americanum), Sambucus racemosa, 
and Cotoneaster horizontalis. 

And as the weeks steal one upon the other "mesmeric 
fingers softly touch" the glowing beauty of the garden. 
Now the scarlet flush is gently smoothed away, the yellow 

327 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

light put softly out, and the garden stands tender and 
wistful in second mourning colours — purple and lavender 
and gray, but showing here and there a mutinous spark of 
brilliant colour. 

A walk about the garden in November is productive of a 
sort of mournful ecstasy. There have been many hard frosts, 
and all but the most faithful plants are gone, and these seem 
far more precious than all the beauties of the summer. It 
is Indian Summer and within my sheltering garden walls 
many a plant is tricked by the "blue and gold mistake" 
and ventures a timid resurrection. Beside me where I sit 
upon the sun-warmed garden steps, wrapped in the golden 
warmth — "almost myself deceived," a little Corydahs in 
the wall has burst forth in a springlike flowering above a 
gay colony of purple and white Horned Violets assembled 
in the path. Nepeta flowers again delicately from a low 
wall top and a single apricot-coloured Poppy sways above 
it. China Roses bloom undismayed, and a great white 
Rugosa Rose, like the ghost of June, presses its wan cheek 
against the sunny wall. 

Perhaps all summer I have not paused to notice Sweet 
Marjoram, but now how grateful I am for its warm purplish- 
pink spread and spicy fragrance. Aconitum autumnale 
stUl flowers — a chill-appearing presence, rising above the 
cold rounds of Chrysanthemum nipponicum. One border 
verge is quite freshly blue and white where Salvia Blue- 
beard and Sweet Alyssum riot unharmed. Snapdragons 
and California Poppies gleam here and there in sheltered 
corners, and in a stone jar Petunias, bizarre and careless, 



328 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

flaunt their rose and purple skirts in the face of the grim 
presence. 

These few pale autumn flowers. 

How beautiful they are! 

Than all that went before 

Than all the Summer store 

How lovelier far! 



329 



CHAPTER XXI 
FAMILIAR PLANT NAMES— A DIGRESSION 



CHAPTER XXI 
FAMILIAR PLANT NAMES— A DIGRESSION 

The name that dwells on every tongue 
No minstrell needs. 

—Don Jorge Manrique. 

"1% TOWADAYS we are become so learned in the matter 
^ of Latin plant names that there is some danger that 
JL 1 the familiar English names, their pet names, will 
disappear from our garden vocabulary and finally, perhaps, 
be altogether forgotten. More and more often do we hear 
the words Dianthus, Digitalis, Lychnis tripping easily from 
the tongues of young gardeners, and less and less the 
friendly, time-endeared appellations — Pink, Foxglove, Cam- 
pion; and our garden conversations lose much of piquancy 
and agreeable intimacy in consequence. It is, of course, 
essential that we know the Latin names of our plants, for 
by no other means may we accurately designate them, but 
the passing of the old vernacular names would be a real loss. 
They are the connecting links between us and the flower 
lovers of all the ages — men, women, and children, a long 
line of them — stretching across the years through countless 
gardens, high and humble, through woods and meadows 
and marshes to the little gatherings of potent herbs and 
edible roots nestled against the protecting walls of ancient 

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COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

monasteries wherein were kept the first records of flowers 
and their names. Out of the simplicity and sweetness of 
each age these names were born and Hnger yet with the 
freshness and charm of the flowers themselves. 

In "English Plant Names" the Rev. John Earl says: 
"The fascination of plant names is founded on two instincts 
— love of nature and curiosity about language." It lies 
deeper than this, it seems to me; these old names are a bond 
between the gardeners of to-day and generations of con- 
genial spirits who loved and laboured in their gardens as do 
we; they are the artless records of centuries of pleasant 
work, of country-spent leisure, and they reach us across the 
years like messages from old friends. More than this, many 
of these quaint titles — Gillyflower, None-so-pretty, London 
Tufts, Sops-in-wine, Honesty, to take a few at random — 
have the power to spread a magic carpet for the mind and 
send it voyaging into the gardens of the past. They not 
only place us on a more friendly footing in our own gardens, 
but open the gate of many a one long claimed by oblivion, 
and even acquaint us somewhat with the gardener, his 
fancy, and his station in life. 

One may not search old horticultural works without 
gleaning the knowledge that it was the housewife who in 
most cases had the garden under her jurisdiction; and it 
seems highly probable that her mind and the minds of her 
children, fitted to the narrow circumference of home and 
garden, blossomed into many of the pretty whimsical titles 
with which we are familiar to-day. One seems to detect a 
woman's fancy in many of them, a woman's note of detail. 
There is ample testimony in the old flower books in support 

334 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

of this supposition. The ancient writers again and again 
give "our women" or our "English Gentlewomen" credit 
for the fanciful christenings of flowers. "Some English 
Gentlewomen," says Parkinson, "call the white Grape- 
flower Pearles of Spain," and of the gay scarlet Poppy "Our 
English women call it by a name, lone Siluer Pinne: sub- 
auditor, Faire without and fowle within." Here, too, is the 
case of the "Frenticke or Foolish Cowslip," "come lately 
into our gardens whose floures are curled and wrinkled 
after a most strange manner, which our women have called 
Jacknapes-on-horse-back." "Our women" it was, too, one 
feels sure, whose tender scrutiny caught the resemblance 
between another Cowslip and a sort of old-fashioned foot- 
gear and called it the Cowslip, Galligaskins; and fitted the 
double Cowslips, whose rounds of petals set one within the 
other, so nicely with the name of Hose-in-hose. 

The burnished little Hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum), 
a traveller to our roadsides and meadows from over seas, was 
once a garden flower in good standing with a string of 
friendly names to its credit. One of these names is Grim- 
the-coUiar — seemingly obscure enough as to origin — and 
yet here we have old John Gerade informing us across three 
hundred years in this wise: "The stalkes and cups of the 
floures are all set thick with a blackish downe or hairiness 
as it were the dust of coles; whence the women who keep 
it in gardens for noueltie sake, have called it Grim the 
CoUiar." 

Mr. Frederick Hulm offers further elucidation of the ori- 
gin of this curious name by telling us that during the reign 
of Queen Elizabeth a comedy called "Grim the CoUiar of 

335 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Croydon" enjoyed wide popularity and from this seeming 
coincidence he assumes that "the grimy hero of the populace 
stood god-father to our plant." If we may accept this 
supposition we have, not only Gerade's account of its 
derivation, but we learn that the woman who bestowed the 
name belonged, not to a remote rural neighbourhood, but 
was more or less urban in her associations and while spending 
at least part of the year in the country, was no stranger to 
the gay doings of London Town. 

How fascinating to trace out the beginnings of these old 
plant names! The origin of some is, of course, obvious 
enough, as for instance. Shepherd's Warning and Poor- 
man' s-weather-glass, for the Scarlet Pimpernell, that closes 
its tiny blossoms at the approach of a storm; Butter and 
Eggs for such flowers as display the fresh colours of those 
good country products; Guinea-hen-flower and Checker 
Lily for the Little Fritfllary whose bell is well checkered 
over with deeper colour; Hod-the-rake (hold-the-rake) and 
Rest Harrow (Arrest harrow) for meadow plants having 
such thickly growing roots that they impede the operation 
of rakes and harrows. 

Many plants have received names indicatory of their 
habits; thus Four-o' clocks. Morning Glory, Evening Glory, 
John-go-to-bed-at-noon, Ten o'clock Lady, Flower-of-an- 
hour, Good-night-at-noon; and so also Turnesol (turning 
toward the sun). Catch-fly, Fly-trap, and so on. 

Creeping plants with insistent colonizing proclivities 
usually receive some such name as Meg-many-feet, Gill- 
over-the-ground, Robin-run-in-the-hedge, Roaming Charlie, 
Creeping Jenny, Jack-jump-about, or Mother-of-thousands. 

336 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Hundreds were named from some real or fancied resem- 
blance to some object; thus Monkshood, Bluebell, Turtle- 
head, Ladies-tresses, Snow-in-summer, Adder' s-tongue. 
Snowdrop, Quaker Bonnets, Dutchman' s-breeches, Maltese 
Cross, Larkspur, Bird's-foot, Pussy-toes, and so on in- 
definitely. The words Bull or Horse used as a prefix to 
certain others, as Bull-rush and Horse-mint, simply indicate 
a coarser variety of rush or mint. Many twining plants 
were christened by sentimentalists Love-bind and Bind- 
with-love. 

Several centuries ago John Parkinson wrote " I would not 
two things should be called by one name, for the mistaking 
and misusing of them." If there was this danger in Parkin- 
son's day, it has increased a hundredfold in ours. Few of 
these old plant names are at all fixed in their application, 
many doing duty for numerous quite different and un- 
related plants and others making part of a string of names 
of anywhere from two or three to fifty or sixty designating 
the same plant. Nearly all neat, rather small, round flowers 
have been called at some time or in some locality Bachelors 
Buttons; many flowers with soft whitish leaves Dusty 
Miller, and those having fringed petals were frequently 
called Ragged Robin or Ragged Saflor. There are countless 
Prince's Feathers, Bird's-eyes, Sweet Nancys, Cowslips, 
London Prides, Nonesuch, Cuckoo Flowers, Honeysuckles, 
Long-purples, Sweet Marys, Ladders-to-heaven, Forget-me- 
nots, Buttercups, Roses of Heaven, Butter and Eggs, 
Willow-herbs, Sweet Williams, and Ox-eyes — to name a 
few; and the number of Meadow Pinks, Indian Pinks, 
Squaw-roots, and May-flowers that flourish in our own 

337 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

floral kingdom would astonish the curious searcher into 
such matters. 

The word Gillyflower, one of the softest and prettiest of 
all flower names, plunges us into a most pleasurable 
confusion. It seems to have been a sort of pet name given 
to many greatly admired flowers having no attributes in 
common save a delightful fragrance. The Clove Carnation 
was, I believe, preeminently the Gillyflower, though the 
Wallflower and the Stock, and numerous others, shared 
with it the distinction of the pretty name. The Carnation's 
claim lies in the assumption that from the Latin Caryo- 
phyllum, a clove, grew the Italian garofalo, the French 
giroflee, and finally by way of the capricious spelling com-' 
mon to those days, the English Gillofer or Gillyflower. 

July-flower was another corruption of Gillyflower. Dray- 
ton wrote of the " curious, choice Clove July-flower," probably 
meaning the Carnation; and Wallflowers also came to be 
known as July-flowers. 

Old Gervaise Markham in "The Country Housewife's 
Garden" (1626) speaks of "July-flowers (I call them so 
because they flower in July), they have the name of cloves 
of their scent." These must have been Carnations, but he 
also notes "July-flowers of the wall, or Bee-flowers, or winter 
July-flowers, because growing in the walls even in Winter, 
and good for Bees." 

The name Carnation comes from coronation because of 
the constant use of this flower in garlands and wreaths. In 
France the Pink is Oeillet — Petite Oeillet, or OeUlet de Poete, 
but the fragrant flowers sold to-day in the Paris markets as 
Girofle are WaUflowers, "Gold blossoms frecked with iron 

338 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

brown." A friend tells me that in her grandmother's 
garden in New York State Wallflowers were always called 
Gillyflowers. 

Stocks were also called Gillyflowers and sometimes also 
White Wallflowers; and our Sweet Rocket (Hesperis ma- 
tronalis) was known as Queen's Gillyflower. A sort of 
Campion was the Marsh Gillyflower, and the great Thrift 
was known as Sea Gillyflower; and there were doubtless 
many others that shared the name. 

I think the flower with the greatest number of names 
must be the Marsh Marigold. Mrs. Earl says it is the 
proud possessor of fifty-six. The Pansy, a loved flower of 
all ages, has attached to itself almost as many. The flower 
that comes down the years without winning one or more 
pet names has somehow failed to draw close to the lives 
of the human beings beside whom it has grown. There are 
not many old-fashioned flowers of which this may be said, 
but it is a curious fact that a flower so appealing and 
distinctive as the Crocus should be one. Crocuses have 
been grown in gardens since the early part of the seventeenth 
century but none as far as I can ascertain has acquired a 
common name save Crocus sativus, which was called 
Saffron or SafT-flower. Its relative the Colchicum, on the 
other hand, boasts quite a number, the quaintness and 
intimate character of which seem to imply a special affection 
for the jaunty little autumn flower. 

The Zinnia, a flower of the nineteenth century intro- 
duction, has drawn to itself a most old-fashioned sounding 
name, that of Youth-and-old-age, but the Dahlia and the 
Cosmos, which also are of yesterday have, so far, in spite 

339 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

of the admiration lavished upon them, only their given 
names. 

It is probable that future introductions to the plant 
world will receive only the most commonplace of common 
names, unless children come to our aid. We are grown 
much more self-conscious than of old, more hesitant in 
expressing our fancy, and we feel to a greater degree than 
did our gardening forefathers and foremothers the neces- 
sity for accuracy. 

Of course the present day is almost entirely deprived of 
one most productive source of vernacular plant names — 
that of superstition. The superstitious peasantry of all 
ages contributed enormously to the number of plant names. 
The great number that have been in the past credited with 
magical power may be understood from the many that 
bear such names as Enchanter's-herb or Sorcerer's Violet. 
The Vervain was known by the former name and Drayton 
wrote 

Trefoil, Vervain, Johnswort, Dill, 
Hinder witches of their will. 

The unassuming little Periwinkle won the name of Sorcerer's 
Violet from the assumption that it was one of the chosen 
flowers of the "wise folk" in their magic-working operations. 
Plants associated with witches, pixies. Puck, fairies, elves, 
and even with his satanic majesty are too many to mention. 
A great many plants also are dedicated to the Virgin Mary 
and a few to our Saviour. The saints have a long list, as 
St. Johnswort, St. Barbara's Cress, St. Peter's Wreath, St. 
Patrick's Cabbage. These, I believe it is generally assumed, 

340 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

have been so named because they bloomed near the days 
which are dedicated to the same saints. 

"Once whatever was scientific in the art of medicine was 
centred in the study of herbs and the materials of the 
healing art were wholly vegetable," Thus it is not sur- 
prising that many plants acquired their names through a 
real or fancied power to alleviate certain human ills. The 
little Pansy was deemed a potent heart remedy or cordial 
and so received its name of Heartsease, and so also we have 
Lungwort, Throatwort, Consumption Root, Ague-weed, 
Palseywort, Pleurisy-root, Eye-bright and Woundwort. 
Some were believed to be so universal in their curative 
powers that they received the name of All-heal or Cure-all. 

To the curious old cult called the Doctrine of Signatures, 
which at one time certainly won the credulity of suffering 
humanity, is traceable many plant names. "This was a 
system for discovering the medical uses of a plant from 
something in its external appearance that resembled the 
disease it would cure" or the portion of the body to be 
cured. In "The Art of SimpUng" we read "Though Sin 
and Satan have plunged mankind into an Ocean of Infirm- 
aties, yet the mercy of God, which is over all His works, 
maketh Grasse to grow upon the Mountains and Herbes, 
for the use of men, and hath not only stamped upon them 
a distinct form, but also give them particular signatures, 
whereby a man may read, even in legible characters the 
use of them." Imaginations must have run riot in the 
compilation of a pharmacopoeia based upon this wild 
theory, and even after a lapse of several centuries one must 
feel pity for the poor creatures treated with Quaking Grass 

341 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

for cliills, with Nettle tea for nettle rash, with Gromwell 
(on account of its hard seeds) for gall-stones, with Scabiosa 
(by reason of its scaly pappus) for all affections of the 
skin, even unto leprosy. A heart-shaped leaf was good 
for the heart, a kidney-shaped leaf for the kidneys; a yellow 
flower cured jaundice, and a red one assuaged blood. 

Thus lived our sires ere doctors learned to kill 
And multiply with theirs the monthly bill. 

And our heritage from these strange and seemingly terrible 
practices is a thousand flower names that serve to throw 
some light to-day upon the customs of those ancient times. 
One might continue indefinitely to work out the origins 
of the old plant names; of many we are able to find the key 
for ourselves, and the old horticultural works teem with 
more or less plausible explanations. There are the many 
plants of a poisonous nature which bear testimony to the 
grim fact in such names as Death-come-quickly, Death-cup, 
Deadly Night-shade, Poison-berry; there are those as- 
sociated with the ceremony of the bridal, as Bridal -wreath. 
Bride-sweet, Bridewort, Wedding Posy; those named from 
some quality of fragrance as the Heliotrope, which is said 
to bear the name of Cherry Pie because of the resemblance 
of its perfume to that of the homely dainty; the many 
named in honour of the gods, as Jupiter's Beard, Flower 
of Jove, Juno's Rose, Venus' Looking Glass; those derived 
from natural history as Bird Cherry, Duck-weed, Cat-mint, 
Chickweed, Bee-nettle, and those which are corrupted or 
translated from a foreign word. Examples of these are 
MaUow from the Latin Malve, Fumatory from the French 

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COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Fume-terre (Earth-smoke), Herb Bennet from Herba Bene- 
dicta (Blessed Herb). 

Mr. Leonard Barron tells me of an interesting case that 
came within his experience of the manner in which a Latin 
name was most curiously changed. A nurseryman in a 
communicative mood told some children who were playing 
in a meadow near by the nursery that the name of the 
flower with which they were decorating themselves was 
Rudbeckia. The children received this unwieldy word, 
tossed it to and fro in their play until the harsh edges were 
softened and finally had it as Rosy Betty — a strange name 
indeed for the swarthy Black-eyed Susan — but one by which 
it is now generally known in that one locality. By some 
such incidents as this must we account for the many plant 
names to which we can find no clew; to such intriguing 
appellations as Jump-up-and-kiss-me, Impudent Lawyers, 
Meet-me-love, Blooming-down, Little-washer-women, Cast- 
me-down. Lad's Love, Kiss-me-behind-the-garden-gate, 
Cats and Keys, Seven-years-love, Sweet Mary Ann, Vetter- 
voo, Stickadose, Suckie-sue, and innumerable others. 

The familiar plant nomenclature of our own country 
is a sort of composite of that of many others; as widely 
various in origin as our population. Among the most 
poignant memories brought by the early settlers to our 
shores were doubtless those of the flowers that flourished in 
the gardens and along the familiar roadsides at home; so 
that it is small wonder that we find record not only of 
these flowers themselves early brought to the gardens and 
naturalized in the wild of the new land, but many cases 
where some homely flower name, the mere speaking of 

343 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

which must have eased the homesick hearts, had been 
fitted to an American flower bearing some resemblance to 
one that grew in the old country. 

The names of such plants as are indigenous to this 
country may, with a fair amount of certainty, be labelled 
"made in America," and I dare say in a few cases we have 
bestowed titles upon the comers from over seas. Without 
doubt we have added Boston Pink to the many aliases by 
which pretty Bouncing Bet (Saponaria officinalis) is 
known in various localities, and it is safe to say, I think, 
that another of her names is of fairly recent American 
Origin. This is Lady-by-the-gate, for it is only of recent 
years that Bet has chosen to toss aside her birthright as a 
garden child in exchange for the doubtful sociability of the 
open road. Now she is the Lady-by-the-gate — outside the 
gate and one may not travel through any rural neighbour- 
hood where are the remains of old gardens and not ap- 
preciate the applicability of this name. Around my own 
white gate-posts and along the paling fence that encloses 
my dooryard this erst-while favourite crowds closely, 
dreaming wistfully, I believe, of the sheltered days when 
she grew in seemly rows with her sister Pinks and Campions 
and sweet-breathed Stocks and was hailed by all World's 
Wonder. 

Another flower quaintly associated with gates, though 
perhaps we may not conclusively claim for this name 
American origin, is the Cypress Spurge, sometimes known 
as Welcome-to-our-home. In my neighbourhood, where 
many old gardens have been left deserted or neglected by 
the ebbing tide of human interest or affection, this curious 

344 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

little plant crowds about the rotting gate-posts and strag- 
gles up the weed-claimed garden paths, providing still a 
green welcome where the human one is lacking to the 
searcher in old gardens and their precincts. 

Naturally many American plant names are associated 
with the Indians. Thus we have a great number of such 
as Squawroot, Indian-boys-and-girls, Indian Posy, Papoose- 
root, Moccasin-flower, Indian Currant, Indian Pipe, Indian 
Tobacco, and Indian Pink. Few real Indian names linger, 
however, to "sound a note of the wilderness, a voice from 
the 'house of ash and fir.' " This is a pity, for besides being 
so truly of the soil, the Indian names are peculiarly agree- 
able in sound and suggestion. Pipissewa, whose liquid 
syllables someone has likened to the piping of a bird, and 
Miscodeed (Spring Beauty) are two that should be saved 
for posterity. Tamarack, Tupelo, Waahoo, Scuppernong, 
Catawba, Chinkapin, Catalpa, Yucca, Dockmackie, and 
Hickory are happily in fairly general use, but in Martha 
Flint's "Garden of Simples" she gives these others which 
might with great gain be added to our list of familiar plant 
names : 

Cassena, or Youpon — Ilex cassine. 

Cohosh — Cimicifuga racemosa. 

Cushaw, Kershaw — Cucurbita. 

Dahoon^Ilex dahoon. 

Hackmatack — Larix americana, Spiraea tomentosa. 

Kinnikinnik — Cornus sericea. 

Macock — Cucurbuta. 

Maize — Zea Mays. 

Musquash — Cicuta maculata. 

845 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

Quamash — Camassia Fraseri. 
Pocan — Phytolaca decandra. 
Puccoon— Sanguinaria canadensis. 
Tacamahac — Populus balsamifera. 
Unkum — Senecio aureus. 
Waukapin, Youkapin — Nelumbo lutea. 
Whohoo — Ulmus alata. 
Wicopy — Dirca palustris. 

Perhaps in my enthusiasm for the old-fashioned and 
familiar plant names I have not laid sufficient stress upon 
the importance of mastering the Latin names. I have not 
intended that this eulogy should in any way discount the 
necessity for exact knowledge along this line, and surely 
enough testimony has been offered to show what confusion 
would result were only the vernacular names made use of. 
My desire is simply that the friendly old names shall not 
be forgotten, that they shall be sometimes used in the 
bosom of our own gardens and in those of understanding 
friends that they and all they have stood for in past ages 
be not lost to the gardeners that shall come after us. Many 
of the Latin names, far from being simply difficult and 
uninteresting, repay a careful study and are quite charming 
in their meanings and derivations, and while some are 
truly terrible in their harshness and length, names "which 
no one can speak and no one can spell," others are quite 
pleasant-sounding enough to take their places by the side 
of the softest of the old "by-names." 

The following glossary does not claim to be at all ex- 
haustive. I have listed only the names that have come my 
way during intercourse with other gardeners, in conver- 

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COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

sations with country folk in many localities, through 
visitors to my garden, and in the ordinary course of reading 
garden literature. Through lack of space I have been able 
to include only garden flowers and such of the wild flowers 
as are sometimes grown in gardens, and a few trees. Un- 
regenerate weeds I have been constrained to shut out of this 
book of my garden as I must from the garden itself. This 
has caused me more than one struggle; for those plants 
which either through their supposed medicinal virtues or 
from their naughty persistence in defying the efforts of man 
to accomplish law and order upon the land, are the ones 
with the very quaintest and most interesting of flower names. 



847 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

The flower names marked * have originated with my children and are in common 
use in our garden. (Plant names frequently encountered in books, trade catalogues, 
etc., with their popular or "English" equivalents.) 

Abronia umbellata— Sand Verbena. 
Abutilon — Flowering Maple. 
Acaena microphylla — New Zealand Burr. 
Acanthus — Bear's-breech. 
Acantholimon venustum — Prickly Thrift. 
Acer pennsylvanicum — Moosewood, Stripe-bark Maple. 
" pseudoplantanus — Sycamore Maple. 
" rubrum — Swamp Maple, Soft Maple. 
" saccharinum — Silver or White Maple. 
" saccharum — Sugar Maple, Rock Maple. 
Achillea Ageratum — Sweet Maudlin. 

" Eupatorium or filUpenduUna — Fern-leaved Yarrow, Noble Yarrow. 
" Millefolium — Milfoil, Old-man's Pepper, Nose-bleed, Sanguinary, Carpen- 
ter's Grass. 
" Ptarmica — Sneezewort, White Tansy, Bastard Pellitory, Seven-years-love. 
" sericea — Compact Milfoil. 
" tomentosa — Downy Milfoil. 
Aconitum autumnale — Autumn Monkshood. 

" Lycoctonum — Yellow Wolfsbane, Yellow Helmet-flower. 
" Napellus — Common Monkshood, Wolfsbane, Friar's-cowl, Blue Rocket, 
Pharaoh's Chariot. 
Acorus Calamus — Sweet Flag, Myrtle-grass, Cinnamon Sedge. 

Actaea spicata — Herb Christopher, Baneberry, Necklace-weed, White Beads, White 
Grapewort, Rattlesnake-weed. 
" rubra — Red Baneberry, Coral and Pearl, Red Cohosh, Poison-berry, Red- 

berry-Snakeroot. 
Actinidia arguta — Silver Vine. 
Adenophora — Gland Bellflower. 
Adlumia cirrhosa — Alleghany Vine, Mountain Fringe, Fairy Creeper, Climbing 

Fumatory. 
Adonis autunmalis — Red Camomile, Rosaruby. 

" vemalis — Spring Adonis, Bird's Eye, Pheasant's Eye, Ox-eye, Flos Adonis. 
Aegopodium Podograria — Goutweed, Soapsuds, Masterwort, Jack-jump-a-bout, 

Ash-weed, Herb Gerald. 
Aethionema cordifolium— Lebanon Candytuft. 

" grandifiorum — Persian Candytuft. 

Agathaea coelestis — Blue Daisy. 
Ageratum mexicanum— Floss-flower. 
Agrostemma Coronaria — Mullein Pink, Rose-of-Heaven, Rose Campion, Crown-of 

the-field, Old-maid's-Pink, Popille. See Lychnis coronaria. 
Ajuga reptans — Creeping Bugle, Middle-consound, Dead-men's-elbows, Carpenter's- 

Herb. 
Alchemilla — Lady's Mantle, Great-Sanicle, Breakstone, 
Akebia quinata — Tricorne Vine.* 

351 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Allium Moly — Moly, Golden Garlic. 
Alnus incana — Speckled or Hoary Alder. 
" nigosa — Tag or Green Alder. 
" viridis — Mountain Alder. 
Alonsoa linifolia — Mask-flower. 
Aloysia citriodora — Sweet Verbena, Lemon Verbena. 
Alstroemeria — Peruvian Lily. 
Alternantliera Telcanthera — Joy-weed, 
Althaea officinalis — Marsh Mallow, Mortification Root, Sweat-weed. 

" rosea — Hollyhock, Hock, Holy Oak, Althea Rose. 
Alyssum argenteum — Silver Alyssum. 

" maritimum — Sweet Alyssum, Sweet Alison, Madwort. 
" montanum — Mountain Madwort. 
" saxatile — Golden Madwort, Basket-of-gold, Gold-dust. 
" spinosum — Spiny Madwort. 
Amaranthus caudatus — Love-lies-bleeding, Amaranth, Nun's Whipping-post, Flower- 
gentle. 
" tricolor — Joseph's coat. 

Ambrosia mexicana — Ambrosia. 
Amelanchier canadensis — Juneberry, Shad-bush, Shad-blow, Indian Cherry, Snowy 

Mespilus. 
Ammobium alatum — Winged Everlasting. 

Amorpha canescens — Bastard Indigo, Lead-plant, Shoe-strings. 
Ampelopsis quinquefolia — Virginia Creeper, Woodbine. 

" tricuspidata Veitchii — Boston Ivy. 
Anagallis arvense — Scarlet Pimpernel, Poor-man's-weather-glasp, Burnet Rose, Red 
Chickweed, John-go-to-bed-at-noon, Shepherd's Warning, Wink-a-peep. 
" indica — Italian Pimpernel. 
" linifolia — Blue Pimpernel. 
Anchusa italica — Itahan Alkanet. 

" capensis — Cape Forget-me-not. 
" myosotidiflora — Forget-me-not Anchusa. 
Andromeda polifoUa — Moorwort, Wild Rosemary, Marsh Holy-rose. 
Androsace — Rock Jasmine. 

Anemone alpina — Alpine Windflower, Devil's Beard. 
" angulosa — Great Hepatica. 
" apennina — Apennine Windflower. 
" blanda — Blue Winter Windflower. 
" coronaria — Poppy Anemone. 
" fulgens — Scarlet Windflower. 
" japonica — Japanese Windflower. 

" nemorosa — Windflower, Bow-bells, Granny's Night-cap. 
" Pulsatilla — Pasque-flower. 
" stellata — Star Anemone. 

" sylvestris — Wood Anemone, Snowdrop Anemone. 
Anetheum graveolens — Dill, Dflly. 
Angelica — Archangel, Holy-ghost, Belly-ache-root. 

Antennaria dioica — Mountain Cudweed, Cat's-ears, Petty-mountain, Petty-cotton, 
Cudweed. 
" tomentosa — Silver Everlasting, Mountain Everlasting. 

Anthemis arabjca — Rock Camomile. 

" tinctoria — German Camomile, Ox-eye or Yellow Camomile, Golden Mar- 
guerite. 
Antirrhinum — Snapdragon, Lion-snap. 
Aponogeton angustifolium — Cape Pond-flower. 
Aquilegia alpina — Alpine Columbine. 

" caiifornica — California Columbine. 

" canadensis — Wild Columbine, Boots-and-shoes, Rock-lily, Chuckles, 
Honeysuckle, Jack-in-trousers, Meeting Houses. 

352 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Aquilegia chrysantha — Golden Columbine. 

" coenilea — Rocky Mountain Columbine. 
" glandulosa — Altaian Columbine. 

" vulgaris — Culverwort, Blue-starry, Dove's-foot, Capon's-feather, Common 
Columbine. 
Arabis albida and alpina — Rock Cress, Wall Cress, Alpine Molewort, Dusty Husband, 

Bishop's-hat, March-and-May, Sweet Alice, White Alison, Snowdrift. ^ 
Aralia spinosa — Angelica tree. 
Arenaria balearica — Balearic Sandwort. 

" montana — Mountain Sandwort. 
Arethusa bulbosa — Arethusa, Wild Pink, Dragon's-mouth, Rose-lip. 
Argemone mexicana — Devil's-fig, Yellow Mexican Poppy, Thorn Poppy. 

" alba — White Poppy-thistle. 

Aristolochia Sipho (syn. macrophylla) — Dutchman's Pipe, Heartwort, Pipe-vine. 
Armeria cephalotes (syn. formosa) — Great Thrift. 

" maritima — Sea Pink, Cushion Pink, Thrift, Lady's Cushion. 
Artemisia abrotanum — Southernwood, Old Man, Smelling-wood, Maiden's-ruin, 
Lad's-love, Lad's-savour, Kiss-me-quick-and-go, Sweet Benjamin, 
Sloven-wood. 
" Absinthium — Wormwood, Warmot, Old Women, Madder-wort. 
" Dracunculus — Tarragon, Biting-dragon. 

" vulgaris — Mugwort, Smotherwood, Apple-pie, Green Ginger, Sailor's 
Tobacco. 
Arum maculatum — Lords-and-ladies, School-masters, Kings-and-queens, Nightin- 
gales, Cuckoo-pint, Starch-root. 
Arundo Donax — Province Reed. 

Asclepias tuberosa — Butterfly-weed, Pleurisy-root, Indian Posy. 
Asperula azurea — Blue Woodruff. 

" odorata — Sweet Woodruff, Master-of-the-wood, Hay-plant, 'Wood-rov/el, 
Sweet-hair-hoof, Mug-wet . 
Asphodelus luteus — Yellow Asphodel. 
" racemosus — King's-spear. 

Aster, Hardy — Starwort, Michaelmas Daisy, Good-bye-summer. 
" alpinus — Alpine Daisy. 
" amellus — Italian Starwort. 

" cordifolius — Heart-leaved Aster, Frost Flower,* Blue Wood Aster, Bee-tongue. 
" ; diffusus — Calico Aster. 

" ericoides — White Heath Aster, White Rosemary, Scrub-brush. 
" grandiflorus — Christmas Daisy. 
" laevis — Smooth Aster. 
" novae-angliae — New England Starwort. 
" novi-belgii — New York Aster, Willow Aster. 

" puniceus — Red-stalk Starwort, Cocash, Swanweed, Meadow Scabish. 
" Tradescanti — Blue Camomile, Blue Daisy. 
Astilbe — False Goat's-beard. 
Astragalus — Milk Vetch. 
Astrantia major — Masterwort, Black Sanicle. 
Aubrietia — False or Purple Wall Cress. 

Azalea nudiflora — Wild Honeysuckle, Election Pink, Swamp Pink, Pinxter-flower, 
Swamp Apple-blossom, Spice-flower, May-apple. 
" viscosa — Swamp Pink, Swamp Honeysuckle, Clammy Azalea, Springbloom. 
Babiana — Baboon-root. 
Baptisia australis — False Indigo, Blue Rattle-bush. 

" tinctoria — American Indigo, Indigo or Clover Broom, Dyer's-broom. 
Bartonia aurea — Golden Bartonia. 
Begonia — Elephant's-ear. 
Bellis perennis — English Daisy, Bruise-wort, Cockilorie, Hen-and-chickens, Margaret, 

Gowan. 
Berberis vulgaris — Barberry, Pepperidge, Jaundice Berry. 

353 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Betula alba— White Birch, Make-peace, Ribbon-tree. 

" lenta — Sweet Birch, Cherry Birch, Mountain Mahogany. 
" nigra — Black Birch. 

" papyrifera — Canoe Birch, Silver or Paper Birch, Spool-wood. 
Benzoin aestivale — Spice-bush, Benjamin-bush, Wild Alspice. 
Bignonia— (See Campsis). 

Bocconia cordata— Plume Poppy, Tree Celandine. 
Boltonia asteroides— False Starwort, Cloud Daisy,* False Camomile. 
Borage officinalis— Burrage, Borage, Bee's-bread, Cool-tankard, Lang-de-beef. 
Brachycome — Swan River Daisy. 
Bravoa — Scarlet Twin-flower. 
Brodiaea congesta — Ookow. 

" grandiflora — California Hyacinth. 
" laxa — Ithuriel's Spear. 
" minor — Harvest Hyacinth. 
Buddleia Davidu (Veitchii, magnifica, etc.)— Summer Lilac, Butterfly bush. 

" globosa — Orange-ball Tree. 
Bulbocodium vernum — Spring Meadow Saffron. 
Butomus umbellatus — Flowering Rush. 
Buxus — Box, Dudgeon. 
Caladium esculentum — Elephant's Ear. 
Calandrinea umbellata — Rock Purslane. 
Calceolaria — Slipperwort. 

Calendula officinalis— Pot Marigold, Goldings, Gold-bloom, Holy-gold, Gools. 
Calla palustris — Bog Arum. 
Callirhoe involucrata — Poppy Mallow. 
Callistephus hortensis — China Aster. 
Calochortus albus— Satin Bell, White Globe Tulip. 

" Benthami — Yellow Pussy-ears. 

" Kennedy! — Orange Mariposa Tulip. 

" luteus — Butterfly Tuhp, Mariposa Lily. 

" Maweanus — White Pussy-ears. 

" Nuttalli— Sego Lily. 

Calopogon pulchellus — Grass Pink. 
Caltha palustris— March Marigold. 

Calycanthus fioridus— Sweet Shrub, Allspice, Strawberry-shrub. 
Calystegia pubescens — Bearbind. 
Camassia esculenta — Quamash, Camash. 

" Leichtlini — White Quamash. 
Campanula caespitosa — Tufted Hairbell, Dane's-blood. 

" carpatica — Carpathian Hairbell. 

" glomerata — Cluster Hairbell. 

" lactiflora — Milky Bellflower. 

" latifolia — Great Bellflower, Coventry Bells. 

" macrostyla — Candelabra Bellflower. 

" Medium — Canterbury Bells, Marian, Mercury's Violet, Night Caps. 

" persicifolia — Peach-leaved Bellflower, Peach-bells. 

" Portenschlagiana — Rock Hairbell. 

" pulla — Austrian Hairbell. 

♦' pyramidalis — Chimney Bellflower. 

" rapunculoides — Rampion, Creeping Bellflower. 

" rotundifolia— English Hairbell, Blue-bell, Blaewort, Heath-bell, Gowk's 

thimble. 

" Trachelium — Throatwort, Haskwort. 

" turbinata (syn. carpatica turbinata) — Turban Hairbell. 

Campsis radicans — Trumpet Vme, Cross-vine. 
Cannabis sativa— Hemp Plant. 

Canna indica — Indian Shot, Indian Reed, China Shot. 
Carum Carvi — Caraway, Carvies. 

Caryopteris Mastacanthus — Blue Spiraea, Verbena Shrub. 

354 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Cassiope fastigiata — Himalayan Heath. 

Catananache caererulea — Cupid's-dart, Blue Cupidone. 

Ceanothus americanus — New Jersey Tea. 

" azureus — Mountain Sweet. 

Celastrus scandens — Bitter-sweet, Staff-vine, Waxwork, Fever-twig, Roxbury Wax- 
work, Orange-root. 
Celosia — Cockscomb. 
Celsia cretica — Cretan Mullein. 

Centaurea Cyanus — Blue Cornflower, Blue-bottle, Ragged-Robin, Bachelor's- 
buttons, Break-your-spectacles, Biue-buttons, Corn Binks, Corn Cen- 
taury, Ragged Sailors. 
" dealbata — Mealy Centaury. 

" macrocephala — Great Knapweed. 

" montana — Hardy Cornflower, Mountain Knapweed. 

" moschatus — Sweet Sultan. 

Centranthus ruber — Red or Spur Valerian. 
Cephalanthus occidentalis — Button-bush, Crane-willow, Honey-balls, Mountain 

Globeflower, Swamp-wood. 
Cerastium tomentosum — Snow-in-summer, Mouse-ear-chickweed. 
Cercis canadensis — Red-bud, Judas-tree, Salad-bud, Wild Lilac. 

" Siliquastrum — Love Tree. 
Cerintha retorta — Purple-leaved Honeywort. 
Chamaepeuce diacantha — Fish-bone Thistle. 

Cheiranthus Cheiri — Wallflower, Bloody Warrior, Stock Jillofer, Cherisaunce. 
Chelone glabra — Turtle-head, Balmony, Cod-head, Salt-rheum. 
Chenomales — (See Cydonia). 

Chimaphila maculata — Pipsissewa, Spotted Wintergreen. 
Chimonanthus fragrans — Winter-sweet. 
Chionanthus — Fringe Tree. 
Chionodoxa — Glory-of-the-snow, Snow Glory. 
Chrysanthemum arcticum — Arctic Daisy. 

" Balsamita — Costmary, Ale-cost, Bible-leaf, Sweet Mary Ann, Sweet 

Maudlin. 
" carinatum — Tricolor Daisy. 

" coronarium — Crown Daisy, Garland Daisy. 

" frutescens — Paris Daisy, Yellow Marguerite. 

" inodorum-— Double Mayweed. 

" Leucanthemum — Moon-penny Daisy, Ox-eye Daisy, Dutch Curse, 

Dog-blow, Poor-land-Daisy, Poverty-weed, Herb-Marguerite. 
" Nipponicum — Nippon Daisy, Shrubby Ox-eye. 

" Paj4henium^Fever-few, Feather-few, Pellitory, Wild Camomile, 

Flirtwort, Bunchelory Vetter-voo. 
" segetum — Corn Marigold, Gools, Yellowby, Yellow Ox-eye. 

Cichorium Intybus — Chicory, Succory, Blue Sailors, Bunk. 
Cimicifuga japonica — Japanese Snakeroot. 

" racemosa — Black Cohosh, Black Snakeroot, Bugbane, Richweed, Squaw- 
root, Rattleroot. 
Cineraria maritima — Dusty Miller. 
Cistus — Rockrose. 
Clarkia — Pink Fairies. 

Claytonia virginica — Spring Beauty, May-flower, Good-morning-Spring, Grass- 
flower, Wild Potato, Miscodeed. 
Clematis crispa — Blue Jasmine, Bluebell Vine, Frill-flower. 
" coccinea — Scarlet Clematis, Urn-flowered Clematis. 
" Flammula — Sweet-scented Virgin's-bower. 
" japonica — Japanese Virgin's-bower. 
" montana — Mountain Clematis. 

" Vitalba— Old-man's-beard, Grey-beard, Crocodile, Love-bind, Robin Hood's- 
fetter, Devil's-hair, Maiden's Honesty, Smoke-wood, Withy-wind, 
Snow-in-harvest. 

355 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Clematis virginiana — Virgin's Bower, Traveller's Joy, Bincl-with-love, Woodbine, 
Love-vine, Devil's-hair. 
" Viticella — Vine-bower. 
Cleome — Spider-flower. 

Clethra alnifoUa — Sweet Pepper Bush, Honey Sweet, White Bush, Spiked Alder. 
Clianthus — Glory Pea. 
Cobaea scandens — Cup-and-saucer-vine. 
Colchicum autumnale — Autumn Crocus, Fog or Michaelmas Crocus, Son-before-the- 

father. Naked Ladies, Orphans. 
Collinsea bicolor — Blue-eyed-Mary, Innocence, Chinese Houses, Blue-lips. 
CoUomia grandiflora, (syn. Gilia grandiflora) — Wild Bouvardia. 
Commelina coelestis — Day flower, Blue Spider-flower. 
Convallaria majalis — Lily-of-the-valley; Ladders-to-heaven, Lily-convally, Valleys, 

Mugget, Our Lady's Tears, Little Dandies, Constancy, Liriconfancy. 
Convolvulus mauritanicus — Blue Rock Bindweed. 
" japonicus — California Rose. 

" pubescens — Double Bindweed. 

" Soldanella — Sea Bindweed. 

" tricolor — Dwarf Morning Glory, Blue Eyes. 

Coreopsis — Tickweed. 
Coronilla varia — Scorpion Scenna. 
Cornus alba — Siberian Dogwood. 

" altemifolia — Purple Dogwood, Green Osier. 

" Amomum — Silky Cornel, Red Osier, Swamp Dogwood, Female Dogwood, 

Kinnikinic. 
" canadensis — White Dogwood, Bunchberry, Bunch Plum, Low Dogwood, 

Crackerberry. 
" fiorida — White Cornel, Flowering Dogwood, Indian Arrowwood, Nature's 

Mistake, False Boxwood. 
" mas — Cornelian Cherry, Male Cornel, Redwood-of-Turkey. 
" sanguinea — Catteridge Tree, Gaiterberry, Red-twigged Dogwood. 
" stolonifera — Red Osier, Gutter Tree, Red Brush, Waxberry. 
Corydalis cheilanthifoUa — Fern-leaned Fumatory. 

" lutea — Yellow Fumatory, Yellow Corydal, Mother-of-thousands! 
" nobilis — Noble Fumatory. 
Cotoneaster — Rock-spray. 

" Pyracantha syn. Pyracantha coccinea — Fire-thorn, Christ's Thorn. 

Crambe cordifolia — Heart-leaved Seakale. 
Crataegus coccinea — Scarlet Thorn. 

" Crus-galli — Cockspur Thorn, New Castle Thorn, Pin Thorn. 

" oxyacantha — Common Hawthorn, May, Haythorn, Quickset, May Tree. 
" praecox — Glastonbury Thorn. 

" Pyracantha (see Cotoneaster) 

Crocus biflorus — Scotch or Cloth-of-silver Crocus. 
" chxysanthus — Yellow Spring Crocus. 
" sativus — Saffron, Saff Flower. 
" susianus — Cloth-of-gold Crocus. 
Crucianella stylosa — Crosswort, Skunk-plant. 
Cyclamen europaeum — Sowbread, Bleeding Nuns. 
Cydonia japonica — Japanese Quince, Fire Bush. 
Cyperus longus — Galingale. 

Cypripedium acaule — Pink or purple Lady's Slipper, Camel's-foot, Whip-poor-wills- 
shoes, Moccasin-flower, American Valerian, Nerveroot, Noah's Arks, 
Two-lips, Venus Shoe, Old Goose. 
" hirsutum — Yellow Lady's Slipper or Mocassin Plant, Yellows, Male 

Nervine. 
" spectabile — Showy Moccasin Flower. 

Cytisus albus — White Spanish Broom. 

" scoparius — Bonny or Scotch Broom, Besom, Hagweed, Golden Willow. 
356 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Daphae alpina — Alpine Mezereon. 

" Blagayana — King's Garland-flower. 
" Cneorum — Garland Flower. 
" Genkwa — Lilac Garland Flower. 

" Mezereum — Mezereon, Dwarf Bay, Spurge Olive, Paradise Plant, Magell. 
" odora — Sweet Daphne. 

" rupestris, (syn. D. petraea)— Rock Garland Flower. 
" striata — Fairy Garland-flower. 
Datura — Thorn Apple. 

Delphinium — Larkspiir, Knightspur, King's Consound. 
" belladonna — Belladonna Larkspur. 

" cardinale— Christmas Horns, Scarlet Larkspur. 

" formosum — Bee Larkspur. 

" grandiflorum — Chinese Larkspur. 

Desmodium penduliflorum — Tick-trefoil. 
Dianthus alpinus — Alpine Pink. 
" arenarius — Sand Pink. 
" Armaria — Deptford Pink. 
" barbatus — Sweet William, Sweet John, London Tufts, None-so-pretty, 

Bunch Pink, French Pink, Blooming Down, Painted Ladies, Tolmeiner. 
" caesius — Cheddar Pink. 
" caryophyUus — Clove Carnation, Crown Pink, Sops-in-wine, Gillyflower, 

Grenadine. 
" chinensis — China Pink. 
" deltoides — Maiden Pink. 
" dentosus — Amoor Pink. 
" fimbriatus — Fringed Pink. 
" graniticus — Granite Pink. 
" neglectus — Glacier Pink. 
" petraeus — Rock Pink. 

" plumarius — Grass Pink, Scotch Pink, Clove Pink. 
" superbus — Ragged Pink, Fringed Pink. 
" sylvestris — Wood Pink. 
Dicentra Cucularria — Dutchman's-breeches, Indian-boys-and-girls, White-hearts, 
Kitten's-breeches. 
" eximia— Wild Bleeding Heart, Turkey or Squirrel-corn. 
" spectabilis — Bleeding Heart, Lyre-flower, Clocks-and-watches. 
Dictamnus fraxinella — Fraxinella, Gas-plant, Dittany. 
Digitalis ambigua — Yellow Foxglove. 

" purpurea — Foxglove. Fairy Petticoats, Thimbles, Ladies' Fingers, Fairy Cap, 
Scotch Mercury, Folk's Glove, Dead-men's-fingers. 
Dimorphotheca aurantiaca — African Daisy, Cape Marigold. 

Dodecatheon Media — American Shooting Star, Mosquito Bells, Mad Violet, Wild 
Cyclamen, Prairie Pointer, Indian Chief, American Cowslip, Pride- 
of-Ohio. 
Doronicum — Leopards'-bane. 
Draba azoides — Whitlow-grass. 
Dracocephalum — Dragon's-head. 
Drosera filiformis — Sundew. 
Dryas — Mountain Avens. 
Echinacea purpurea — Purple Cone-flower. 
Echinops — Globe Thistle. 

" sphaerocephalus — Silver Thistle.* 
Echium vulgare — Viper's Bugloss. 
Elaeagnus — Oleaster, Silver Thorn, Silverberry. 
Elymus arenarius — Sea Lyme Grass, Gray Ribbons.* 
Epilobium angustifolium — French Willow. 

" hirsutum — Willow-herb, Codlins-and-cream, Apple-pie, Rose-bay. 
" palustris — Swamp Willow-herb, Wickup. 

357 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Epigaea repens— Arbutus, Mayflower, Trailing Arbutus, Gravel-plant, Shad-flower, 

Winter or Mountain Pink, Crocus, Ground Laurel. 
Epimedium — Barrenwort. 
Eragrostis — Love Grass. 
Erigeron aurantiacus — Orange Daisy. 
" speciosus — purple Fleabane. 
Eranthus hy emails— Winter Aconite, Winter Wolfsbane. 
Erica— Heath, Heather, Ling, Honey-bottle. 
Eritrichium nanum — Fairy Forget-me-not. 
Erodium— Stork's-bill, Clocks, Red-stemmed Filaree. 
Eryngium— Sea Holly, Blue Thistle, Sea Hulver. 
Erysimum arkansanum — Western Wallflower. 
" ochroleucum — Alpine Wallflower. 

" pulchellum— Hedge-mustard, Treacle-mustard, Fairy Wallflower. 
Erythraea diffusa— Centaury. 

Erythronium americanum— Dog-tooth- Violet, Yellow Adder s tongue. Trout Lily, 
Scrofula-root, Snake-leaf. 
" grandiflorum — Fawn Lily, Chamase Lily, Adam-and-Eve. 

Eschscholtzia californica — California Poppy. 
Euonymus atropurpurea— Strawberry-tree, Waahoo, Burning-bush, Bursting-heart, 

American Spindle-tree. 
Eupatorium ageratoides— White Snake-root, White Sanicle, Deerwort, Squaw-weed, 
Rich-weed, Stevia. 
" coelestinum — Mist-flower, Blue Boneset. 

" purpureum — Joe-Pie-weed, Queen-of-the-meadow, Purple Boneset, Nig- 

ger-weed, Gravel-root. 
Euphorbia coroUata— Flowering Spurge, Milkwort. 

" Cyparissias — Cypress Spurge, Kiss-me-quick, Bonapart's Crown, Grave-" 

yard-weed, Welcome-to-our-house. 
" lathyrus— Caper Spurge. 

" marginata — Snow-on-the-mountain, Mountain Spurge. 

Exochorda grandiflora— Pearl Bush. 
Ferula — Giant Fennel. 
Festuca glauca— Blue Fescue Grass. 
Forsythia — Golden Bell. 
Fragaria —Strawberry. 
Francoa ramosa — Maiden's Wreath. 
Fritillaria imperialis — Crown Imperial. 

" meleagris — Guinea-hen-flower, Checker Lily, Widow's Wail, Weeping 
Widow, Snake's-head. 
Fumaria oflicinalis— Fumatory, Beggary, Delicacy, Earth-smoke. 
Funkia (Hosta) coerulea— Blue Day Lily. 

" grandiflora — Corfu Lily, Plantain Lily, WThite Day Lily. 
" lanceolata variagata — Striped Lily. 
Galax— Wand Plant. 
Galega officinalis — Goat's-rue. 

Galtonia candicans — Summer Hyacinth, Cape Hyacinth. 

Gaultheria procumbens — Winter Green, Deer-, Ground-, Spice-, or Partridge- 
berry, Mountain Tea, Ivory Plums, Pippins, Rapper-dandies. 
Gaura Lindheimeri— Butterfly-flower. 
Gazania nivea — Treasure-flower. 
Gentiana acaulis — Gentianella. 

Andrewsii— Closed or Bottle Gentian, Cloister-heart, Barrel Gentian, 

Dumb Foxglove, 
asclepiadea — Willow Gentian. 
bavarica — Bavarian Gentian. 
crinita— Fringed Gentian, French Gentian, 
septemfida — Crested Gentian, 
vema— Spring Gentian. 

358 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Genista tinctoria — Dyer's Green-weed, Wood-waxen, Alleluia, Dyer's Whin, Widow- 

wisse. 
Geranium maculatum — Wild Geranium, Granesbill, Chocolate-flower. 

" Robertianum — Herb-Robert, Mountain Geranium, Death-come-quickly, 
Jenny Wren, Wren's-flower. 
Gerardia tenuifolia— Purple Geradia, Gerade's Flower. 
Gerbera Jamesoni — Transvaal Daisy. 
Geum — Avens. 
Gilia califomica— Prickly Phlox. 

" tricolor — Bird's-eye. 
Gladiolus— Corn Flag, Sword Flag. 

Glaucium luteum — Horned Poppy, Yellow Sea Poppy, Squatmore, Bruise-root. 
Globularia — Globe Daisy. 
Godetia — Fare-well-to-spring, Satin Flower. 
Goodyera pubescens — Rattle-snake Plantain. 
Gunnera — Prickly Rhubarb. 
Gypsophila paniculata — Baby's-breath, Lace Shawls*, Chalk Plant, Summer Mist. 

" repens — Creeping Chalk Plant. 

Habenaria — Fringed Orchis, Tatter-fringe, Meadow Pink, Soldier's Plume. 
Halesia tetraptera — Snowdrop Tree. 
Hamamelis japonica — Japanese Witch Hazel. 

" virginica — Witch Hazel, Winter Bloom, Striped Alder. 

Hedera helix — English Ivy, Bentwood, Woodbine, Bindwood. 
Hedysarum — French Honeysuckle. 
Helenium — Sneezeweed. 

Helianthemum — Sunrose, Frost-weed, Scrofula Plant. 
Helianthus — Sunflower, Comb-flower, Golden, Gold, Turnsol, Larrabell. 
Helichxysum bracteatum— Everlasting Flower, Sun Gold, Immortelle, Yellow Flower- 
gentle. 
Heliopsis — False Sunflower, Orange Sunflower. 
Heliotropum peruvianum — Heliotrope, Cherry-pie, Turnsole. 
Helleborus niger — Christmas Rose, Christmas Flower, Clove-tongue, Felon-grass, 

Christ's-herb. 
Helonius buUata — Stud-flower. 
Helxine Soleirolii — Pellitory-of-the-wall. 
HemerocaUis — Day Lily, Brass-and-copper Lilies.* 

" flava — Lemon Lily, Custard Lily, Yellow Day Lily. 

" fulva — Orange Day Lily, Tawny Lily, False Tiger Lily, Eve's Thread. 

Hepatica triloba — Liver-leaf, Kidneywort, Mayflower, Herb-Trinity, Squirrel-cup, 

Ivy-flower. 
Heracleum lanatum — Cow-parsnip, Madness, Masterwort, Youthwort. 
Hemiaria glabra — Rupturewort, Pearlwort. 

Hesperis matronalis — Sweet Rocket, Dames Violet, Damask Violet, Queen's Gilly- 
flower, Rogue's Gillyflower, Night-scented Gillyflower. 
Heuchera sanguinea — Coral Bells, Alum-root, Rock Geranium. 
Hibiscus africanus — Black-eyed-beauty,* African Rose. 

" moschatus — Swamp Rose Mallow, Sea Hollyhock, Marsh Mallow, Mallow 

Rose. 
'♦ sjrriacus — Althaea, Syrian Mallow, Rose of Sharon. 

" Trionum — Flower-of-an-hour, Venice Mallow, Good-night-at-nine, Bladder 
Ketmia, Modesty, Devil's-head-in-a-bush. 
Hieracium aurantiacus — Orange or Tawny Hawk-weed, Hawk-bit, Devil's Paint 

brush, Grim-the-colliar, Painter's Brush. 
Hottonia palustris — Water Violet. 
Houstonia caerulea — Bluets, Angel's-tears, Little-washer-women, Bright-eyes, Quaker 

Ladies, Quaker-bonnets, Nuns, Wild Forget-me-not. 
Eumulus — Hop. 

Hyacinthus orientalis — Hyacinth, Jacinth. 
Hypericum calycinum — St. John's-wort, Aaron's-beard, Rose-of-Sharon. 

359 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Hyssopus officinalis — Hyssop. 

Iberis coronaria (I. amara coronaria) — Crown Candytuft. 
" odorata— Fragrant Candytuft. 

" sempervirens — Hardy Candytuft, Evergreen Candytuft. 
Ilex AquL'olium — European Holly, Aunt Mary's Tree, He-holly, Crocodile, Prick- 
hoUen. 
" opaca — American Holly, White Holly, Winterberry. 
" verticillata — Black or False Alder, Fever-bush, Winterberry. 
Impatiens Balsamina — Balsam, Lady's-slipper. 

Inula Helenium — Elecampane, Heal-all, Elf-dock, Horse-heal, Velvet-dock, Scab- 
wort. 
lonopsidium acaule — ^Violet Cress. 
Ipomoea grandifiora alba — Moonflower, Star-glory. 

" imperialis (I. hederacea vars.) — Imperial Japanese Morning-glory. 
Iris alata — Scorpion Iris. 

albicans — White Florentine. 

arenaria (I. fiavissima) — Sand Iris. 

asiatica (I. pallida) — Asiatic Flag. 

aurea — Golden Flag, Frilled Flag. 

cristata — Crested Iris. 

florentina — Florentine Iris, White Flag, Sweet Flower-de-luce. 

foetidissima — Gladwyn. 

fulva — Ta-»Tiy Flag. 

germanica — German Flag. 

gigantea (I. orientalis) — Gold-banded Flag. 

graminea — Grass-leaved Flag. 

iberica — Iberian Flag. 

juncea — Rush-leaved Iris. 

lacustis — Lake Iris. 

laevigata (syn. Kaempferi) — Japan Iris. 

lupina (I. Saari) — Wolf's-ear Iris. 

lurida — Mahogany Iris. 

missouriensis — Western Blue Flag. 

pallida — Great Blue Flag 

pavonia — Peacock Iris. 

persica — Persian Iris. 

Pseudacorus — Yellow Water Flag, Bastard Flag, Daggers, Jacob's Sword,, 
Flagons, Yellow Water-skegs. 

pumila — Dwarf Iris. 

reticulata — Netted Iris. 

sambucina — Elder-scented Iris. 

sibirica — Siberian Iris. 

stylosa (I. unguicularis) — Algerian Iris. 

susiana — Mourning Iris. 

tectorum — Japan Roof Iris. 

tuberosa — Snake's-head Iris. 

vema — Spring Iris. 

versicolor — Blue Flag, Wild Iris, Flag-lily, American Fleur-de-lis, Snake Flag. 

xiphioides — Spanish Iris. 

xiphium — English Iris. 
Itea virginica — Virginia Willow. 
Jasminum grandiflorum — Jasmine or Jessamy. 

" nudiflorum — Naked Jasmine, Winter Stars. 

" officinale — Common Sweet White Jasmine. 

Jasione — Sheep Scabius. 
Jeffersonia diphylla — Twin-leaf. 

Juniperus communis — Juniper Tree, Fairy Circle, Horse-savin. 
Sabina — Savin, Saving-tree, Cover-shame. 

" virginiana — Red Cedar, Pencilwood. 

360 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Ealmia latifolia — Rose Laurel, Calico Bush, Broad-leaved Laurel, Spoonwood, Sheep- 
poison. 
Kerria japonica — Jew's-mallow. 

Kniphofia (syn. Tritoma) — Red-hot-poker, De%drs-poker, Torch Lily. 
Kochia trichophylla — Summer Cypress, Belvedere, Mexican Fire-plant, Mock Cy- 
press, Sun-set Plant, Burning Bush. 
Laburnum vulgare — Laburnum, Golden Chain or Rain, He-broom, False Ebony. 
Lamium maculatum — Dead or Blind Nettle, Babe-in-the-cradle, Suckie-sue. 
Lapageria — Napoleon's-bell. 
Lathryus latifolius — Everlasting-pea. 

' ' odoratus — Sweet Pea, Painted Lady. 
' ' tuberosa — Garnet-flower,* Tuber Pea. 
Lavandula Spica— Spiked Lavender, Lavender-spike, French Lavender, Male- 
lavender. 
" Stoechas — Arabian Lavender, Sticadose, Cast-me-down, Lavender-gentle. 

" vera — True Lavender. 

Lavatera — Tree Mallow. 
Layia elegans — Tidy-tips. 
Leiophyllum buxifoUum — Sand Myrtle. 
Leontopodium alpinixm — Edelweiss. 
Leptosiphon — see Gilia. 

Leptosyne maritima — Sea Dahlia, False Tidy-tips. 
Leucojum — Snowflake. 
Leucothoe Catesbaei— Swamp Leucothe, Wliite Osier, White Pepper, Dog Laurel, 

Branch Ivy. 
Levisticum — Lovage, Smellage, Smelling-root, Levorce. 
Liatris pychnostachya — Kansas Gay-feather, Blazing Star, Sivy-rockets.* 
Ligustrum — Privet, Prim, Print, Skedge. 
LiUum auratum — Gold-banded Lily. 
Brownii — Brown's Lily. 

canadense — Canada Lily, Nodding Lily, Meadow Lily. 
candidum — Madonna Lily, Juno's-rose, June lily, Bourbon Lily, 
chalcedonicum — Scarlet Martagon. 
croceum — Herring Lily, Saffron Lily. 
Martagon — Turk's-cap Lily. 
pardalinum — Panther Lily. 
Parryi — Lemon Lily, 
parvum — Small Tiger Lily. 

philadelphicum — Wood Lily, Huckleberry Lily, Flame Lily, 
pomponium — Scarlet Pompone. 
rubescens — Ruby Lily, Chaparral Lily, 
superbum — Turk's-cap Lily, Swamp Lily. 
tenuifolium — Coral Lily, Red Wax Lily.* 
testaceum — Nankeen Lily, 
tigrinum — Tiger lily. 

umbellatum— Nodding Lily, Western Red Lily. 
Washingtonianum — Shasta Lily. 
Limnanthes Douglasi — Marsh-flower, Pool-flower, Meadow Foam. 

" " alba — Evening Snow. 

Linaria alpina — ^Alpine Toadflax. 
" bipartita — Annual Heather. 

" Cymbalaria — Ivy-leaved Toadflax,' Kennelworth Ivy. 
" dalmatica — Dalmation Toadflax. 

" vulgaris — Butter-and-eggs, Bread and Butter, Haycock, Impud,ent-3awyer, 
Dead-men's-bones, Bride-weed, Devil's-flax. 
Linnaea borealis — Twin flower. 
Linum alpinum — Mountain Flax. 
" flavum — Yellow Flax. 
" grandiflorum — Wine-flower.* 

361 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Linum monogynum — New Zealand Flax. 
" narbonense — Narbonne Flax. 
" perenne — Blue Flax, Fairy Flax. 
" salsaloides — White Rock Flax. 
" viscosum — Clarrmuy Flax. 
Liquidamber — Sweet-gum, Red-gum, Alligator Tree, Opossum Tree, Satin Wal- 
nut. 
Liriodendron tulipifera — Tulip Tree, Wliitewood, Canoe-wood, Saddle-leaf, Blue 

Poplar, Yellow Poplar. 
Lithospermum prostratum (L. fruticosum) — Creeping Gromwell. 
Loasia hispida — Chili Nettle. 
Lobelia cardinalis— Cardinal-flower, Red Lobelia, Red Betty, Slinkweed, Hog-physic. 

" syphilitica — Great Lobelia, High-belia, Blue Lobelia. 
Lonicera fragrantissima — Twin-flowered Honeysuckle, Winter Honeysuckle. 
" japonica — Japanese Honeysuckle, Silver-and-gold-vine. 
" Periclymenum — Woodbine, English Honeysuckle, Twisted Eglantine, Suck- 

hng. 
" sempervirens — Trumpet Honeysuckle, Coral Honeysuckle. 
" tatarica— Tartarian, Garden, or Fly Honeysuckle. 
Lotus comiculatus— Bird's-foot-trefoil, Crow-toe, Ground-Honeysuckle, Cat-in- 

clover. Jack-jump-about, Lady's-shoes-and-stockings. 
Lunaria biennis — Honesty, Money-in-both-pockets, White Satin, Satin-pod, Monkey- 
flower, Penny-flower, Lunary, Gold-and-silver, Matrimony. 
Lupinus— Lupine, Old-maid's-sunbonnets, Quaker-bonnets, Sundial plant. 
Lycium chinense— Matrimony Vine, Bastard Jasmine, Boxthorn, Duke-of-Argyll's- 

tea-tree. 
Lychnis alba— White Campion, Thunder-flower, White Cuckoo-flower, White Robin. 
" alpina — Alpine Campion, Rock Lychnis. 
" chalcedonica — Scarlet Lightning, Campion-of-Constantinople, Jerusalem 

Cross, Nonesuch, Fire-balls, Mock-Sweet William, Flower of Bristol. 
" Coronaria— Rose Campion or Champion, Crowned Campion, Gardener's 

Eye, Pink Mullein, Dusty Miller. See Agrostemma. 
" Flos-cuculi — Cuckoo flower, Indian Pink, Cuckoo Gillyflower, Meadow 

Campion, Ragged Jack, Ragged Robin, Wild Williams. 
" Flos-Jovis — Flower-of-Jove, Jove's Campion. 
Lychnis Viscaria — Clammy Lychnis, German Catchfly. 

Lysimachia Nummularia — Moneywort, Creeping Loosestrife, Creeping Jenny, Down- 
hill-of-life, Herb Twopence, Meadow-runnegates, Strings-of-sovereigns, 
Wandering-sailor, Creeping Charlie, Yellow Myrtle. 
" vulgaris— Common Loosestrife, Yellow Willow-herb, Yellow Myrtle. 
Lythrum Salicaria— Rose Loosestrife, Red Sally, Long-purples, Rainbow-weed, 

Purple-grass, Milk Willow-herb, Sage Willow, Trooper's Feather. 
Malcomia elegans — ^Virginia Stock. 
Magnolia conspicua — Yulan magnolia. 

" glauca — Swamp Bay, Sweet Magnolia, Beaver Tree, Holly Bay, Elk-bark. 
" steUata (M. Halleana) — Star magnolia. 
Malva moschata — Musk Mallow. 
Malvastrum — False Mallow, Rock Mallow. 
Marrubium vulgare — Horehound. 
Matricaria — Balderbrae, Corn Feverfew. 
Matthiola annua — Ten-weeks'-stock, Stock Gillyflower. 
" bicomis — Night-scented Stock. 
" incana — Brompton Stock, Queen's Stock. 
Meconopsis cambrica— Welsh Poppy. 

" heterophylla — Flaming Poppy, Blood-drops, Wind Poppy.. 

" Wallichii— Satin Poppywort, Blue Poppy. 

Melilotus alba— White Meliot, Honey Lotus, Sweet Lucern. 

Melissa officinalis— Balm, Sweet Mary, Lemon Balm, Cure-all, Honey-plant, Lemon 
Lobelia. 

362 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Mentha piperita — Peppermint, Brandy Mint, Lamb Mint. 

" Requini — Corsican Mint. 

" rotundifolia — Round-leaved, or Apple Mint, Patagonia Mint. 

" spicata — Spearmint, Heart Mint, Mackeral Mint, Our Lady's Mint. 

" viridis — Spearmint. 
Mentzelia Lindleyi — Evening Star. 

Mertensia virginica — Virginia Cowslip, Roanoke Bells, Virginia Lungwort. 
Mesembryanthemum — Fig-Marigold, Ice-plant. 
Michauxia campanuloides — Michaux's Bellflowers. 
Mimulus moschatus — Musk, Vegetable Musk, Monkey-flower. 
Mina lobata — Mexican Morning Glory. 
Mirabilis Jalapa — Marvel-of-Peru, Four-o'clock, Jalap, Belle de nuit, World's 

Wonder, Good-afternoon-Ladies. 
Mitchella repens— Partridge Berry, Twin-berry, Squaw-vine, Wild running-box. 

Checker-berry, Winter-Clover, Squaw-plum. 
Monarda didyma — Bergamot, Bee-balm, Crown-flower,* Sweet Mary, Indian's- 

plume. 
Morina longifolia — Whorl-flower. 
Muscari botryoides — Grape Hyacinth, Jacinth, Pearls of Spain (White variety). 

" comosum — Feathered Hyacinth, Purple Tassels, Purse-tassels, Tuzzie- 
muzzie. 

" moschatum — Musk Hyacinth. 

" racemosum — Starch Hyacinth. 
Myosotidium nobile — Chatham Island Forget-me-not, Antarctic Forget-me-not. 
Myosotis alpestris — Alpine Forget-me-not. 

" palustris — Common Forget-me-not, Mouse-ear, Love-me, Scorpion-grass. 

" sylvatica — Wood Forget-me-not. 
Myrica Gale — Sweet Gale, Burren Myrtle, Devonshire Myrtle. 

" cerifera — Bay-berry, Candle-berry, Wax-berry, Tallow Shrub. 
Myrrhis odorata — Sweet Cicily, Sweet Angelica, Spanish Chervil, 
narcissus — Dafi'odil, Daffy-down-dilly, Lent Lily, Chalice flower, Easter Lily, 
Yellow Crow-bells, Queen Ann's Daffodil, Saffron Lily, Affodil, Glen. 

" albicans moschatus (N. Pseudo-Narcissus var.) — White Musk Daffodil. 

" biflorus — Primrose Peerless. 

" Bulbocodium — Hoop-petticoat Daffodil. 

" Burbidgei — Dolly-cup Narcissus. 

" Campemelli (N. odorus) — Campernelle. 

" cyclamineus — Cyclamen Daffodil. 

" incomparabilis albus plenus — Orange Phoenix. 

" " aurantius plenus — Butter and Eggs. 

" " " " luteus — Eggs and Bacon. 

" " plenus sulphureus — Codlins and Cream, Sulphur Phoenix. 

" Jonquilla — Jonquil, Yellow Jack. 

" juncifolius — Rush-leaved Daffodil. 

" Leedsii — Silver-winged or Star Daffodils, Eucharis-flowered. 

" moschatus — Musk Daffodil. 

" obvallaris (N. Pseudo-Narcissus var.) — Tenby Daffodil. 

" odorus — Sweet Campernel. 

" " minor plenus — Queen Ann's Double Daffodil. 

" " plenus — Double Campernel. 

" poeticus— Poet's Daffodil, Sweet Nancy, Rose-of-May. 

" " albus plenus odoratus— Gardenia-flowered. 

" " recurvus — Pheasant's Eye. 

" Pseudo-Narcissus— English Daffodil, Lent Lily. 

" " " plenissimus — Parkinson's Rose-flowered Daffodil. 

" " " scotius plenus — Double Scotch Garland Lily. 

" Tazetta — Bunch-flowered or Polyanthus Narcissus. 

" triandus albus— Angel's Tears, Gannymede's Cap. 
Nemophila insignis— Love-grove, Baby-blue-eyes, California Bluebell, Baby's Eyes. 

363 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Nepeta Mussini — Cat-mint. 
Nicotiana affinis — Sweet White Tobacco. 
Nierembergia rivularis — Cup-flower, White Cup. 

Nigella damascena — Love-in-a-mist, Devil-in-a-bush, St. Katherine's Wheel, Fennel- 
flower, Jack-in-prison, Lady-in-a-bower, Ragged Lady, Bishop's-wort, 
Love-in-a-puzzle, Prick-my-nose. 
" sativa — Black Cumin, Roman Coriander, Nutmeg-flower, Fitch. 
Nolana — Chilian Bellflower. 
Notospartium — New Zealand Pine Broom. 
Nymphaea alba — Water Lily, Pond Lily. 

Nyssa sylvatica — Pepperidge, Sour-gum, Tupelo, Hornpipe, Swamp Hornbeam. ' 
Ocimum Basilicum — Basil. 
Oenothera biennis — Common Evening primrose. Sun-cups. 

" Youngii — California Primrose. 

Omphalodes vema — Spring, Navelwort, Creeping Forget-me-not. 

" linifolia — Venus' Navelwort. 

Ononis arvensis — Rest-harrow, Cammock-whin, Ground-furze, Steadfast, Sit-fast, 

Stay-plow. 
Onopordon — Cotton Thistle. 
Onosma taurica — Golden-drop. 

Opuntia vulgaris — Prickly Pear, Indian Fig, Barbary Fig. 

Orchis mascula — Adam-and-Eve, Male-orchis, Bloody-butcher, Dead-men's-fingers, 
Kettle-case, Dog-stones, Gander-goose, Gramfer-gray-legs, Soldier's 
Jacket, Spree-springle. 
" mono — Goose-and Goslins, Meadow Orchis. 
Origanum vulgare — Sweet Marjoram, Mountain Mint, Wind Marjoram. 
Omithogalum umbellatum — Star-of-Bethlehem, Eleven-o'clock-lady, Ten-o'clock, 

Sleepy Dick, Nap-at-noon, John-go-to-bed-at-noon. 
Orontium aquaticum — Golden Club, Tuckahoe, Water-dock. 
Orobus vernus — Spring Bitter-veitch. 
Osmunda regalis — Royal Fern, Ditch Fern, Regal Fern. 

" cinnamomea — Cinnamon Fern, Fiddle-heads, Swamp-brake, Bread-root. 
Oxalis — ^Wood Sorrel, Sleeping Clover, Cuckoo-sour, Alleluia, Wood-sour, Gowk's 

Clover, Green-sauce, Sleeping-beauty. 
Pachysandra terminalis — Mountain Spurge. 
Paeonia — Peony, Piny, Cheeses, Vinegar Rose. 
Papaver alpinum — Alpine Poppy. 
" glaucum — Tuhp Poppy. 
" nudicaule — Iceland Poppy. 
" orientale — Oriental Poppy. 
" pavonia — Peacock Poppy. 
" Rhoeas — Corn Poppy, Field Poppy, Corn or Copper Rose, Cheese-bowl, 

Headaches, Thunder-flower. 
" rupifragum — Apricot Poppy, Spanish Poppy.* 
" somniferum — Opium Poppy, Joan-silver-pin, Marble-flower. 
Pamassia palustris — Grass of Parnassus, White Butter-cup. 
Parthenacissus {See Ampelopsis). 
Passiflora — Passion Flower. 

Pedicularis — Lousewort, Beafsteak Plant, Wood Betony. 
Pentstemon barbatus — Scarlet Beard-tongue, Scarlet Bugler. 

" digitalis — False Fox-glove. 

Periploca — Silk-vine, Climbing Dogbane. 
Perovskia atriplicifolia — Silver Sage. 
Persica — Peach. 
Petasites fragrans — Winter Heliotrope, Butterfly-dock, Pestilence Weed, Oxwort, 

Butter-burr. 
Petrocallis pyrenaica — Rock Beauty. 

Phalaris arundinacea — Ribbon Grass, Gardener's Garters, Striped Grass, Daggers, 
Ladies' Laces, Brides'-laces, London Lace. 

864 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Phacelia campanularia— Wild Canterbury Bell, Wild Heliotrope. 

Philadelphus — Mock-orange. 

Phlomis fruticosa— Jerusalem Sage, Sage-leaf Mullein. 

" Lychnitis — Lamp-wick. 
Phlox divaricata— Wild Sweet William. 
" bryoides — Moss Phlox. 
" Douglasii — Alpine Phlox. 
" Drummondii — Drummond's Phlox. 
" maculata — Wild Sweet William. 

" subulata — Moss Pink, Flowering Moss, Wild or Ground Pink, Creeping Phlox, 
Grave-yard plant.* 
Phormium tenax — Flax Lily, New Zealand Flax. 

Physalis peruvianum — Chinese-lantern Plant, Strawberry-Tomato, Cape Goose- 
berry. 
Physostegia virginiana — False-dragon's-head, Obedient-plant. 
Picea (Abies) — Spruce-fir, Gallipot Tree, Mast Tree. 

" canadensis — White Spruce, Pine, Cat or Skunk Spruce. 
" mariana — Blue Spruce, Spruce-gum Tree, He-balsam. 
Pieris mariana — Stagger-bush. 
Pimpinella Anisum — Garden Anise, Sweet Anny. 

" Saxifraga — Bennet, Burnet Saxifrage, Break-stone, Old-man's Plaything. 

Pinus Cembra — Swiss Stone Pine. 

" palustris — Georgia Pine, Long-leaved Pine, Yellow Pine, Yellow Jack. 
" rigida — Pitch Pine, Sap-pine, Candlewood, Torch-pine, Light-wood. 
" Strobus — White Pine, Deal Pine, Weymouth Pine. 
" sylvestris — Scotch Pine, Red Deal. 

" Taeda — Loblolly Pine, Old Field Pine, Longshucks and Bastard, Foxtail, 
Virginia, Swamp, Indian and Rosemary Pine. 
Platanus acerifolia — London Plane Tree. 

" occidentalis — Button Ball, Button Wood, False Sycamore, American Plane 
Tree. 
Platycodon grandiflorum — Chinese Bellflower, Balloon-flower. 
Platystemon calif omica — Cream-cups. 
Plumbago Larpentae — Leadwort. 

Podophyllum — Duck's Foot, Wild Mandrake, May-apple. 
Pogonia ophioglossoides — Rose Pogonia, Snake-mouth. 

Polemonium caeruleum — Greek Valerian, Jacob's Ladder, Charity, Ladders-to- 
heaven, Makebale. 
" reptans — Creeping Valerian, Abscess-root, Sweet-root, Blue-eyed Susan. 

Polianthes tuberosa — Tuberose, Funeral Flower. 

Polygala paucifolia — Milkwort, Gay-wings, Babies' Slippers, Indian Pink, Flowering 
Wintergreen. 
" polygama — Bitter Milkwort. 
Polygonatum biflorum — Solomon's Seal. 
Polygonum — Knotweed. 

" cuspidatum — Japanese Knotweed. 

" orientale — Persicary. 

Polypodium vulgare — Polypody, Fever Fern, Ever Fern, Moss Fern, Golden-locks, 

Wall Fern. 
Pontederia cordata — Pickerel Weed. 
Populus alba — White or Silver Poplar, Dutch Beech. 

" deltoides — Cottonwood, Necklace Poplar, Alamo. 

" tremuloides — American Aspen, Mountain Ash, Quiver-leaf, Auld-wive's 
Tongues. 
Portulaca grandifiora — Sunplant, French or Garden Purslane, Wax Pink, Mexican 

Rose, Kentucky Moss. 
Potentilla fruticosa — Hardback, Prairie-weed, Shrubby Potentilla. 

Other names applied to various species — Cinquefoil, Barren Strawberry, 
Silverweed, Silver-feather, Tormintilla, Running Buttercup, Five-finger. 

365 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Poterium Sanguisorba — Salad Burnet. 
Primula acaulis — Steraless Primrose. 
" amoena — Caucasian Primrose. 

" Auricula— Auricula, Bear's Ear, French Cowslip, Tanners' Apron. 
" denticulata — Toothed Primrose. 
" elatior — Oxlip, Great Cowslip, Paigles. 
" farinosa— Mealy Primrose, Bird's-eye, Scotch Primrose, Bonny-bird-een, 

Powdered-beau. 
" japonica — Japanese Primrose. 

" officinalis— Cowslip, Petty-mullen, Culverkeys, Herb Peter, Palsey-wort, 
Key-flower. 
Prunus Amygdalus (syn. Amygdalus communis) — Almond. 
" americana — Wild Red Plum. 
" angustifolia — Chicksaw Plum. 
" avium — Mazzard, Gean. 
" cerasus — Morello Cherry. 
" domestica — Green Gage. 
" japonica — Japanese Cherry. 
" maritima — Beach Plum. 
" Mume — Japanese Apricot. 
" nigra — Canada Plum. 
" Padus — Bird Cherry. 
" pendula — Rose-bud Cherry. 
" persica fl. pi. — Rose-flowered Peach. 
" Pissardi — Purple-leaved Plum. 
" serotina— Rum Cherry, Wild Black Cherry. 
" spinosa — Sloe, Black-thorn. 
" triloba — Rosette Plum. 
" virginiana — Choke Cherry, Wild Cherry. 
Pulmonaria angustifolia — Blue Cowslip. 

" officinalis — Lungwort, Jerusalem CowsUp, Spotted-Mary, Beggar's-basket, 

Joseph-and Mary, Bedlam Cowslip, Spotted Comfrey, Virgin Mary's 
Honeysuckle, Sage-of-Bethlehem. 
Puschkinia scilloides — Striped Squill. 

Pyracantha coecinea or Lolaude — Fire-thorn, Evergreen Thorn. 
Pyrethrum aureum — Golden Feather. 

" hybridum — Painted Feverfew, Painted Daisies. 

" Tchihatchewii — Turfing Daisy. 

" uliginosum — Great Daisy. 

Pyrola rotundifolia — Shin-leaf, False Wintergreen, Consumption-weed, Canker 

Lettuce. 
Pyrus Aucuparia — Mountain Ash, Rowan. 
" baccata — Siberian Crab. 

" coronaria — Garland Crab, American Sweet-scented Crab. 
" fioribunda — Japanese Crab-apple. 
" Malus — Crab-apple, Hedgeapple, Scrog. 
" Malus praecox — Paradise Crab. 
" " sempervirens — Evergreen Crab. 

Pyjddanthera barbulata — Pine-barren-beauty, Flowering Moss, Pyxie Moss. 
Quercus acuminata — Chestnut Oak, Chinquapin. 
" alba — White or Turkey Oak. 
" Robur — English Oak, Gospel Tree, Female Oak. 
" virginiana — Live Oak. 
Ramondia pyrenaica — Rosette Mullein. 
Ranunculus aconitifolius — Fair-maids-of-France. 

•' " alba — White Bachelor's-buttons. 

" acris — Meadow Buttercup, Crazies, Gold-knops, Locket-gowan, Guilty- 

cup, Meadow-gowans. 
" alpestris — Alpine Buttercup. 

366 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Ranunculus amplexicaulis — White Buttercup. 

" arvensis — Devil's Claws, Goldweed, Corn-crowfoot. 

" bulbosus — St. Anthony's Turnip, Bulbous Buttercup, Frogwort, Gill-cup, 

Meadow-bloom. 
" Ficaria — Pilewort. 

" Lyalli — Rockwood Lily. 

" monspeliacus — Montpelier Buttercup. 

" repens — Creeping Crowfoot, Granny-threads, Meg-many-feet, Hod-the- 

rake. Lantern-leaves, Devil's Guts, Tether-toad. 
Reseda odorata — Mignonette, Frenchman's Darling. 
Rhamnus — Buckthorn. 

Rhexia virginica — Deer-grass, Meadow Beauty, Handsome-Harry. 
Rhodanthe — Swan-river Everlasting. 
Rhododendron catawbiense — Rose Bay, Catawba Rhododendron. 

" chrysanthemum — Siberian Rhododendron, Siberian Rose, Snow Rose, 

Yellow Rhododendron. 
" indicum — Indian Azalea. 

" majdmum— Wild Rose Bay, Great Laurel, Spoon-hutch. 

Rhodora canadensis — May Pink, Lamb-kill. 
Rhodotypus kerrioides — White Jew's Mallow. 
Rhus aromatica — Fragrant Sumach, Squaw-berry. 
" coriaria — European Sumach, "Tanner's-bush. 

" cotinoides (Cotinus americanus) — American Smoke Tree, Chittam Wood. 
" Cotinus (Cotinus Coggygria) — Smoke Tree, Wild Olive, Venetian Sumach. 
" hirta — Stag-horn Sumach. 

" Toxicodendron — Poison Ivy, Black Mercury, Poison Oak. 
" typhina — Stag-horn Sumach. 
Ribes aureum — Buffalo Currant, Flowering or Clove Currant. 
" nigrum — Black Currant, Squinancy-berry, Quinsy-berry. 
" rubrum — Northern Red Currant, Garnet-berry, Gazle-berry. 
Ricincus communis — Caster Oil Plant, Palma-Christi, Man's Motherwort, Stedfast, 

Oil Nut. 
Robinia hispida — Rose acacia. Moss Locust. 

" Pseudacacia — Honey Locust, Bastard acacia. Silver-chain, Yellow or Black 
Locust. 
Roemeria hybrida — Purple Horned Poppy, Wind Rose. 
Romneya Coulteri — California Tree Poppy, Mitilija Poppy, Mission Poppy. 
Rosa alba — Single White Rose, Blush Rose. 
" alpina — Alpine Rose. 
" arvensis — Field Rose, Ayrshire Rose. 
" Banksiae — Banksian Rose. 
" blanda — Smooth Rose, Swamp Rose. 
" bourbonica — Bourbon Rose. 
" bracteata — McKartney Rose. 
" Brunonii — White Indian Rose. 
" canina — Dog Rose, Canker-bloom, Cat-whin, Hip-brier, Brier-rose, Soldier's or 

Lawyer's Rose, Wild-brier. 
" Carolina — Carolina Swamp Rose or Hip Tree. 

" centifolia — Hundred-leaved Rose, Cabbage Rose, Provence Rose, Provins Rose. 
" cinnamomea — Cinnamon Rose. 
" damascena — Damask Rose, Patience Rose. 
" " variagata — York and Lancaster Rose. 

" Eglanteria (R. rubiginosa) — Eglantine, Sweet Brier, Kitchen Rose. 
" Fortuneana — Fortune's Yellow Rose, Yellow Wreath Rose. 
" gallica — French Rose, Provins Rose, Red Rose, Dutch Rose. 
" " muscosa — Moss Rose. 
" " pomponia — Pompon or Miniature Rose. 
" humilis— Pastures Rose, Low Wild Rose. 
" indica — China or Monthly Rose, Indian Rose. 

367 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Rosa indica fragrans — Tea Rose. 
" " minima — Fairy Rose. 
" " sanguinea — Crimson China Rose. 
" laevigata — Cherokee Rose, Jamaica Buclcthorn. 
" Lawrenceana — Miss Lawrence's Rose. 
" lucida — Dwarf Wild Rose. 
'* lutea(R. foetida) — Austrian Yellow Brier. 
" " bicolor — Austrian Copper Rose.] 
•' moschata — Musk Rose. 
" multiflora — Chinese Many-flowered Rose. 
" " Grevillei — Seven-sisters-Rose. 

" nitida — Shining Rose, North-western Rose. 
" Noisettiana — Noisette Rose. 
" rugosa — Japanese Rose. 
" setegera — Prairie Rose, Michigan Rose. 
" spinossissima — Scotch Rose, Burnet Rose. 
" «' Harrisonii — Harrison's Yellow Rose. 

" " lutaa — Persian Yellow Rose. 

" Wichuraiana — Japanese Trailing Rose. 
Rosmarinus officinalis — Rosemary. 

Rubus caesius — Dew-berry, Black-berry-token, Blue Bramble. 
" canadensis — Low Black-berry, Dew-berry. 
" chamoemonis — Cloud Berry, Ground Mulberry, Averine, Noops, Baked- 

apple-berry. 
" deliciosus — Roclcy Mountain Bramble. 
" idaeus — European Raspberry, Siwen, Hain or Hind-berry. 
" laciniatus — Cat-leaved Bramble. 

" odoratus — Flowering Raspberry, Purple-or Rose-flowering Raspberry. 
" spectabilis — Salmon Berry. 
" parviflorus — Small-leaved Thimble-berry. 
Rudbeckia — Cone-flower. 

Ruta graveolens — Rue, Herb-o'-grace, Herb Repentance, Countryman's Treacle. 
Sabbatia angularis — New England Pink, Bitter-bloom, American Centaury, Pink 

Bloom, The Rose of Plymouth. 
Sagina glabra — Pearlwort, Make-beggar. 
Sagittaria — Arrow-head. 

Salix alba — Common European Willow, Duck Willow. 
" " argentea — Silver Willow. 
" " vitelUna — Golden Willow, Golden Osier. 
" babylonica — Weeping Willow, Ring Willow. 
" discolor — Pussy Willow. 
Salpiglossis sinuata — Painted Tongue. 
Salvia Greggii — Rosemary Sage. 
" fulgens — Scarlet Sage. 

" Horminum — Horminum Clary Red-top, Purple-top. 
" officinalis — Garden Sage, Save. 
" pratensis — Meadow Sage. 

" Sclarea — Clary, Oculus Christi, See-bright, Godes-eie. 
Sambucus canadensis — American Elder, Sweet Elder. 

" nigra — European Elder, Aldern, Hilder Bore-tree. 

" racemosa — Red-berried Elder, Scarlet Elder. 

Sanguinaria canadensis — Blood-root, Red Puccoon, Sweet Slumber, Coon-root. 
Santolina incana — Lavender Cotton, Yellow-buttons.* 
Sanvitalia procumbens — Thirst-plant. 
Saponaria ocymoides — Prostrate Soapwort. 

" officinalis — Bouncing Bet, Bruisewort, Soapwort, Chimney Pink, Boston 
Pink, Old-maid's Pink, Fuller's Herb, Latherwort, Sweet Betty, Mock 
Gilliflower, Lady-by-the-Gate, World's Wonder, Crow-soap, Dusty 
Lady. 
Saponaria vaccaria — Cow-herb. 

368 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Sassafras — Sassafras Tree, Ague Tree. 
Satureia montana — Winter Savory. 

" hortensis — SummeriSavory. 
Saxifraga graniilata — Meadow Saxifrage. 
" hypnoides — Dovedale Moss. 
" pellata — Umbrella Plant. 

" sarmentosa — Beefsteak or Strawberry Geranium, Aaron's Beard, Creeping 
Sailor, Humility, Mother-of-thousands, Old-man's-beard, Pedler's Bas- 
ket, Poor-man's-geranium, Roving Jenny, Thread-of-life. 
" umbrosa — London Pride, St. Patrick's Cabbage, None-so-pretty, Sweet 

Nancy, Pratling Parnell, Prince's Feather. 
" virginiensis — Early Saxifrage, Sweet Wilson, Mountain Lettuce. 
Scabiosa atropurpurea — Sweet Scabious, Pincushion Flower, Mournful Widow, 

Egyptian Rose, Mourning Bride. 
Schizanthus — Butterfly Flower, Fringe Flower. 
Scilla amoena — Star Hyacinth, Star Squill. 
" bifolia — Two-leaved Squill. 
" festalis— Bluebell, Hair-bell, Bell-bottle, Crow-leek, Crow-bell, Wild Hyacinth, 

Wood Hyacinth. 
" hispanica — Spanish Squill. 
" nutans — Nodding Hyacinth. 
" siberica — Star Hyacinth. 
" vema — Sea Onion. 
Scutellaria baicalensis — Skull-cap, Blue Pimpernel, Mad-dog. 

Sedum acre — Biting Stonecrop, Bird's Bread, Creeping Charlie, Gold-chain, Wall- 
pepper, Gold Moss or Dust, Creeping Jack, Jack-o'-the-buttery, Love- 
entangle, Poor-man's-pepper, Prick-madam, Kit-o'-the-wall, Stonnard, 
Treasure-of-love, Tangletail, Trip-madam. 
" albixm — Wormgrass, White Stonecrop. 
" Anacampseros — Herb-of-friendship, Evergreen Orpine. 
" coeruleum — Blue Stonecrop or Wall Pepper. 
" kamtschaticum — Orange Stonecrop 

" pulchelliun — Widow's-cross, Rock Moss, Bird's-foot Stonecrop. 
" reflexum — Stone Orpine. 
" roseum — Rose Root, Snowdon Rose. 
" rupestre — Jealousy-root, Rock Stonecrop. 
" Sieboldii — Japanese Stonecrop, Constancy, Lover's Wreath. 
" spectabile — Showy Stonecrop. 
" stoloniferum — Crimson Stonecrop. 

" Telephium — Orpine, Orphan-John, Bag-leaves, Midsummer-men, Witches- 
Money-bags, Life-of-man, Solomon's Puzzles, Live-forever, Frog's 
Bladder. 
" telephoides — ^Wild Live-forever, American Orpine, Sweetheart. 
Sempervivum arachaoideum — Cobweb Houseleek. 
" globifenim — Hen-and-chickens. 

" itectorum — Houseleek, Homewort, Hockerie-top-ner, Jupiter's Beard, 

Thunder-plant. 
" triste — Red-leaved Stonecrop. 

Senecio clivorum — Groundsel. 

" elegans— Flower of St. James, Jacobea. 
Silene Armeria — Sweet-William, Catch-fly, Dwarf or French Pink, Mice-pink, Sweet 
Susan, Pretty Pink, Wax-plant, Old Maid's Pink, Pretty Nancy, None 
so-pretty. 
acaulis — Moss Campion, Cushion Pink, 
alba— White Campion, 
alpestris — Alpine Catchfly. 
califomica — Indian Pink. 
Hookeri— Hooker's Catchfly. 
latifolia (syn. Cucubalus) — Bladder Campion, 
laciniata — The Indian Pink. 

369 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

SUene maritima — Witches Thimbles, Sea Catchfly, CliS Rose. 
" pennsylvanica — Wild Pink. 
" stellata — Starry Campion. 
" virginica — Fire Pink, Wild Pink. 

" vulgaris — Bladder Campion, Maiden's Tears, Frothy Poppy. 
Sisyrinchium grandiflorum — Satin Flower. 
Solanum — Nightshade. 
Soldanella alpina — Blue Moonwort. 
Solidago — Golden Rod. 
Sparaxis — African Harlequin Flower. 
Spartium junceum — Spanish Broom. 
Spigelia marilandica — Pink-root, Indian Pink, Star Bloom, Worm-grass, Maryland 

Pink. 
Spiraea Aruncus (Aruncus Sylvester) — Goat's-beard. 
" Filipendula (Filipendula hexapetala) — Dropwort. 

" prunifolia — Bridal-wreath, May-wreath, St. Peter's-Wreath, Italian May. 
" salicifolia — Queen-of-the-meadow. 
" tomentosa — Steeple Bush, Hard-hack, Rosy-bush, Poor-man's-Soap, Queen's 

Needlework. 
" ITlmaria (Filipendula Ulmaria) — Meadow-sweet. 
Stachys Corsica — Corsican Woundwort. 

" lanata — Woundwort, Lamb's-tongue, Hedge Nettle, Savior's Blanket. 
Staphylea — Bladder Nut. 

Statice incana (Limonium tataricum angustifolium) — Sea-lavender. 
Statice latifolia — Great Sea Lavender. 
Stellaria Holostea — Stitchwort, Star Flower, Easter Bell. 
Stembergia lutea — Lily-of-the-field, Autumn Daffodil. 
Stipa pennata — Feather Grass. 
Stokesia cyanea (syn. S. laevis) — Stokes' Aster. 
Styrax — Storax. 
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus (S. vulgaris) — Indian Currant, Coral Berry. 

" racemosus — Snowberry. 

Symphytum officinale — Comfrey, Knit-back, Backwort, Ass-ear, Consound,'Slippery- 

root. 
Syringa Josikaea — Hungarian Lilac. 

" chinensis (S. rothamagensis) — Rouen Lilac. 
" persica — Persian Lilac. 

" vulgaris — Common Lilac, Laylock, Blue-pipe Tree. 
Tagetes erecta — African Marigold, Turkey Gilliflower, African Tansy, Flos 
Africanus. 
" patula — French Marigold, Velvet Flower, Brown-buttons. 
Tamarix — Tamarisk. 

Tanacetum vulgare — Tansy, Bitter Buttons, Parsley-fern, English Cost. 
Taxodium — Cypress. 
Taxus baccata — English Yew, Chinwood, Wire-thorn. 

" " fastigiata — Irish Yew. 

Tecoma— (See Campsis). 
Telanthera— Joy-weed. 
Teucrium Botrys — Jerusalem Oak. 
" Chamaedrys — Germander. 
" Polium— Poly Germander. 
" Scorodonia — Wood Sage. 
Thalictrum adiantifolium — Fern-leaved Meadow-rue. 
" anemonoides (Syndesmon) — Rue Anemone. 

" aquilegifolium — Columbine-leaved Meadow-rue, Maid-of-the-Mist. 

" dioicum — Early Meadow-rue, Feathered Columbine, Quick-silver-weed, 

Shining Grass. 
" flavum — Fen-rue, Common Yellow Meadow-rue, Maiden-hair-rue, False 

or Monk's Rhubarb. 

370 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Thalictnun glaucum — Spanish Tuft, Yellow Feathers.* 

" minus — Dwarf Meadow Rue, Baby Meadow-rue.* 

Thennopsis carolmiana — False Lupine. 

Thuya occidentaiis — Arbor-vitae, White Cedar, Feather-leaf, Indian Feather-leaf. 
" orientalis — Chinese Arbor-vitae. 
" plicata — Red or Canoe Cedar. 
Thymus Serpyllum — Wild Thyme, Creeping, Bank, or Running Thyme, Shepherd's 
Thyme, Mother-of-Thyme, Hill-Thyme, Brotherwort, Pella- 
mountain, Pennymountain. 
" albus — White-flowered Thyme. 

" citriodorus — Lemon Thyme, Lemon-scented Thyme. 

" " argentia-marginata — Silver Thyme. 

" " aurea-marginata — Golden Thyme. 

" coccineus — Crimson Thyme. 

" lanuginosus — Woolly Thyme, 

vulgaris — Garden Thyme, Common Thyme. 
Tiarella cordifolia — Foam-flower, Coolwort, False-mitrewort, Gem-fruit. 
Tigridia Pavonia — Peacock Tiger Iris, Tiger-flower, Shell-flower. 
TiUa americana — American Linden, Bass-wood, White-wood, Black Lime-tree, Bast- 
tree, Bee-tree, Daddy-nut-tree, Monkey-nut-tree, Whistle-wood, Wickup. 
" europaea (T. vulgaris) (T. platyphyllos) — European Linden, Lime Tree, Till- 

tree. Bast-tree. 
" argentea(Syn. tomentosa) — White Lime. 
" vulgaris — Common Lime. 
Townsendia — Rocky Mountain Daisy. 
Trachelium caeruleum — Blue Throatwort. 

Tradescantia virginlca — Flower-of-a-day, Spiderwort, Spider Lily, Widow's Tears. 
Tragopogon pratensis — Goat's-beard. 
Tricyrtis— Toad Lily. 

Trientalis americana — Star-flower, May-star, Snake-flower. 
Trigonella coeruleum — Blue Meliot, Old-sow, Balm-of-Gilead. 

Trillium cemuum — Nodding Wake-robin, White Benjamin, Cough-root, Ground 
Lily, Jews-harp-plant, Snake-bite. 
" erectum — Birthwort, Bethroot, Red Benjamin, Bumble-bee root, Dish-cloth, 
Daffy-down-dilly, Indian Balm, Indian Shamrock, Wake-robin, Squaw- 
root, Nose-bleed, True-love, Orange-blossom, Painted Trillium. 
*' erythrocarpum — Painted Wood Lily, Sarah, Wild Pepper. 
•' grandiflorum — White Wake-robin, White Wood Lily, Bath-flower, White 
Birth-root. 
Triteleia uniflora — Spring Starflower. 
TroUius asiaticus — Globe-flower. 

" europaeus — Mountain Globe-flower, Troll-flower, Butter-basket, Cabbage- 
daisy, Lockin-gowan, Golden-ball. 
Tropaeolum majus — Nasturtium, Indian Cress. 
" peregrinum— Canary Creeper. 

" speciosum — Flame Flower. 

Tsuga canadensis — Hemlock, Hemlock-spruce, Tan-bark Tree, Spruce Pine. 

" Carolina — Carolina Spruce, Crag-tree. 
Tulip, old names Tulipase, Sacyrion, Dalmation, Turban-flower. 
TuUpa acuminata — Turkish Tulip. 
" chrysantha — Golden Tulip 
" Clusiana — Lady Tulip. 
", Didieri — Sweet Tulip. 
" Gesneriana Dracontia — Parrot Tulip. 
" Kaufmanniana — Water-lily Tulip. 
" Oculus-solis — Sun's-eye Tulip. 
" retroflexa — Lily Tulip.* 
" sylvestris — Wild Tulip, Wood Tulip. 
" vitellina — Orange-scented Tulip. 
Tunica Saxifraga — Saxifrage Pink. 

371 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Tussilago Farfara — Colts-foot, Horse, Ass or Bull-foot, Dove-dock, Ginger-root, 

Hoofs, Clayweed, British Tobacco. 
Typha latifolia — Cat's-tail, Reed-mace, Black-a-moor, Bull-rush, Bull's-egg, Marsh- 
beetle, Pool-rush, Candle-wick, Cat-o-nine-tails, Water Torch, Asparagus- 
of-the-Cossacks. 
TJlex europaeus — Gorse, Furse, Whin, Prickly Whin, Thorn-broom. 
Ulmus americana — American Elm, White or Water Elm. 
" campestris — European Elm, Horse-may. 
" fulva — Slippery Elm, Moose or Red Elm, Sweet Elm. 
" montana — Wych-Elm, Scotch Elm. 
tJvularia grandiflora — Bellwort. 

Vaccinium corymbosum — Common Blueberry, Giant Whortleberry, Huckleberry. 
" Myrtillus — Whortleberry, Billberry, Blaeberry, Whinberry. 

" Vitis-Idaea — American Mountain Cranberry, Rock Cranberry, Wine- 

berry, Cowberry, Cluster-berry, Flowering Box, Evergreen. 
Valeriana celtica — Celtic-nard, Spikenard. 

" ofl5cinalis — Cat-Valerian, Garden Heliotrope, All-heal, Setwall, Cut-heal, 

Herb-bennet, Vandle-root. 
" Phu — Cretan Spikenard. 
" " aurea — Golden Spikenard. 

" pyrenaica — Capon's-tail Grass. 
Valerianella — Lamb's Lettuce, Corn salad. 
Veratrum album — False Hellebore, Lingwort, Sneezewort. 

" viride — Indian Poke, American White Hellebore, Devil's-bit, Poor- Anna, 
Earth-gall, Tickleweed. 
Verbascum Blattaria — Moth Mullein. 

" ChaixU — Nettle-leaved Mullein. 

" olympicum — Greek Mullein. 

•* Thapsus — Torches, American Velvet Plant, Flannel-Plant, Witches' 

Candle, Aaron's Club, Hedge-taper, Feltwort, Clown's Lungwort, 
Candlewick, Jacob 's-sta£f. Lady's Foxglove, Old-man's-flannel, Peter's 
Staflf, Woollen. 
Verbena— Vervain. 
Vernonia arkansana — Ironweed. 
Veronica alpina — Alpine Speedwell. 

" Beccabunga — Brooklime, Well-ink, Water-purple. 

" Chamaedrys — Germander Speedwell, Angel's-eyes, Bird's Eyes, Blue-eye, 

God's Eye, Forget-me-not. 
" gentianoides — Gentian-Hke Speedwell. 
" incana — Hoary-leaf. 

" longifolia subsessilis— Great Speedwell, Japanese Speedwell. 
*' officinalis — Fluellen. 
" prostrata — Prostrate Speedwell. 
" repens — Creeping Speedwell. 

" rupestris (V. Teucrium prostrata) — Rock Speedwell. 
" spicata — Spiked Speedwell. 
" virginica — Virginia Speedwell, Culverwort. 
Vesicaria grandiflora — Bladder-pod. 

Viburnum acerifoUum — Maple-leaved Viburnum, Dock-mackie. 
" alnifoUum — Stagger-bush, Hobble-bush, Tangle-legs. 
" cassinoides — Withe-rod, False Paraguay Tea. 
" dentatum — Arrow-wood. 
" Lantana — Wayfaring Tree, Giddy-berry. 
" Lentago — Nanny-berry, Nanny-bush, Sweet-berry, Sheep-berry, Sweet 

Viburnum, Wild Raisin. 
" OpiJus — Guelder Rose, Cranberry Tree, High-bush Cranberry, Dog- 
rowan-tree. 
" " sterile — Snow-ball Tree, Summer Snowball.* 

" prunifolium — Black Haw, Boots. 

372 



LATIN AND ENGLISH PLANT NAMES 

Vinca major— Large Periwinkle, Band Plant, Hundred-eyes. 

" minor — Periwinkle, Blue Myrtle, Blue Buttons, Sorcerer's Violet. 
Viola blanda — Sweet White Violet, American Sweet Violet. 
" calcarata — Spurred Violet. 

" canadensis — Canada Violet, American Sweet Violet, June-flower, Hens. 
" canina — Dog Violet. 
" comuta — Horned Violet, Bedding Pansy. 
" cucullata — Common Blue Violet, Meadow or Hooded Violet, Chicken-fighters 

and Roosters. 
" lanceolata — Lance-leaved Violet. 
" lutea — Yellow Violet. 
" odorata — Sweet English Violet. 
" *' pallida — Neopolitan Violet. 

" palustris — Marsh Violet. 
" pedata — Bird's-foot Violet, Crowfoot, Horse-shoe, or Wood Violet, American 

Pansy, Johnny-jump-up, Velvets. 
" peduncidata — Johnny-jump-up, Yellow Pansy. 
" reniformis — New Holland Violet. 
" rothamagensis — Rouen Violet. 
" suavis — Sweet Violet. 

" tricolor — Pansy, Paunce, Fancy, Heart's-ease, Lady's-Delight, Trinity-flower, 
Battle-field-flower, Biddy's-eyes, Cupid's-delight, Five-faces-under-a-hood, 
Kiss-me-behind-the-garden-gate, Live-in-idleness, Johnny-jump-up, Kisses, 
Love-in-idleness, Monkey's-face, None-so-pretty, Step-mother. 
"} villosa — Virginia, Wood Violet. 
Viscaria — (See Lychnis). 

Walenbergia hederacea — Ivy-leaved Hairbell., 
" pumilio — Dalmation Blue-bell. 

" sazicola — New Zealand Blue-bell. 

'" serpyllifolia — Thyme-leaved Blue-bell. 

Watsonia — Bush Lily. 
Weigela (Diervilla) — Bush Honey. 
Xeranthemum annuum — Immortelle, Straw-flower. 
Yucca filamentosa — Silk Grass, Adam's Needle, Eve's Thread, Spanish Bayonet, 

Thread and Needle. 
Zauschneria californica — California Fuchsia. 
Zephyranthes — Flower-of-the-West-Wind, Zephyr Flower. 
Zinnia — ^Youth-and-Old-Age. 



373 



PERIODS OF FLOWERING 



PERIODS OF FLOWERING 

IT HAS been my custom for a good many years to set 
down in my day book each week the flowers in bloom 
in the garden. The following chart is the result of 
these notes and shows from April first to October first the 
plants upon which we may count for a display during each 
week of this period. An allowance of a week should be 
made for each hundred miles north or south of the latitude 
of New York. That is, in Boston the group for May first 
should be read May eighth, and in Richmond these early 
May flowers will bloom soon after the middle of April. 
There are no marked differences due merely to longitude. 
Flowers growing in a light soil are apt to come into bloom 
more precipitately and to be of shorter duration than those 
dwelling in stiff clay, and of course the exposure of the gar- 
den has somewhat to do with the blossoming time of its 
flowers. But with allowance made for these accidents 
of soil and exposure, the chart has served me well in my 
simple colour scheming, and I trust will be of use to others. 
Those listed do not at all exhaust the possibilities of garden 
flowers; they are simply the ones that have been under my 
eye for more than one season in my own garden. 

The colour divisions have been made as simple as is 
compatible with clarity. The first group is made up of the 
pure reds and scarlets such as one sees in Oriental Poppies — 
the reds with no blue in their composition. The generally 

377. 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

called red of the old red Paeony (P. officinalis) is relegated 
to the last group, the crimson and magenta, because, it 
seems to me, to be more closely allied to these than to the 
spectrum reds. Among these first reds, however, I have 
put the rich dark red Sweet William because it seemed not 
to belong properly in any other group. This has been the 
case also with the deep terracotta Helenium autumnale 
rubrum, and in the yellow and orange group with the 
tawny Tiger Lilies and the fuscous Orange Day Lilies 
(Hemerocallis fulva and H. Kwanso). With these excep- 
tions I trust the chart will prove accurate enough to render 
the making of lovely colour groups perfectly simple even 
for the beginner, when used in conjunction with the illus- 
trations and the text of the book. 

The third group, lavender and purple, includes lavender, 
mauve (a pinkish lavender), pure purple like the colour of 
Clematis Jackmani, and reddish purple like that of Iris 
Crimson King, which is yet not red enough to be placed in 
the crimson and magenta group. 

The blues are, as nearly as my eye can judge, pure blues 
with but little admixture of purple in their composition. 
The pinks are true pink, not leaning toward magenta, unless 
some may cavil at the inclusion of Malva moschata. 

The last group, magenta and crimson, represents those 
colours which are neither red nor purple but are closely 
related to both. They are called variously and indiscrimi- 
nately, as a rule, magenta, crimson, crimson-lake, rosy 
purple, and amaranth. The flowers in this group will be 
found to harmonize with each other, and with an admixture 
of gray foliage and white flowers create lovely pictures. 

378 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 

In compiling this chart I have simply dropped from the 
list each week the plants that have ceased to flower and 
added those that have begun to bloom. Annuals may be 
counted upon for a display from July until frost. 

It may be noted here that the nomenclature and style adopted 
follows generally the 1917 official code of "Standardized Plant Names" 
as being the most generally acceptable in a book that is designed for prac- 
tical garden use — but in a very few cases it has seemed better to follow 
more popular garden terminology. 

CHART FOR COLOUR AND PERIOD OF BLOOM 



RED AND 


WHITE AND 


LAVENDER 


YELLOW AND IdARK BLUE AND 


PINK AND 


MAGENTA AND 


SCARLET 


CREAM 


AND PURPLE 


ORANGE 1 LIGHT BLUE 


ROSE 


CRIMSON 








APRIL 1ST 








Galanthus 


Crocus 


Jasminum 


Scilla 


Daphne 






nivalis 


Imperati 


nudiflorum 


sibirica 


Mezereum 






Galanthus 


Crocus 


Crocus 










Elwesu 


biflorus 


susianus 










Crocus, 


Crocus, 


Crocus, 










Dutch vars. 


Dutch vars. 


Dutch vars. 










Sanguinaria 


Iris 


Eranthus 










canadensis 


reticulata 


hyemalis 










Leucojum 


Bulbocodium 


Benzoin 










vemum 




aestivale 
Erythronium 
americanum 














APRIL 8th 








Galanthus 


Crocus 


Jasminium 


Scilla 


Daphne " 


Aubrietia 




nivalis 


Imperati 


nudiflorum 


sibirica 


Mezeieum 






Galanthus 


Crocus, 


Crocus 


Scilla 








Elwesii 


Dutch vars. 












Crocus, 


Iris 


Crocus, 


Muscari 








Dutch vars. 


reticulata 


Dutch vars. 


botryoides 








Sanguinaria 


Bulbocodium' 


Benzoin 


Chionodoxa 








canadensis 


vemum 


aestivale 


sardensis 








Leucojum 


Viola 


Erythronium 


Chionodoxa 








vemum 


tricolor 


americanum 


Luciliae 








Dicentra 


Aubrietia, 


Adonis 










Cucullaria 


many vars. 


vemalis 










Amelanchier 














canadensis 














Lonicera 














fragrantis- 














sima 


















APRIL i6th 






Cydonia 


Crocus, 


Crocus, 


Crocus, 


Scilla 


Daphne 


Aubrietia 


japonica 


Dutch vars. 


Dutch vars. 


Dutch vars. 


sibirica 


Mezereum 


Phlox 




Sanguinaria 


Iris 


Erythronium 


Scilla 




subulata 




canadensis 


reticulata 


americanum 


amoena 







379 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



g^ I T^r°|^-'gs-pf. l-:^^^crfe^-^.r'| "-sT hs-^^r 



Dicentra 

Cucullaria 
Lonicera 

fragrantis- 
sima 
Amelanchier 

canadensis 
Arabis 

alpina 
Spiraea 

Thunbergii 
Magnolia 

stellata 
Anemone 

Hepatica 
Anemone 

Pulsatilla 
Phlox 

subulata, 

Nelsoni 
Muscari 

botryoides 

alba 



APRIL \6iH— Continued 



Viola 
tricolor 

Aubrietia, 

many vars. 
Anemone 

Pulsatilla 
Anemone 

Hepatica 
Phlox 

subulata var. 

G. F. Wilson 



Adonis 

vemalis 
Narcissus 

Narcissus 
Princeps 
Narcissus 
Golden Spur 
Narcissus 
obvaliaris 
Tulipa 
sylvestris 
Corydalis 
cheilanthi- 

folia 
Forsythia, 
several vars. 



Muscari 

botryoides 
Chionodoxa 

sardensis 
Chionodoxa 

Luciliae 



Cydonia 

japonica 
Aquilegia 

canadensis 
Primula 

polyanthus 
Tulipa 

Early Dutch 
Cheiranthus 

Cheiri 



Arabis 

alpina 
Spiraea 

Thunbergii 
Magnolia 

stellata 
Anemone 

Hepatica 
Anemone 

Pulsatilla 
Phlox 

subulata, 

Nelsoni 

Narcissus 

albicans 
Fritillaria 

meleagris 

alba 
Spiraea 

prunifolia 
Spiraea 
VanHout- 

tei 
Tulips, 
early 

Dutch 
Myosotis 
sylvatica 

alba 
Cherries, 
orchard 
Plums, 

orchard 
Prunus 
cerasifera 

Pissardi 
Magnolia 
conspicua 



Viola 

tricolor, 

many vars, 
Anemone 

Pulsatilla 
Phlox 

subulata 

G. F. Wilson 
Anemone 

Hepatica 
Aubrietia. 

many vars 
Puschkinia 

libanotica 



APRIL 24TH 

Narcissus, 

many vars. 
Tulipa 

sylvestris 
Corydalis 

cheilanthi- 

folia 

Forsythia 

Fritillaria 

imperialis 
Tulips, 

Early Dutch 
Primula 1 



Primula 

vulgaris 
Cheiranthus 

Cheiri 
Ribes 

odoratum 

(aureum) 



Muscari 

botryoides 
Chionodoxa 

sardensis 
Myosotis 

sylvatica 



Prunus 

japonica 
Prunus 

triloba 
Tulips, 

early 



Aubrietia 
Phlox 

subulata 
Primula 

polyanthus 



380 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



Cydonia 

japonica 
Aquilegia 

canadensis 
Primula 

polyanthus 
Tulips, 

early Dutch 
Che ir ant bus 

Cheiri. 
many vars. 



Narcissus 

albicans 
Tulips, 

early 
Fritillaria 

alba 
Spiraea 

pninifolia 
Arabis 

alpina 
Phlox 

subulata 

Neisoni 
Spiraea 

Van Hout- 
tei 

Thunbergii 
Spiraea 

pninifolia 
Myosotis 

dissitifiora 
alba 
Prunus 

cerasifera 
Pissardi 
Phlox 

divaricata 
alba 
Camassia 

alba 
Iris pumila 

alba 
Iberis 



Armeria 

maritima 
alba 
Lunaria 

biennis 

alba 

Polemoni- 

ums 
Stellaria 

Holostea 



Cherries. 

Japanese 
Comus 

florida 



Viola 

tricolor 
Aubrietia, 

many vars. 
Phlox 

subulata 

G. F. Wilson 
Aquilegia 

vulgaris 
Phlox 

divaricata 
Camassia 

esculenta 
Iris 

pumila 
Iris 

olbiensis 



MAY 1ST 

Narcissus, 

many vars. 
Tulips, 

early Dutch 
Corydalis 

cheilanthi- 
folia 
Forsythia 
Fritillaria 

Imperial is 
Primula 

Primula 

vulgaris 
Cheiranthus 

Cheiri, 
many vars. 
Ribes 

odoratum 
(aureum) 
Alyssum 

saxatile 
Alyssum 

montanum 
Aquilegia 

hybrids 
Doronicums, 

in var. 
Iris 

Chamaeiris 
Erysimum 

rupestre 
Trollius, 

in var. 
Kerria 

japonica 



Muscari 

botryoides 
Myosotis 

sylvatica 
Myosotis, 

invar. 
Polemonium 

coeruleum 
Polemonium 

reptans 
Anchusa 

myosotidi- 
fiora 
Scilla 

festalis 



Prunus 

japonica 
Prunus 

triloba 
Persica 

vulgaris 
Tulips. 

early Dutch 
Dicentra 

spectabilis 
Armeria 

cephalotes 
Armeria 

maritima 
Daphne 



Cherries, 
Japanese 



Phlox 

subulata 
Aubrietia 
Primula 

polyanthus 
Cersis 

canadensis 
Lunaria 

biennis 



Cydonia 

japonica 
Aquilegia 

canadensis 
Primula 

polyanthus 
Cheiranthus 

Cheiri, 
many vars. 



Narcissus 
poeticus 

Fritillaria 
alba 

Spiraeas, in 
var. 

Arabis 
alpina 

Phlox 
subulata 
Neisoni 



Aubrietia, 

many vars. 
Phlox 

subulata 

G. F. Wilson 
Aquilegia 

vulgaris 
Phlox 

divaricata 



Ribes 

odoratum 
(aureum) 
Alyssum 

saxatile 



381 



Myosotis, 

Polemonium 
coeruleum, 

in var. 
Polemonium 
reptans 
Anchusa 
myosotidi- 
flora 



Dicentra 


Aubrietia 


spectabilis 


Phlox 


Armeria, 


subulata 


in var. 


Cercis 


Daphne 


canadensis 


Cneorum 


Lunaria 


Cherries, 


biennis 


Japanese 


Iris 


Aquilegia 


lurida 


Hybrids 





COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



RED AND I WHITE AND IlAVENDER ANdI YELLOW AND IdaRKBLUE ANd] PINK AND MAGENTA ANO 
SCARLET CREAM PURPLE ORANGE | LIGHT BLUE ROSE CRIMSON 



MAY 8th — Continued 



Tulips, Cot- 
tage and 
Darwins 
Geum 

Heldreichii 



Myosotis, 

in var. 
Phlox 

divaricata 
Caraassia 
Iberis 
semper- 
virens 
Armeria 
Lunaria 

biennis 
Polemon- 

iums 
Stellaria 

Holostea 
Corydalis 

nobilis 
Cherries, 

Japanese 
Comus 

florida 
AquilcKJa 

vulgaris 
nivea 
grandi- 
flora 
Iris pumila 
Tulips. Cot- 
tage vars. 
Papaver 

nudtcaule 
alba 
Cerastium 

tomento- 

Linum per- 
enne album 

Viola cor- 
nuta alba 

Hyacinthus 
orientalis, 
many vars. 



Camassia 
esculenta 
Iris pumila. 
Chamieiris, 
olbiensis. 
crista ta 
Tulips. Dar- 
win vars. 
Viola comuta 
Hyacinthus 
orientalis, 
many vars. 



Iris 

Chamieiris 

lutescens 

Erysimum 

rupestre 
TroUius, 

in var. 
Kerria 

japonica 
Viola lutea 
Geum 

montanura 



Papaver 

rupifragum 
Tulips. 
Cottage vars, 
Corydalis 

lutea 



Scilla 

fes talis 
Scilla 

hispanica 
Aquilegia 

coerulea 
Lithosper- 

mum 

prostratum 
Linura 

perenne 
Linum 

narbonnense 
Houstonia 

coerulea 
Mertensia 

virginica 



Tulips, Dar- 
win and Cot- 
tage vars. 

Pyrus 
spectabilis 

Pyrus 
floribunda 

Papaver 
nudicaule 

Hyacinthus 
orientalis. 
many vars. 

Rhododen- 
dron nudi- 
flonmi 

Aethionemas 



Papaver 

nudicaule 
Primula 

polyanthus 
Cheiranthus 

Cheiri 
Tulips, Cot- 

t a ge and 
Darwins 
Geum 

Heldreichii 
Dianthus 

Napoleon III 



Narcissus 

poeticus 
Spiraeas, 
in var. 

Arabis 

alpina 
Phlox 

subulata 

Nelsoni 

Myosotis, 

Phlox 
divaricata 

Camassia 
Iberis sem- 
pervirens 



Viola 

tricolor 
Aubrietia, 

in var. 
Phlox 

divaricata 
Camassia 

esculenta 
Iris pumila 

and I. olbi- 
ensis 
Tulips, 

Darwin vars. 
Iris criscata 



MAY I 6th 

Primulas, 

in var. 
Cheiranthus 

Cheiri 
Ribes 

odoratum 

(aureum) 
Alyssum 

saxatile 
Alyssum 

montanum 
Alyssum 

rostratum 



382 



Myosotis. 


Dicentra 


Aubrietia 


in var. 


spectabilis 




Polemonium, 


Dicentra 


canadensis 


in var. 


eximia 


Lunaria 


Anchusa 


Apples, 




myosotidi- 
flora 


orchard 


Iris 


Papaver 


lurida 


Scilla 
hispanica 


nudicaule 
Dianthus 


Lychnis 
alpina 


Aquilegia 
coerulea 


neglectus 
Dianthus, 


Lychnis 
viscaria 


Aquilegia 


Mule vare. 




Stuarti 


Dicentra 


officinalis 


Lithospermum 


spectabilis 


rubra 


prostratum 


Dicentra 


Paeonia 




eximia 


Moutan 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



RED AND 


WHITE AND 


LAVENDER AND 


1 YELLOW AND 


iDARKBLireANDl PINK AND 


Imagenta and 


SCARLET 


CREAM 


PURPLE 


{ ORANGE 


1 LIGHT BLUE 


1 ROSE 


1 CRIMSON 






MAY i6th — Continued 








Lunaria bi- 


Hyacinthus 


Erysimum 


Linum 


Armerias, 


Azalea 




ennis alba 


orientalis. 


rupestre 


perenne 


in var. 


amoena 




Polemonium 


many vars. 


TrolUus, 


Linum nar- 


Daphne 


Salvia 




Stellaria 


Viola 


in var. 


bonnense 


Cneorum 


pratensis 




Holostea 


comuta. 


Kerria 


Houstonia 


Aquilegia 


rosea 




Aquilegia, 


many vars. 


japonica 


coerulea 


hybrids 






vulgaris 


Iris 
benacensis 


Viola lutea 


Veronica 


Tulips, Dar- 






nivea 
grandi- 
- flora 
Iris puraila 
alba 
Tulips. 
Cottage 




Iris 


prostrata 


win and Cot 






Iris 

germanica, 
many vars. 
Iris 

Cengialti 
Aster alpinus 
Lilacs, 

many vars. 
Nepeta 
Mussioi 


lutescens 
Iris.interme- 
diate vars. 


Veronica 

repens 
Veronica 


tage vars. 
Pyrus 
spectabilis 






Geum 

montanum 
Papaver 


gentianoides 
Salvia 
pratensis 


Pyrus 
floribunda 
Weigelas 






Papaver 
nudicaule 


nudicaule 
Papaver 


Globularia 
trichosantha 


Saponaria 
ocymoides 






alba 


alpinum 


Tradescantia 








Cerastium 




Papaver 


virginica 








tomento- 




rupifragimi 


Mertensia 








sum 




Tulips, Cot- 


virginica 








Linum pe- 




tage vars. 










renne 
album 




Corydalis 
lutea 










Viola cor- 
nuta alba 




Laburnum 
vulgare 










Hyacinthus 
orientalis. 




Achillea 
tomentosa 










manyvars. 














Convallaria 
majalis 




Euphorbia 
epithymo- 
ides (poly- 










Apples. 




chroma) 










orchard 




Doronicums, 










Crataegus 














oxyacantha 














Asperula 














odorata 














Iris albicans 














Iris, inter- 














mediate 














vars. 














Weigela 














Candida 














Lilacs. 














many vars. 














Lychnis 














alpina alba 














Lychnis 
Viscaria 


























alba 




MAY 24TH 








Papaver 
nudicaule 


Narcissus 
poeticus 


Viola 
tricolor 


Aquilegia 
chrysantha 


Myosotis. 
invar. 


Diccntra 
eximia 


Aubrietia 
Lunaria 
biennis 


Primula 


Arabis 


Aubrietia 


TroUius, 


Scilla 


Papaver 
nudicaule 


polyanthus 


alpina 


Tulips. 


in var. 


hispanica 


Lychnis 
alpina 


Cheiranthus 


Myosotis, 


Darwin vars. 


Viola lutea 


Lithosper- 




Cheiri 
Tulips, Cot- 


Phlox 


Hyacinthus 
orientalis 


Iris 
lutescens: 


mum pros- 
tratum 


neglectus; 
Mule vars.; 


Lychnis 
Viscaria 


tage and 


divaricata 


Viola 


intermedi- 


Linum 


arenarius: 


Paeonia 
officinalis 
rubra 
Paeonia 


Darwins 
Geum 
Heldreichu 


alba 
Iberis 
sempervi- 


comuta 
Iris 
benacensis; 


ate; pseu- 
dacorus; 

"German" 
and Span- 


perenne; 
narbon- 
nense 
Veronica 


sylvestris; 
petraeus; 
plumarius; 
caesius; 




rens 


Cengialti; 


ish vars. 


prostrata 


PrichardU 


Moutan 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



RED AND I WHITE AND IlAVENDER ANdI YELLOW AND IdARK BLUE ANDI 
SCARLET I CREAM | PURPLE | ORANGE LIGHT BLUE 



MAY 24'rH-<:ontinued 



Dianthus 

Napoleon III 
Heuchera 

Pluie de Feu 
Papaver 

orientale 
Geum 

coccineum 



Polemoni- 

Stellaria 

Holostea 
Aquilegias 
Tulips, 

Cottage 

vars. 

Papaver 

nudicaule 
Cerastium 

tomento- 

Linum 
perenne 
album 
Viola 
comuta 
alba 
Hyacinthus 
orientalis, 
many vars. 
Convallaria 

majalis 
Crataegus 

oxyacantha 
Asperula 
odorata 
Iris. 

albicans;: 
termediate; 
florentina; 
Innocence 
"Weigela 
Candida 
Lilacs, 

many vars. 
Lychnis al- 
pina alba 
Lychnis 
viscaria 
alba 
Lupines 
Tradescan- 
tia virgin- 
ica alba 
Heuchera 
Virginale 
Salvia 
pratensis 
alba 
Silene 
maritima 
Iris 
siberica 

alba: 
tectorum 
alba 
Arenaria 
montana ; 
balearica 
Centaurea 
montana 
alba 



I Iris 

tectorum; 

BUiotti: 

germanica 

vare. 
pallida; 
sibirica 
Aster 

alpinus 
Lilacs 
Nepeta 
Mussini 
Campanula 
glomerata 
Lupines. 

many vars. 
Hesperis 
matronal is 
violacea 
Iris 
versicolor; 
graminea; 
Blue King; 
Xiphium; 
sambucina 



Geum 

montanum 
Papaver 

nudicaule; 

alpinum; 

rupifragum; 

orientale 
Tulips, 

Cottage 

Corydalis 

lutea 
Acliillea 

tomentosa 
Euphorbia 

polychroma 
Laburnum 

vulgare 
AJyssum 

saxatile 
Alyssum 

rostra turn 
Hemerocallis 

flava; 

graminea 



Veronica 

repens; 

gentianoides 
Salvia 

pratensis 
Globularia 
Tradescantia 

virginica 
Lupines 
Centaurea 

montana 
Baptisia 

austral is 
Anchusa 



Armerias 
Daphne 
Cneorum 
Aquilegia 
hybrids 
Tulips, 
Cottage and 
Darwins 
Pyrus 

floribunda 
Pyrus 

ioensis 
Sapwnaria 
ocymoides 
Lupines 
Heucheras, 
many vars. 
Paeonia, 
single vars. 
Papaver 
orientale, 
many vars. 
Chrysanthe- 
mum cocci- 
neum 
Crucianella 
stylosa 



Azalea 

amoena 
Salvia 

pratensis 
rosea 
Silene 

asterias 
Centaurea 

dealbata 
Chrysanthe- 
mum cocci- 
neum 
Dictamnus 

al bus ruber 
Lychnis 

dioica 



384 



.ki 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



MAY 24TH — Continued 



Hesperis 
matronalis 
alba 
Philadel- 
phus coro 
naria 
Paeonia 
officinalis 
alba 
Paeonia 
albi flora 
The Bride 
Campanula 
glomerata 
alba 
Omithoga- 
lum arabi- 
cum 
Deutzias, 

Dianthus 
arenarius 
Papaver 
orientaJe 
Perry's 
White 
Chrysanthe-' 
mum cocci- 
neum 
Cerasus 
avium 
flore pleno 
Viburnum 
Opulus 



Papaver 


Iberis 


Viola 


Dudicaule 


sempervi- 


tricolor 


Geum 


rens 


Aubrietia 


Heldreichi; 


Slellaria 


Viola 


coccineum 


Holostea 


comuta 


Dianthus 


Aquilegias 


Iris 


Napoleon III 


Papaver 


benacensis 


Heuchera 


nudicaule 


Biliotti; 


Pluie de Feu 


Cerastium 


sambucina 


Papaver 


tomento- 


Cengialti; 


orientale 
China Rose 


Linum 


pallida: 
German 


Leuchtfeuer 


perenne 




Dianthus 


album 


Spanish; 


atrorubens 


Viola 


English: 




comuta 


Blue King; 




alba 


versicolor: 




Asperula 
odorata 


graminea 
Aster 
alpinus 




Iris 
albicans: 


Nepeta 
Mussini 




florentina; 


Lilacs 




German 






Lupines 




tectorum 


Campanula 




alba; 


glomerata 




sibirica 


Hesperis 




alba; 
SnowQueen; 


matronalis 
violacea 



JUNE 1ST 

Aquilegia 
chrysantha 

TroUius, 
in var. 

Viola lutea 

Iris 
Pseudaco- 

German 
vars.; 

Spanish 
Papaver 

nudicaule; 

rupifragum; 

alpinum; 

orientale; 
Corydalis 

lutea 
Achillea 

tomentosa 
Achillea 

sericea 
Euphorbia 

poly chroma 
Laburnum 

vulgare 
Alyssum 

saxatile 

385 



Lithosper- 

mum pros- 
tratum 
Linum 

perenne 
Linum nar- 

bonnense 
Veronica 

pros t rata ; 

refjens; 

gentianoides 
Salvia 

pratensis 
Tradescantia 

virginica 
Lupines 
Centaurea 

montana 
Baptisia 

australis 



Dianthus 

neglectus; 

Mule vars.; 

sylvestris; 

petraeus; 

plumarius; 

caesius; 

Prichardii; 

deltoides; 

graniticus 
Armerias 

Daphne 

Cneorura 
Pyrus 

ioensis 
Saponaria 

ocymoides 
Lupines 
Heucheras 
Paeonia, 

many vars. 
Papaver 

orientale. 
Pink vars. 



Aubrietia 

Lu naria 



Salvia 

pratensis 
rosea 
Silene 

Asterias 
Centaurea 
dealbata 
Chrysanthe- 
,um cocci- 



Digitalis 
purpurea 

Achillea 
Millefolium 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



RED AND I WHITE AND I LAVENDER ANdI YELLOW AND I DARK BLUE ANDI PINK AND I MAGENTA AND 
SCARLET I CREAM | PURPLE | ORANGE \ LIGHT BLUE | ROSE | CRIMSON 



JUNE 1ST — Continued 



Iris 


Thalictrum 


Alyssum 


Spanish; 


aquilegifo- 


rostratum 


English 


lium 


Hemerocallis 


Weigela 


Dodecatheon 


Hava: 


Candida 


Meadia 


graminea; 


Lilacs 




Dumortieri; 
Middendor- 


Lychnis 




fii; 


Viscaria 




Gold Dust; 


alba 




Florham; 


Lupines 




Apricot 


Tradescan- 




Helianthe- 


tia virgi- 




mum vul- 


nica alba 




gare 


Heuchera 




Cytisus 


virginale 




scoparius 


Salvia pra- 






tensis alba 




Orobus 


Silene 




auranticus 


maritima 




aurea 


Arenaria 




Linum 


montana; 




flavum 


baiearica 




Baptisia 


Centaurea 




tinctoria 


montana 






alba 






Hesperis 






matronalis 






alba 






Philadelphus 






Campanula 






glomerata 






alba 






peutzias. 






Dianthus 






arenarius; 






deltoides 






alba; 






Mrs.Sinkins 






Paeonia. 






many vars. 






Dianthus 






Her Maj- 






esty; 






plumarius 






Papaver 






orientale 






Perry's 






White 






Chrysanthe- 






mum cocci- 






neum 






Viburnum 






Opulus 






Thalictrum 






polyganum 






Gypsophila 






repens 






Valeriana 






officinalis 






Digitalis 






purpurea 






alba 






Dictamnus 






albus 







Chrysanthe- 
mum cocci- 
neum 
Crucianella 



Helianthe- 
mum vul- 
gare, pink 
and rose 



386 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



RED AND 


WHITE AND 


LAVENDER AND 


YELLOW AND 


Idark blue and 


PINK AND 


1 MAGENTA AND 


SCARLET 


CREAM 


PURPLE 


URANGE 


1 LIGHT BLUE 


ROSE 


1 CRIMSON 






JUNE 1ST — Continued 








Helianthe- 














gare album 














Achillea 














ptarmica fl. 
pl- 
Asperula 


























hexaphylla 














Dodecatheon 














Meadia 














alba 














Tiarella 














cordifolia 




JUNE 8th 








Papaver 


Linum 


Viola 


Aquilegia 


Linum 


Dicentra 


Aubrietia 


nudicaule 


perenne 


tricolor 


chrysantha 


perenne 


eximia 


Lychnis 
Viscaria 


Papaver 


album 


Viola 


Viola lutea 


Linum 


Papaver 


onentale 


Viola 


comuta 


Iris 


nar bonne nse 


nudicaule 


Salvia 


Geum 


comuta 
alba 


Iris 


pseud a- 


Veronica 


Papaver 


pratensis 


Heldreichii; 




German 


corus; 


prostrata 


orientale. 




coccineum 


German 


sibirica 

Blue King; 
Spanish: 
English; 
versicolor 
Aster 
alpinus 


German 


Veronica 


pink vars. 


Silene 


Dianthus 

Napoleon HI 
Dianthus 


tectorum 
album: 


vars. ; 
Spanish 
Papaver 


repens 
Veronica 


Dianthus 
neglectus; 
Mule vars. 


Asterias 
Centaurea 
dealbata 


atrorubens 
Heuchera 
Pluie de Feu 


sibirica; 
Snow Queen 

Lychnis 


nudicaule 
Papaver 
rupifra^m; 
orientale 


Salvia 

pratensis 
Tradescantia 


Prichardii; 
deltoides; 
sylvestris; 


Chrysan- 
themum 
coccineum" 


Sweet William 


alba 


Nepeta 


Corydalis 

lutea 
Achillea 


virginica 


plumarius; 


Dictamnus 


Scarlet 
Beauty: 
Dark Red 


Lupines 
Tradescan- 


Mussini 
Lupines 


Lupines 
Centaurea 


graniticus 


albus ruber 
Lychnis 
dioica 


Gaillardia 


tiavirginica 


Hesperis 




montana 


Saponaria 


grandiflora 
Lychnis 
chalcedo- 


alba 


matronalis 


Alyssum 
rostratum 

Hemerocallis 
flava; 


Baptisia 


ocymoides 


Digitalis 


Heuchera 
virginale 
Salvia 


violacea 
Thalictrum 
aquilegifol- 


austral is 
Anchusa 
italica 


Lupines 

Heucheras 

Paeonia, 


purpurea 

Achillea 
Millefolium 


fulgens; 


pratensis 
alba 


iura 


Dumortieri; 


Campanula 


many vars. 


Sweet 


Haageana 


Campanula 


Midden- 


persicifolia 


Chrysanthe- 
mum cocci- 


Williams 


Lilium 


Silene 


glomerata 


dorfii; 


Delphinium 


Lychnis 


tenuifolium 


alpestris 


Geranium 


Gold Dust; 


grand i- 


neum 


Coronaria 




Arenaria 
montana 


ibericum 
Pentstemon 


Florham; 
Apricot 


florum; 
cashmeri- 


Crucianella 
stylosa 






Centaurea 
montana 


diffusus; 
grandiflorus 


Helianthe- 
mum vulgare 


anum 


Helianthe- 






alba 


Phlox 


Cytisus 




vulgare. 






Hesperis 


Arendsi 


scoparius 




pink and 






matronalis 




Orobus 




rose vars. 






alba 




auranticus 




Sweet Wil- 






Campanula 




aureus 










glomerata 




Linum flavum 




Newport 
Pink; 






alba 




Baptisia 

tinctoria 








Campanula 






Pink 
Beauty 






persicifolia 




Laburnum 








alba 
Dianthus 

Mrs. Sin-' 




vulgare 
Asphodel ine 
lutea 




Tunica 

saiifraga 






kins; 




Gaillardias 










Her Maj- 




Digitalis 










esty: 




ambigua; 










deltoides 




orientalis 










alba: 




Linaria 










plumarius; 
fimbriatus 




dalraatica 









387 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



Papaver 

orientale 
Perry's 
White 
Chrysan- 
themum 
coccmeum 
Thalictrum 

polygamum 
Gypsophila 

repens 
Valeriana 
officinalis 
Digitalis 
purpurea 
alba 
Dictamnus 

albus 
Helianthe- 
mum V u I - 
gare alba 
Achillea 
ptarmica 
fl. pi. 
Asperula 
hexaphylla 
Lychnis 
chalcedon- 
ica alba 
Pentstemon 
laevigatus; 
Digitalis 
Sweet Wil- 
liam, White 
Aruncus 

Sylvester 
Geranium 
sanguineum 

album 
Paeon- a. 

many vars. 
Lychnis 
Coronaria 
alba 



Papaver 

nudicaule; 

orientale 
Geum 

Heldreichii; 

coccineum 
Dianthus | 

Napoleon III 
Heuchera 

Pluie de Feu 
Sweet William 

Scarlet 
Beauty; 

Dark Red 
Gaillardia I 



JUNE 8th — Continued 



Linum pe- 
album 

Viola 
comuta 
alba 



Snow Queen; 
ochroleuca; 
Spanish 

Lychnis 
Viscaria 
alba 



Aster 

alpinus 
Nepeta 

Mussini 

Lupines 
Hesperis 

matronalis 

violacea 

Thalictnmi 

aquilegifol- 

Campanula 
glomerata; 
lati folia; 
macrantba 



JUNE i6th 

Aquilegia 

chrysantha 
Viola lutea 
Iris Pseuda- 

corus; 

German vars. : 

Spanish; 

Monnieri; 
a urea 
Papaver 

nudicaule; 

orientale: 

rupifragum 

Corydalis 
lutea 



narbonnense 
Veronica 

prostrata; 

incana 
Salvia 

pratensis 
Tradescantia 

virginica 

Lupines 

Centaurea 
montana 



Dicentra 

eximia 
Dianthus 

Mule vars. ; 

deltoides; 

plumarius; 

graniticus; 

caesius 
Armerias 
SapKinaria 

ocymoides 
Lupines 
Heucheras 
Chrysan- 
themum 
coccineum 



Aubrietia 
Salvia 
pratensis 



Pyrethrum 

coccineum 
Digitalis 

purpurea 
Lychnis 

dioica 
Dictamnus 

albus ruber 



388 



1^. 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



RED AND 


1 WHITE AND 


[lavender and| "yellow and 


IdarkbllieandI pink and 


magenta and 


SCARLET 


1 CREAM 


1 PURPLE 


1 ORANGE 


1 LIGHT BLUE 


1 ROSE 


CRIMSON 






JUNE i6m— Continued 






Lychnis 


Lupines 


Geranium 


Achillea 


Baptisia 


Crucianella 


Achillea 


chalcedon- 


Tradescantia 


ibencum 


sericea 


australis 


stylosa 


MillefoUum 


Haageana; 
fulgens 
Lilium 
tenuifolium; 
elegans; 
fulgens ; 


virginica 


Pentstemon 


Alyssum 


Anchusa 


Helianthe- 


Sweet 


alba 
Salvia 
pratensis 


granditiorus 

diffusus; 

ovatus 


rostratum 
Hemerocallis 
flava; 


italica var. 
Campanula 
persicifolia; 


mum vul- 
gare, pink 
and rose 


WiUiam 
Lychnis 

coronaria 


alba 


Viola cor- 


Dumortieri; 


carpatica; 


vars. 


Centranthus 
ruber 


Heuchera 


nuta 


Middendor- 


rot undi folia 


Sweet William 


grandiflor- 


Virginale 
Silene 

alpestris 
Arenaria 


Iris 

German 


fii; 
Gold Dust; 


Delphinium 
grandi- 
fiorum; 


Newport 

Pink; 


Epilobium 


um 




Florham; 


Pink Beauty 


angustifol- 




Spanish; 


Apricot; 


belladonna; 


Tunica 


ium 




Biue King; 


Queen o f 


cashmiri- 


saxifraga 


Geranium 




montana 
Centaurea 
montana 


Japanese 
Campanula 
Medium. 


May; 
Sovereign 
Helianthe- 


Iris monspur 


Campanula 
Medium 


sangmneum 
Phlox 
Arendsii 




alba 


purple and 


mum V u I - 










Hesperis 


lavender 


gare 










matronalis 


vars. 


Cytisus 










alba 


Phlox 


scoparius 










Campanula 


Arendsii 


Orobus 










persicifolia 




auranticus 










alba; 














carpatica 

alba; 
latifolia 




Linura 

flavum 










florealbo; 




Baptisia 










medium 




tinctoria 










alba 




Asphodelus 










Dianthus 




luteus 










arenarius; 




Gaillardia 










plumarius; 
Her Maj- 
esty; Mrs. 
Si nk ins; 




Digitalis 
ambigua; 
orientale 










deltoides; 




Linaria 










fimbriatus 




dalmatica 










Chrysan- 




Coreopsis 










themum 




grand iflora 










coccmeum 




Sedum kamt- 










Thalictrum 




schaticum 










polygamum 




Lilium e I e - 










Gypsophila 




gans vars. 










repens 




aureum. 










Valeriana 
officinalis 

Digitalis 
purpurea 
alba 




citrinium, 
and Prince 
of Orange 
Scabiosa 
ochroleuca 










Helianthe- 




Thermopsis 










mum 




caroiiniana 










vulgare 




Cephalaria 










Achillea 




alpina 










ptarmica 














fl. pi. 














Asperula 














hexaphylla 














Lychnis 














chalcedon- 














icaalba 














Pentstemon 














digitalis 














Sweet Wil- 














liam, White 














Anmcus 














Sylvester 













COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



RED AND WHITE AND IlAVENDER ANdI YELLOW AND IdARK BLUE AND PINK AND I MAGENTA AND 

SCARLET CREAM PURPLE ORANGE LIGHT BLUE ROSE CRIMSON 



JUNE I 6th — Continued 



Filipendula 
hexapetala 
fl. pi. 
Astilbe 
japonica 
Geranium 
sanguineum 

album 
Lychnis 
coronEiria 
alba 
Scabiosa 
caucasica 
alba 
Clematis 

recta 
Saxifraga 
umbrosa 
Delphinium 
cashmiri- 
anum al- 
bum 
Centranthus 
ruber albus 



Geum 

coccineum 
Dianthus 

Napoleon III 
Heuchera 

Pluie de Feu 
Sweet William 

Scarlet 
Beauty; 

Dark Red 
Gaillardia 



Lychnis 

fulgens 
Lychnis 

Haageana 
Lilium 

tenui folium 
Lilium 

fmgens and 
grandifio- 
rum 
Potentillas, 
many vars. 
Clematis 
coccinea 
Pentstemon 
barbatus 



Linum pe- 
renne 
album 
Viola c o r - 
nuta alba 
Iris 

ochroleuca. 
Spanish. 
Japanese 
Lychnis 
Viscaria 
alba 
Lupines 
Tradescan- 
tia virginica 

alba 
Heuchera 
Virginale 
Salvia 
pratensis 
alba 
Silene 

alpestris 
Centaurea 
montana 
alba 
Campanula 
persicifolia 
alba 
Campanula 
carpal ica 
alba 
Campanula 
latifolia 
flore albo 
Campanula 
Medium 
album 



Nepeta 

Mussini 
Lupines 
Hesperis 

matronalis 

violacea 

Campanula 

glomerata 
Campanula 

latifolia 
macranlha 
Geranium 

ibericum 
Pentstemon 

dififusus 
Pentstemon 

oval us 
Veronica 

amethystina 
Viola 

comuta 
Iris, 



Campanula 

Medium 
Phlox 

Arendsii 
Erigeron 

speciosus 
Stachys 

lanata 
Scabiosa 

japonica 
Lavendula 
Salvia 

Sclarea 



JUNE 24TH 

Aquilegia 

chrysantha 
Viola lutea 
Iris 

Monnieri 
aurea 
Papaver 

nudicaule 
Papaver 

rupifragim:! 
Corydalis 

lutea 
Achillea 

sericea 
Alsrssum 

rostratum 
Hemerocallis 

Dumortieri, 

Middendor- 
fii. 

Gold Dust. 

Florham, 

Apricot, 

Queen ol 
May. 

Sovereign 
Hel 



gare 
Cytisus 

scoparius 
Linum 

flavum 
Baptisia 

tinctoria 
Asphodel us 

luteus 
Gaillardia 

390 



Linum 

perenne 
Linum 

narbonnense 
Veronica 

incana 
Veronica 

spicata 
Salvia 

pratensis 
Tradescantia 

virginica 
Lupines 
Centaurea 

montana 
Anchusa 

italica in var. 
Campanula 

pereici folia 
Campanula 

carpatica 

Campanula 

rotund i folia 
Campanula 

pusilla 
Delphinium 

grand iflorum 
Delphinium 

belladonna 
Delphinium 



Dicentra 


Salvia 


eximia 


pratensis 


Dianthus. 


Centaurea 


Mule vars. 


dealbata 


Dianthus 


Chrysanthe- 


deltoides 


mum coc- 


Armerias 


cineum 




Digitalis 


Saponaria 


purpurea 


ocymoides 


Lychnis 


Saponaria 
officinalis 


dioica 


Sidalcea 


fl.pl. 


malvaeflora 


Heucheras 


Lychnis 


Chrysanthe- 


coronaria 


mum c c - 


Centranthus 


cineum 


ruber 


Sweet William, 


Epilobium 


Newport 


angusti fol- 


Pink. 


ium 


Pink Beauty 


Geranium 


Helianthe- 


sanguineum 


mum. pink 


Phlox 


and rose 


Arendsii 


vars. 


Lythrum 


Tunica 


Salicaria 


saxifraga 


Phlox 


Roses, 


suffruticosa. 


Chmbing 


many vars. 


Campanula 


Erodium 


Medium 


Manescavi 


PotentUla 


Lychnis 
Flos-cuculi 


nepalensis 


Phlox 


Veronica 


Enchantress, 


spicata 


Net tie Stuart 


rosea 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



RED AND I WHITE AND IlAVENDER ANdI YELLOW AND IdaRKBLUE ANdI PINK AND I MAGENTA AND 
SCARLET I CREAM PURPLE | ORANGE | LIGHT BLUE | ROSE CRIMSON 



Campanula 

rotundi- 
folia alba 
Campanula 

pusiUa alba 
Di an thus 

plumarius, 

deltoides, 

fimbriatuj 

Mrs. Sin 
kins 
Chrysanthi 

mum 
coccineum 
Gypsophila 

repens 
Valeriana 

officinalis 
Digitalis 

purpurea 

alba 

Asperula 

hexaphylla 
Lychnis 
chalcedon- 

ica alba 
Pentstemon 

laevigatus 

Digitalis 
Sweet WU- 
liam. 

White 
Aruncus 

Sylvester 
Filipendula 

hexapetala 
fl.p]. 
Astilbe 

japonica 
Geranium 
sanguineum 

album 
Lychnis 

corona ria 
alba 

Scabiosa 

caucasica 
alba 
Clematis 
recta 



Delphinium 

grandi- 

florum 

album 

Delphinium 

cashmiri- 

anumalba 

Centranthus 

ruber alba 
Anthemis 
tinctoria 
alba 



JUNE 24TH — Continued 

Digitalis 

ambigua 
Digitalis 

orientale 
Linaria 

dalmatica 



grand i flora 
Sedum kamt- 

schaticum 
Lilium ele- 

gans, vars. 
aureum, 
citrinum. 
Prince of 
Orange 
Scabiosa 

ochroleuca 
Thermopsis 

caroliniana 
Cephalaria 

alpina 
Potentillas, 

many vars. 
Oenothera 

fruticosa 
Verbascum 

phloimoides 
Aconitum 

pyrenaicum 
Lilium 

croceum, 

Hansoni 
Helenium 

Hoopesii 
Sedum acre 

Anthemis 

tinctoria 
Thalictrum 

glaucum 



Coronilla 
varia 
Robinia 

hispida 
Calystegia 

pubescens 
Sidalcea 

Lysteri 



Spiraea 

Peach 
Blossom 
Spiraea 

palmata 



391 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



Veronica 
spicata 
alba 

Iris, Japa- 
nese 

Phlox 
Arendsii 

Lilium 
candidum 

Sidalcea 
Candida 



JUNE 24TH — Continued 



JULY 1ST 



Geum 

coccineum 
Dianthus 

Napoleon HI 
Heuchera 

Pluie de Feu 
Gaillardia 



Lilium 

tenui folium 
Lilium 
elegans.vars. 
fuJgens and 
grandi- 
florum 
Potentilla. 

many vars. 
Clematis 
coccinea 
Pentstemon 

barbatus 
Lilium 
canadense 



Linum p e - 
renne a 1- 
bum 
Viola cor- 
nuta alba 
Iris 
ochroleuca 
Japanese 
Lupines 
Tradescan- 
tia V i r - 
ginica alba 
Heuchera 
Salvia 
pratensis 
alba 
Silene 

alpestris 
Centaurea 
montana 
alba 
Campanula 
persicifolia 
alba 
Campanula 
carpatica 
alba 
Campanula 
Medium 
album 
Campanula 
lati folia 
flore albo 
Campanula 
rotund 1 folia 
alba 
Campanula 
pusilla alba 
Dianthus 
deltoides 
Dianthus 
Mrs. Sin- 
kins 
Gypsophila 

repens 
Lychnis chal- 
cedonica 



Nepeta 


Aquilegia 


Mussini 


chrysantha 


Lupines 


Iris aurea 


Campanula 


I ris Mon- 


latifolia 


nieri 


macrantha 


Papaver 


Geranium 


rupifragum 


ibericum 


Corydalis 


Pentstemon 


lutea 


diffusus 


Achillea 


Pentstemon 




ovatus 


Alyssum 


Veronica 


rostra turn 


amethystina 


Hemerocallis 


Vioia 


Queen f 


comuta 


May: 


Iris. Japa- 
nese 


Sovereign ; 
fulva; 


Campanula 
Medium 


aurantiaca; 
Thunbergii; 
luteola; 


Erigeron 


citrina; 


speciosus 


ochroleuca 


Stachys 


Helianthe- 


Lanata 


mumvul- 


Scabiosa 


gare 


japonica 


Cystisus 


Lavendula 


scoparius 


Salvia 


Linum 


Sciarea 


flavum 


Salvia 


Asphodelus 


turkestanica 


luteus 


ScUvia 


Gaillardia 


virgata 


Digitalis 


(nemorosa) 


ambigua 


Galega 


Linaria 


officinalis 


dalraatica 


Galega 


Coreopsis 


Hartlandi 


grandiflora 


PruneUa 


Lilium ele- 


grandiflora 


gans vars. 


Stokesia 


citrinum 


cyanea 
(S. laevis) 


Prince of 

Orange 


Prunella 


Scabiosa 


grandiflora 


ochroleuca 



Linum 
perenne 
Linum 

narbonnense 
Veronica 

incana 
Veronica 
spicata 
Salvia 

pratensis 
Tradescantia 

virgin ica 
Lupines 
Centaurea 
montana 
Anchusas 
Campanula 
persicifolia 
Campanula 

carpatica 
Campanula 

rotundi folia 
Campanula 

pusilla 
Delphinium 
grandif^orum 
Delphiniimi, 
all vars. 
Iris mon spur 
Aconitum 
tauricum 
Hyssopus 
officinalis 
Catananche 
coerulea 



Dicentra 


Salvia 


eximia 


pratensis 


Dianthus, 


rosea 


Mule vars. 


Centaurea 


Armerias 


dealbata 


Saponaria 


Sidalcea 


ocymoides 


malvaeflora 


Saponaria 


Lychnis 


officinalis 


coronaria 


fl. pi. 


Centranthus 


Heucheras 


ruber 


Tunica 


Epilobiura 


saxifraga 


a ngust I fol- 


Campanula 


ium 


Medium 


Geranium 


Potentilla 


sanguineura 


formosa 


Ly thrum 
Salicaria 


Phlox 


Nettie Stew- 


Phlox 


art and 


suffruticosa 


Enchant- 


Erodium 


ress 


Manescavi 


Coronilla 


Lychnis 
rios-cucuU 


varia 


Robinia 


Veronica 


hispida 


spicata 


Calystegia 


rosea 


pubescens 


Spiraea 


Sidalcea 


Peach Blos- 


Lysteri 


som 


Lathyrus 


Filipendula 


Pink Pearl 


purpurea 


Lilium 


Callirhoe 


Krameri 


involucrata 


Malva 




moschata 




Dianthus 




superbus 





392 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



WHITE AND (LAVENDER AND YELLOW AND DARKBLUEANdI PINK AND I MAGENTA AND 
CREAM 1 PURPLE ORANGE | LIGHT BLUE ROSE CRIMSON 



Anincus 
Sylvester 
Filipendula 
hexapetala 
fl. pi. 
Geranium 
sanguineum 
album 
Lychnis 
coronaria 

alba 
Scabiosa 
caucasica 
alba 
Clematis 
recta 



Delphinium 
grandiflo- 

nimalbum 
Delphinium 
cashmeri- 
anum al- 
bum 
Delphinium 
hybrids 
Centranthus 

ruber alba 
An the mis 
tinctoria 
alba 
Phlox 
Miss Lin- 
gard 
Veronica 
spicata alba 
Lilium 
candidum 
Sidalcea 
Candida 

Gillenia 

trifohata 
Filipendula 

Ulmaria 
Galega 

officinalis 
alba 
Lathyrus 

White 
Pearl 
Lilium 

Browni 
S e d u ra al- 

bimi 
Malva mos- 

chata alba 
Stokesia cy- 

aneaalba 



J ULY I ST — Continued 

Cephalaria 

alpina 
Potent ilia, 
many vars. 
Oenothera 
fruticosa 
Thermopsis 
carol in lana 
Verbascum 

phlomoides 
Verbascum 
densiflorum 
Aconitum 

pyrenaicum 
Lilium 

Hansoni 
Lilium 
canadense 
Helenium 
Hoopesii 
Sedum acre 
Anthemis 
tinctoria 
Thalictrum 
glaucum 
Oenothera 
missouriensis 
Cassia mari- 
landica 
Lilium Hum- 
boldt! 
Hieracium 
aurantiacum 
Hypericum 
Moserianum 
Genista 

tinctoria 
Achillea 
filipendulina 



393 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



Papaver 

nudicaule 
Geum 

coccineum 
Dianthus 

Napoleon III 
Heuchera 

Pluie de Feu 
Gaillardia 
Lychnis 

Haageana 
Potentilla. 

many vars. 
Clematis 

coccinea 
Pentstemon 

barbat us 
Lilium 

canadense 
Asclepias 

tuberosa 
Kniphofia 

Express 
Kniphofia 

Saundersii 
Kniphofia 

Torchlight 
Hollyhocks 



Linum pe- 
renne al- 
bum 
Viola cor- 
nuta alba 
Iris, Japa- 
nese 
Tradescan- 
tia virgin- 
ica alba 
Heuchera 
Salvia pra- 
tensis alba 
Silene 
alpestris 
Centaurea 
montana 
alba 
Campanula 
persicifolia 
alba 
Campanula 
carpatica 
alba 
Campanula 
Medium 
album 
Campanula 
latifolia 
flore albo 
Campanula 
rotundi folia 

alba 
Campanula 
pusUla alba 
Gypsophila 
repens 
Aruncus 
Sylvester 
Filipendula 
hexapetala 

fL pi. 
Filipendula 

Ulmaria 
Geranium 
panguin- 
eum album 
Lychnis 
Coronaria 
alba 
Scabiosa 
caucasica 
alba 

Clematis 
recta 



Delphinium 
grandi- 
florum 

album 

Delphinium, 
hybrid 
vazs. 



Viola tricolor 
Viola cor- 

nuta 

Nepeta 

Mussini 
Campanula 

latifolia 
macrantha 
Geranium 

ibericum 
Iris. 

Japanese 
Campanula 

Medium 
Erigeron 

speciosus 
Stachys 

lanata 
Scabiosa 

caucasica 
Scabiosa 

japonica 
Lavendula 
Salvia 

Sclarea 
Salvia 

turkestanica 
Salvia 

virgata 

(nemorosa) 
Galega 

officinalis 
Galega 

Hartlandii 
rVunella 

grandiflora 
Stokesia 

cyanea 
Hollyhocks 
Campanula 

turbinata 
Scutellaria 

baicalensis 
Funkia 

Sieboldiana 



JULY 8th 

Aquilegia 

chrysantha 

Papaver 

rupifragum 

Corydalis 

lutea 

Hemerocallis 

Queenof 

May. 

Sovereign, 

luteola, 

citrinum, 

aurantiaca, 

fulva, 

Thunbergii. 

ochroleuca 
Helianthe- 

mumvul- 
gare 
Cytisus 

scoparius 
Linum fia- 

vum 

Gaillardia 
Digitalis 

arabigua 
Linaria 

dalmatica 
CoreofKis 

grandiflora 
Scabiosa 

ochroleuca 
Potentilla. 

many vars. 
Oenothera 

fruticosa 
Thermopsis 

caroliniana 
Verbascum 

phlomoides 
Aconitum 

pyrenaicum 
Lilium 

Hansom 
Lilium 

Humboldti 
Lilium 

canadense 
Helenium 

Hoopesii 
Sedum acre 
Anthemis 

tinctoria 
Thalictrum 

glaucum 
Oenothera 

missourien- 

Cassia 

raarilandica 
Hieracium 

aurantiacum 
Genista 

tinctoria 

394 



Linum 

perenne 

Linum 

narbonnense 

Veronica 

incana 
Veronica 

spicata 
Salvia 

pratensis 
Tradescantia 

virginica 
Centaurea 

montana 
Anchusa 
Campanula 

persicifolia 
Campanula 

carpatica 
Campjanula 

rotundifoUa 
Campanula 

pusilla 
Delphinium 

grandi- 
florum 
Delphinium, 

all vars. 
Iris 

monspur 
Aconitum 

tauricum 
Hyssopus 

officmalis 
Catananche 

caerulea 
Platycodon 

grandiflorura 
Platycodon 

Mariesi 
Eryngium 

amethys- 

tinum 

Eryngium 

giganteum 
Eryngium 
iOhverianum 
Eryngium 

maritimum 
Eryngium 

planum 



Dicentra 

eximia 
Dianthus, 

Mule vars. 
Armeria 
Saponaria 

ocymoides 
Saponaria 

officinalis 
n. pi. 
Heucheras 
Tunica 

saxifraga 
Campanula 

Medium 
Potentilla 

formosa 
Phlox 

Nettie Stuart 
Phlox En- 
chantress 
Coronilla 

varia 
Robinia 

hispida 
Calystegia 



Sidalcea 

Lysteri 
Lathyrus 

latifolius 
Pink Pear! 
Lilium 

Krameri 
Malva 

moschata 
Dianthus 

superbus 
Hollyhocks 



Salvia 

pratensis 

rosea 

Centaurea 

dealbata 
Sidalcea 

malvae* 

flora 

Lychnis 

coronaria 

Cent ran thus 

ruber 
Epilobium 

angustifol- 

Geranium 

sanguineum 
Lythrum 

Salicana 
Phlox 

suffruticosa, 
many vars. 
Erodium 

Manescavi 
Lychnis 

Flos-cuculi 
Veronica 

spicata 

rosea 

Spiraea 

Peach 
Blossom 
Filipendula 

purpurea 
Callirhoe 

involucrata 
Physostegia 

virginica 
Lathyrus 

tuberosus 
Hollyhocks 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



WHITE AND LAVENDER ANDI YELLOW AND DARK BLUE AND PINK AND MAGENTA AND 
CREAM I PURPLE | ORANGE | LIGHT BLUE j ROSE | CRIMSON 



JULY SiH^-Conttnued 



Centranthua 

ruber alba 
Anthemis 

tinctoria 

alba 

Phlox Miss 

Lingard 
Veronica 

spicata alba 
Lihum 

candidum 
Sidalcea 

Candida 
Gillenia 

txifoliata 
Galega offi- 
cinalis alba 
Lathyrus 

latifolius 
White 
Pearl 
Lilium 

Browni 
Sedum 

album 
Malva mos- 

chata alba 
Stokesia 

cyanea alba 
Physostegia 

virginica 
alba 
Chrysanthe- 
mum Par- 
theneum 
album 
Bocconia 

cordata 
Campanula 

turbinata 
alba 
Clethra 

alni folia 
Platycodon 

grandi- 
florum al- 
bum 
Veronica 

virginica 
Cimicifuga 

racemosa 
Gypsophila 

paniculata 
Hollyhocks 
Verbascum 

Miss WUl- 
mott 



Hypericum 

Moserianum 
Achillea 

filipendulina 
Verbascum 

olympicum 
Hollyhocks 
Althaea 

ficifolia 



Papaver 
nudicaule 

Geura 
coccineum 



Linum 
perenne 
album 



Viola 
tricolor 
Viola 
comuta 



JULY i6th 

Aquilegia 
chrysantha 

Papaver 
ruiijfragiim 



396 



Linum 
perenne 

Linum nar 
bonnense 



Salvia pra- 
tensis rosea 

Centaurea 
dealbata 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



J U L Y I 6th — Continued 



Dianthus 
Napoleon III 

Heuchera 

Pluie de Feu 
Gaillardia 
Lychnis 

Haageana 
Potentilla. 

many vars. 
Clematis 



Pentstemon 
barbatus 

L ilium 
canadense 



Kniphofia 

Express 
Kniphofia 

Saundersii 

Kniphofia 
Torchlight 
Hollyhocks 

Montbretias, 
many vars. 



Viola cor- 

nuta alba 
Tradescan- 

tia virgin- 
ica alba 
Heuchera 
Salvia pra- 

tensis alba 
Centaurea 

montana 
alba 
Campanula 

carpalica 

alba 

Campanula 

rotund i- 
foUa alba 
Campanula 

pusilla alba 
Gypsophila 

repens 
Gypsophila 

paniculata 



sanguuieum 
album 
Lychnis 
coronaria 

alba 
Scabiosa 
caucasica 
alba 
Delphinium, 
grandi- 



Delphinium, 
hybrid vars. 

Anthemis 
tinctoria 
alba 
Phlox Miss 
Lingard 
Veronica 
spicata 
alba 

Veronica 
virginica 

Sidalcea 
Candida 



Lathynis 
latifolius 
White 
Pearl 



Malva mos- 
chata alba 

Stokesia 
cyanea alba 



Nepeta 

Mussini 
Geranium 

ibericum 

Erigeron 

speciosus 
Scabiosa 

caucasica 
Scabiosa 

japonica 
Salvia 

Sclarea 
Salvia 

turkestanica 
Salvia 

virgata 

(nemorosa) 
Galega 

officinalis 



Prunella 

grand i flora 
Stokesia 

cyanea 
Hollyhocks 
Campaniila 

turtjinata 
Campanula 

trachelium 
Scutellaria 

baicalensis 
Funkia 

Sieboldiana 

Funkia 
vahegata 



Corydalis 

lutea 
Hemerocallis 

luteola, 

citrinum. 

aurantiaca, 

fulva. 

Thunbergii, 

ochroleuca 
Linum 

flavum 
Gaillardia 
Digitalis 

ambigua 
Linaria 

dalmatica 
Coreopsis 

grand iflorum 
Scabiosa 

ochroleuca 
Potentilla. 

many vars. 
Oenothera 

fruticosa 
Oenothera 

missourien- 

Thermopsis 

caroUniana 
Verbascum 

phlomoides 
Verbascum 

olympicum 
Verbascum 

densiflorum 
Aconitum 

pyrenaicum 
Lilium 

Humboldti 
Lilium 

canadense 
Helenium 

Hoopesii 
Sedum acre 
Anthemis 

tinctoria 
Thalictrum 

glaucum 
Hieracium 

aurantiacum 
Genista 

tinctoria 
flore pleno 
Hypericum 

Moserianum 
Achillea ^ 

filipendulina 
Hollyhocks 

Althaea 

ficifolia 
Helenium 

pumilum 

396 



Centaurea 
montana 
Veronica 

spicata 
Salvia 

pratensis 
Tradescantia 

virginica 
Campanula 

carpatica 
Campanula 

rotundifolia 
Campanula 

pusilla 
Delphinium 

grandiflorum 
Delphinium, 

hybrid vars, 
Aconitum 

tauricum 
Aconitum 

Napellus 
Aconitum 

NapeUus 

bicolor 

Hyssopus 

officinahs 
Catananche 

caerulea 
Platycodon 

grandiflorum 
Platycodon 

Mariesi 
Eryngium 

amethystin' 

um 
Eryngium 

giganteum 
Eryngium 
Olivarianuna 
Eryngium 

man ti mum 
Eryngium 

planum 



Dianthus 


Sidalcea 


superbus 


malvae- 


Armerias 


flora 


Saponaria 


Lychnis 


officinalis 


coronana 


n. pi. 


Geranium 


Heucheras 


sangumeum 




Lythrum 


saxifraga 


Salicaria 


Potentilla 


Phlox suf- 


formosa 




Phlox 


Erodium 


Nettie Stew- 


Manescavi 


art and En- 


Lychnis 


chantress 


Flos-cuculi 


Coronilla 


Veronica 


vana 


spicata 


Calystegia 


rosea 


pubescens 


Spiraea 




Peach 


Lysteri 


Blossom 


Lathyrus 


Filipendula 


latifolius 




Pink Pearl 


Callirhoe 


Lilium 


involucrata 


Krameri 


Physostegia 




virgmica 


moschata 


Lathyrus 


HoUyhocks 


tuberosus 




HoUyhocks 




Echinacea 




purpurea 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



JULY i6th — Continued 



Phy59stegia 

virgin ica 
alba 
Chrysanthe- 
mum Par- 
thenium 
Chrysanthe- 
mum Leu- 
canthe- 
m u m , 
many 
vars. 
Bocconia 
cordata 
Campanula 
turbinata 
alba 
Clethra 

alni folia 
Platycodon 
grand i- 
flor^mlal- 
bum 
Cimicifuga 
racemosa 
Hollyhocks 
Verbascum 
Miss Will- 
mott 
Aconitum 
Napelius 
albimi 



Helianthus 
multiflorus 
flore pleno 



Dianthus 

Napoleon III 
Kcucheras 
Gaillardia 
Lychnis 

Haageana 
Potentiila, 

many vars. 
Pentstemon 

barbatus 
Lilium 

canadense 
Kniphofia 

Express 
Kniphofia 

Saunders ii 
Kniphofia 

Torchlight 
Hollyhocks 
Montbretia, 

many vars. 
Geums 
Phlox 

decussata, 
many vars. 







JULY 24T^ 




Tradescan- 


Viola 


Papaver 


Linum 


tia virjrin- 


comuta 


rupifragum 


perenne 


ica alba 


Nepeta 


Corydalis 


Linum 


Heucheras 


Mussini 


lutea 


narbonnense 


Campanula 


Erigeron 


Hemerocallis 


Centaurea 


carpatica 


speciosus 


citrinum. 


montana 


Campanula 


Scabiosa 


ochroleuca, 
Kwanso, 
Sir Michael 


Veronica 


lactifiora 
alba 


caucasica 

Scabiosa 


spicata 
Veronica 


Campanula 
rotundi- 


japonica 

Salvia 


Linum flavura 


longi folia 
subsessilis 


folia alba 


Sclarea 


Gaillardia 


Salvia 


Campanula 


Salvia 


Digitalis 


pratensisl 


pus ilia 


turkestanica 


ambigua 


Tradescantia 


alba 


Salvia 


Linaria 


virginica 


Gypsophila 


virgata 


dalmatica 


Campanula 


repens 


(nemorosa) 


Coreopsis 


, carpatica 


Gypsophila 


Galega 


grandiflora 


Campanula 


paniculata 


oflicinalis 


Potentiila, 


pusiUa 


Geranium 


Galega 


many vars. 


Aconitum 


sanguineum 


Hartlandii 


Oenothera 


Napelius 


album 


Prunella 


fruticosa 


Aconitum 


Lychnis 


grand illorum 


Oenothera 


Napelius 


coronaria 


Stokesia 


missouriensis 


bicolor 


alba 


cyanea 


Thermopsis 


Hyssopus 


Scabiosa 


Hollyhocks 


caroliniana 


officinalis 


caucasica 


Campanula 


Verbascum 


Catananche 


alba 


Trachehum 


phlomoides 


caerulea 



Dicentra 

eximia 
Dianthus, 

Mule vars. 
Dianthus 

superbus 
Armeria 
Saponaria 

officinalis 
n. pi. 
Heuchera 
Tunica 

saxifraga 
Potentiila 

formosa 
Phlox 

Nettie Stew- 
art and En- 
chantress 
Coronilla 

varia 
Calystegia 

pubescens 
Sidalcea 

Lysteri 
Lathyrus 

latifolius 
Pink Pearl 



Salvia 

pratensis 

rosea 

Centaurea 

dealbata 
Sidalcea 

malvaeflora 
Lychnis 

Coronaria 
Geranium 

sanguineum 
Lythrum 

Salicaria 
Phlox 

sufifruticosa 
Erodiura 

Manescavi 
Lychnis 

Flos-cuculi 
Veronica 

spicata 
rosea 
Spirea Peach 

Blossom 
Filipendula 

purpurea 
Callirhoe 

involucrata 



397 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



JULY 24TH — Continued 



Anthemis 
tinctoria 
alba 
Phlox 
decussata, 
many vars. 
Veronica 
virginica 
Veronica 
longi folia 

alba 
Sidalcea 
Candida 
Galega 
officinalis 
alba 
Lathyrus 
latifolius 
White 
Pearl 
Sedum al- 
bum 
Malva mos- 
chata alba 
Stokesia 
cyanea alba 
Physostegia 
virginica 

alba 
Chrysanthe- 
mum Par- 
thenium 
Chrysanthe- 
mum 

Leucanthe- 
mum 

many vars. 
Bocconia 
cordata 
Platycodon 
grandi- 
florura al- 
bum 
Cimicifuga 
racemosa 
Hollyhocks 
Verbascura 
Miss WiU- 
mott 
Aconitum 
Napellua 
album 
Lysimachia 
clethroides 
Lilium 
, auratum 



Campanula 

lactiilora 
coerulea 
Campanula 
lactiflora 
E. Molineux 
Scutillaria 
baicalensis 
Funkia 
Sieboldiana 
Funkia 
variegata 
Thalictrum 
dipterocar- 
pum 
Clematis 
Davidi and 
many vars. 
Phlox 
decussata. 
many vars. 
SUtice 
latifolia 



Verbascum 

olympicum 
Aconitum 

pyrenaicum 
Helenium 

Hoopesii 
Sedum acre 
Anthemis 

t inctoria 
Thalictnmi 

glaucum 
Genista 

tinctoria 
flore pleno 
Hypericum 

Moserianum 
Achillea 

filipendulina 
Hollyhocks 
Althaea 

ficifolia 
Helenium 

pumilum 
Helianthus 

multiflorus 

flore pleno 

Helianthus 

rigidus 
Montbretias, 

many vars. 
Rudbeckia 

Newmani 
Centaurea 

macroce- 
phala 



Platycodon 

grandiflorum 
Platycodon 

Mariesii 
Eryngium 

a m e t h y- 
stinum 
Eryngium 

giganteum 
Eryngium 



Eryngium 
planum 



Lilium 

Krameri 
Malva 

moschata 
Hollyhocks 



Physostegia 

virginica 
Lathyrus 

tuberosua 
Hollyhocks 
Echinacea 

purpurea 
Phlox 

decussata, 
many vars. 



Gaillardia 
Potentilla, 

many vars. 
Geums 
Pentstemon 
barbatus 







AUGUST 1ST 






Tradescan- 
tia virgin- 
ica alba 
Heucheras 


Viola 
comuta 
Erigeron 

speciosus 


Papaver 

rupifragum 

Corydalis 
lutea 


Veronica 
longi folia 
subsessilis 

Tradescantia 


Dicentra 

Saponaria 
ofhcinalis 
flore pleno 


Lychnis 

Geranium 

sanguineu 


Campanula 
carpatica 


Scabiosa 
japonica 


Hemerocallis 
Kwanso 


virginica 


Lythnim 
Salicaria 



398 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



.^g_l::gLrh-pS^\-| -- r rs^^l -^sr 



Kniphofia 

Pfitzeri 

Kniphofia 

Saundereii 

Kniphofia 

Torchlight 

Hollyhocks 

Montbretia, 

many vara, 

Phlox 

decussata 



Campanula 

lactifiora 

alba 

Campanula 

pusilla 

Campanula 

pyramid- 

alis alba 

Gypsophila' 

repens 
Gypsophila 
paniculata 
Lychnis 
corona ria 
alba 
Phlox 
decussata. 
many vars. 
Veronica 
virginica 
Veronica 
longi folia 
alba 
Sidalcea 
Candida 
Galega 

officinalis 
Lathyrus 
latifolius 
White 
Pearl 
Malva mos- 
chata alba 
Stokesia 
cyanea alba 
Physostegia 
virginica 
alba 
Chrysanthe- 
mum Par- 
theneum 
Chrysanthe- 
mum Leu- 
canthe- 
muin, 
many vars. 
Bocconia 
cordata 
Platycodon 
grandi- 
florum 
alba I 

Hollyhocks 
Verbascum 
Miss Will- 
mott 
Aconitum 
Napellus 
album 
Lysimachia 
clethroides 
Lilium 

auratum 
Cimicifuga 
simplex 



Salvia 

virgata 
(nemorosa) 
Galega 
oflficinalia 
Galega 

Hartlandii 
Prunella 
grandiflora 
Stokesia 
cyanea 
Hollyhocks 
Campanula 
trachelium 
Campanula 
lactifiora j 
coerulea 
Campanula ) 
lactifiora 
E.Molineux 
Scutellaria 
baicalensis 
Funkia 
Sieboldiana 
Funkia 

variegata 
Thalictrum 
dipterocar- 
pum 
Clematis 
David i, 
many vars, 
Phlox 
decussata. 
many vars. 
Statice 
latifolia 
Statice 
eximia 



AUGUST 1ST— Continued 

Salvia I Hemerocallis 

Sclarea Sir Michael 

Salvia Foster 

turkestanica Linum flavum 
Gaillardia 
Linaria 
dalmatica 
Coreopsis 
grand ifiora 
Potentilla, 
many vars. 
Oenothera 
fruticosa 
Oenothera 
missourien- 



sis 



Verbascum 
phlomoides 
Verbascum 
densifiorum 
Verbascum 
olympicum 
Helenium 
Hoopesii 
Anthemis 
tinctoria 
Hypericum 

Moserianum 
Achillea 
filipendulina 
Hollyhocks 
Althaea 
ficifolia 
Helenium 
pumilum 
Helianthus 
multiflorus 
flore pleno 
Helianthus 

rigidus 
Helianthus 
Miss Mellish 
Montbretias. 
many vars. 
Rudbeckia 
speciosa 
Kniphofia 
Lachesis 
Lilium 
tigrinum 
Hypericum 
calycinum 
Centaurea 
macroce- 
phala 



399 



Campanula 

carpatica 
Campanula 
pusilla 
Aconitum 
Napellus 
Aconitum 
Napellus 
bicolor 
Hyssopus 
ofl5cinalis 
Platycodon 
grandiflorum 
Platycodon 
Mariesi 
Eryngium 
amethyst i- 
num 
Eryngium 
giganteum 
Eryngium 
Olivaria- 
num 
Eryngium 

planum 
Echinops 

Ritro 
Echinops 

bannaticus 
Gentiana 

Andrewsii 
Lobelia 
syphilitica 



Tunica 

saxifraga 
Potentilla 
Formosa 
Phlox 
decussata, 
many vara. 
Calystegia 
pubescens 
Sidalcea 
Lysteri 
Lathyrus 
latifolius 
Pink Pearl 
Malva 

Moschata 
Hollyhocks 
Statice 
incana 
Boltonia 

latisquama 
Boltonia 
latisquama 
nana 
Silene 
Schafta 
Origanum 
vulgare 



Callirhoe 

involucrata 
Physostegia 

virginica 
Lathyrus 

tuberosa 
Hollyhocks 
Echinacea 

purpurea 
Phlox 

decussata, 

many var^. 
Monarda 
didyma 
Monarda 
didyma 

atro-viola- 

cea 
Cedronella 

cana 
Chelone 

Lyoni 
Lyatris 
pychno- 

stachia 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



Oenothera 
speciosa 

Chelone 

glabra 
Monarda 

didyma 

alba 

Boltonia 

asteroides 
Statice 

eximiaalba 



AUGUST 1ST— Continued 



Gaillardia 
Potent ilia 
Pentstemon 

barbatus 
Kniphofia 

Uvaria 
Kniphofia 

Pfitzeri 
Hollyhocks 
Montbretia 
Phlox 

decussata 



Campanula 

carpatica 
Campanula 
lact iflora 
alba 
Campanula 
pyramidalis 
Phlox 
decussata, 
manyvars. 
Veronica 
virginica 
Veronica 
longi folia 
alba 
Sidalcea 
Candida 
Stokes ia 
cyanea alba 
Malva 
moschata 
alba 
Chrysanthe- 
mum Leu- 
canthe- 

many vars. 
Boconia 
cordata 
Physostegia 

virginica 
Platycodon 
grand i- 
flonim al- 
bum 
Hollyhocks 
Verbascum 
Miss WiU- 
mott 
Aeon i turn 
Napellus 
album 
Cimicifuga 
simplex 
Lihum 

auratum 
Oenothera 
speciosa 
Chelone 
glabra 



Viola 
cornuta 
Scabiosa 

japonica 
Salvia 

Sclarea 
Salvia 

turkestanica 
Salvia 

virgata 
(nemorosa) 
Stokesia 

cyanea 
Campanula 

lact iflora 

coerulea 

Campanula 

lactiflora 

E. Molineui 
Funkia 

Sieboldiana 
Funkia 

variegata 
Thalictrum 

dipterocar- 
pum 
Clematis 

Davidi, 
many vars. 
Phlox 

decussata, 
many vars. 
Statice 

latifoUa 
Statice 

eximia 
Caryopteris 

incana 



Aster 

Thompsoni 
Aster 

amellus, 
many vars. 



AUGUST 8th 

Papaver 

rupifragum 
Corydalis 

lutea 
Hemerocallis 

Kwanso 
Hemerocallis 

Sir Michael 
Foster 
Linum 

flavum 
Gaillardia 
Linaria 

dalmatica 
Coreopsis 

grandiflora 
Oenothera 

missourien- 
sis 
Verbascum 

phlomoides 
Verbascum 

densifionmi 
Verbascum 

olympicura 
Helenium 

Hoopesii 
Anthemis 

tinctoria 
Centaurea 

macroce- 

phala 

Hypericum 

Moserianum 
Hypericum 

calycinum 
Hollyhocks 
Althaea 

fici folia 
Helenium 

pumiium 
Achillea 

filipendulina 
Helianthus 

multiiiorus 
flore pleno 
Helianthus 

rigidus 

400 



Veronica 

longi folia 



Tradescantia 

virginica 
Campanula 

carpatica; 

pyramidalis 
Aeon i turn 

Napellus 
Aconitum 

Napellus 

bicolor 

Hyssopus 

otTicmalis 
Platycodon 

grandiflorum 
Platycodon 

Mariesi 
Eryngium, 

many vars. 
Echinops 

Ritro 
Echinops 

bannaticus 
Gentiana 

Andrewsii 
Lobelia 

syphilitica 
Salvia 

azurea 
Salvia 

uliginosa 
Plumbago 

Larpentae 



Dicentra 

eximia 
Saponaria 

officinalis 
flore pleno 
Tunica 

saxifraga 
Phlox 

decussata, 
many vars. 
Calystegia 

pubescens 
Hollyhocks 
Malva 

moschata 
Statice 

incana 
Boltonia 

latisquama 
Boltonia 

latisquama 

Silene 

Schafta 
Origanum 

vulgare 



Lychnis 
Coronaria 

Ly thrum 

Salicaria 
Callirhoe 

involucrata 
Physostegia . 

virginica 
Lathyrus 

tuberosa 
Hollyhocks 
Echinacea 

purpurea 
Phlox 

decussata, 
many vars. 
Monarda 

didyma 
Monarda 

didyma atro- 
violacea 
Cedronella 

cana 
Chelone 

Lyoni 
Lyatris pych- 

nostachia 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



Boltonia 

asteroides 
Statice 

eximia alba 
Salvia a z - 

urea alba 
Monarda 

didyma 

alba 

Echinops 

sphaeroce- 

phalus 
Artemisia 

lactiflora 
Funkia 

subcordata 



AUGUST %JH— Continued 

Helianthus 

Miss Mellish 
Montbretia, 

many vars. 
Rudbeckia 

speciosa 
Rudbeckia 

nitida 
Kniphofia 

Lachesis 
Lilium 

tigrinum 



AUGUST I 6th 



Gaillardia 

Pentstemon 
barbatus 

Kniphofia 
Pfiueri 



Montbretia 
Phlox 

decussata 



Campanula 

carpatica 
Campanula 
lactiflora 
alba 
Campanula 
pyrami- 
dal is 
Campanula 
aUiariaefoIia 
Phlox 
decussata, 
many vars. 
Physoste^a 
virginica 
alba 
Veronica 

virginica 
Veronica 
Ion gi folia 
alba 
Stokesia 
cyanea alba 
Chrysant he- 



many vars. 

Platycodon 

grandi- 

norum 

album 

Verbascum 

Miss Will- 

mott 

Aconitura 

Napellus 

album 

Cimicifuga 

simplex 
Lilium 

auratum 
Oenothera 
speciosa 



Viola c o r - 

nuta 
Scabiosa 

japonica 
Salvia 

Sclarea 
Salvia 

virgata 
nemorosa 
Stokesia 

cyanea 
Campanula 

lactiflora 

coerulea 

Campanula 

lactiflora 
E.Molineux 
Funkia 

Sieboldiana 
Funkia 

variegata 
Thalictrum 

dipterocar- 
pum 
Clematis 

Davidi, 
many vars. 
Phlox 

decussata, 
many vars. 
Statice 

lati folia 
Statice 

eximia 
Caryopteris 

incana 



Aster 

Thompsoni 
Aster 

amelJus 
many vars. 



Papaver 

rupifragum 
Corydalis 

lutea 
Hemerocallis 

Kwanso 
Hemerocallis 

Sir Michael 
Foster 
Linum 

flavum 
Gaillardia 
Linaria 

dalmatica 
Coreopsis 

grandi flora 
Oenothera 

missourien- 

Verbascum 

olympicum 
Anthemis 

tinctoria 
Centaurea 

macroce- 

phala 

Hypericum 

Moserianum 
Hypericum 

calycinum 
Althaea 

fici folia 
Helenium 

pumilura 
Helianthus 

multiflorus 
flore pleno 
Helianthus 

rigidus 
Helianthus 

Miss Mel- 
lish 
Montbretia. 

many vars. 

401 



Veronica 

longifoUa 
subsessilis 
Tradescantia 

virginica 
Campanula 

carpatica 
Campanula 

pyramidalis 
Aconitum 

Napellus 
Aconitum 

Napellus 

bicolor 

Platycodon 

grandiflorum 
Platycodon 

Mariesi 
Hyssopus 

olhcinalis 
Eryngium. 

many vars. 
Exrhinops, 

many vars. 
Lobelia 

syphihtica 
Gentiana 

Andrewsii 
Salvia 

azurea 
Salvia 

uliginosa 
Salvia 

Pitcheri 
Plumbago 

Larpentae 



Dicentra 


Lythrum 


eximia 


Salicaria 


Saponaria 


Callirhoe 


officinalis 


involucrata 


flore pleno 


Physostegia 


Tunica 


virginica 


saxifraga 


Lathyrus 


Phlox 


tuberosa 


decussata. 


Phlox 


many vars. 


decussata. 


Calystegia 


many vars 


pubescens 




Statice 


didyma 


incana 


Monarda 


Boltonia 


didyma 


latisquama 


atro-vio 


Boltonia 


lacea 


latisquama 


Echinacea 


nana 


purpurea 


Silene 




Schafta 


cana 


Origanum 


Chelone 


vulgare 


Lyoni 




Lyatris 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



Chelone 

glabra 
Boltonia 

^teroides 
Statice ex- 

imia alba 
Statice i n - 

cana alba 
Salvia 

azurea alba 
Monarda 

didyraa 

alba 

Echinops 

sphaero- 
cephcilu3 
Artemisia 

lactiflora 
Funkia 

subcordata 



AUGUST i6rH— Continued 



Rudbeckia 
speciosa 

Rudbeckia 

nitida 
Kniphofia 

Lachesis 
Lilium 

tigrinum 
Lilium 

Henryi 



AUGUST 24TH 



Gaillardia 
Kniphofia 

PfiUeri 
Kniphofia 

Uvaria 
Montbretias 
Phlox 

decussata, 
many vars. 
Lobelia 

cardinalis 



Campanula 

carpatica 
Campanula 
lactiflora 
alba 
Campanula 
pyramida- 
lis alba 
Campanula 
alii ariae folia 
Physostegia 
virgin ica 
alba 
Veronica 
longifolia 
alba 
Stokesia 
cyanea alba 
Chrysanthe- 
mum leu- 
canthe- 
mum 
Aconitum 
NapelluB 
alba 
Cimicifuga 
simplex 
Oenothera 
speciosa 
Chelone 
glabra 
Boltonia 

asteroid es 
Statice ex- 

imia alba 
Statice in- 
canaalba 
Scdvia az- 
urea alba 
Monarda 
didyma 
alba 



Salvia 
virgata 
(nemorosa) 
Stokesia 
cyanea 
Campanula 
lactiflora 
coerulea 
Campanula 
lactiflora 
E.Molineux 
Thalictrum 
dipterocar- 
pum 
Clematis 
Davidi, 
many vars. 
Phlox 
decussata, 
many vare. 
Statice 
latifolia 
Statice 
eximi- 
Caryopteris 
incana 



Aster 

Thompson! 
Aster 
amellus, 
many vars. 
Aster acris 
Aster 
amethysti- 
nus 



Papaver 

rupifragum 
Corydalis 

lutea 
HemerocalUs 

Kwanso 
Hemerocallis 

Sir Michael 
Foster 
Gaillardia 
Centaur ea 

macroce- 

phala 

Hypericum 

Moserianum 
Hypericum 

calycinum 
Helenium 

pumilum 
Helianthus 

rigidus 
Helianthus 

inultiflorus 
flore pleno 
Helianthus 

orgyalis 
Montbretias, 

many vars. 
Rudbeckia 

nitida and 
speciosa 
Kniphofia 

Lachesis 
Lilium 

Henryi 



402 



Veronica 
lon^folia 

suosessilis 
Tradescantia 

virginica 
Campanula 

carpatica 
Campanula 

pyramidalis 
Aconitum 

Napellus 
Aconitum 

Fischeri 
Aconitum 

Wilsoni 
Eryngiums, 

many vars. 
Echinops, 

many vars. 
Lobelia 

syphilitica 
Gentiana 

Andrews! 
Salvia 

Salvia 

uliginosa 
Salvia 

Pitcheri 
Plumbago 

Larpentae 



Saponaria 

oflicinalis 

flore pieno 
Tunica 
saxifraga 
Phlox 
decussata, 
many vars. 
Calystegia 
pubescens 
Statice 
incana 
Boltonia 

latisquama 
Boltonia 
latisquama 
nana 
Silene 
Schafta 
Origanum 

vulgare 
Lilium 
sp)eciosum 
roseum 
Lilium 
speciosum 

Melpomene 
Hibiscus 
Moscheutos 
Aster 
ericoides 
Enchan- 
tress 



Lythrum 

Salicaria 
Caliirhoe 

involucrata 
Physostegia 

virgimca 
Lathyrus 

tuberosus 
Phlox 

decussata. 
many vars. 
Monarda 

didyma 
Monarda 

didyma 
atro- 
violacea 
Echinacea 

purpurea 
Cedronella 

cana 
Chelone 

Lyoni 
Lyatris 

pychon- 

stachia 

Veronia 

arkansana 
Dcsmodium 

penduli- 
florum 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



WHITE AND LAVENDER AND YELLOW AND DARK BLUE AND PINK AND I MAGENTA AND 
CREAM I PURPI-E | ORANGE | LIGHT BLUE | ROSE CRIMSON 



AUGUST 24TH — Continued 



Gaillardia 
Kniphofia 

Pfitzeri 
Kniphofia 

Uvaria 
Montbretia 
Phlox 

decussata 
Lobelia 

cardinalis 



' Echinops 
sphaero- 
cephalus 
Artemisia 
lactiflora 
Funkia 
subcordata 
alba 
Lilium 



spe 
album 
Chrysanthe- 
mum uli- 
ginosum 
Hibiscus 
Moscheu- 
tosalba 



Campanula 

carpatica 
Campanula 

lactiflora 

alba 

Campanula 

alliariaefoUa 
Campanula 

pyranud- 
ilis 
Physostegia 

virginica 

alba 

Veronica 

longi folia 
alba 
Stokesia 

cyanea alba 
Cimicifuga 

simplex 
Oenothera 

speciosa 
Boltonia 

asteroides 
Stat ice ex- 

imia alba 
Statice 

incana alba 
Salvia ar- 
ea alba 
Artemisia 

lactiflora 
Funkia sub- 
cordata 
Lilium 

speciosum 
album 
Chrysanthe- 
mum uligi- 
nosum 
Hibiscus 

Moscheutos 
alba 
Eupatorium 

ageratoidea 



SEPTEMBER ist 



Stokesia 

cyanea 
Clematis 

Davidi, 
many vara. 
Phlox 

decussata 
Statice 

latifolia 
Caryopteris 

incana 



Aster 

Thompsoni 
Aster 
amellus, 
many vars. 
Aster acris 
Aster 
amethysti- 
nus 
Aster novae- 
belgii. 
many vars. 
Aster novae- 
angliae, 
many vars. 
Aster 
cordifolius, 
many vars. 
Aster Beauty 
of Colwell 
Aster Climax 
Aster Eileen 
Aster Saturn 
Aster laevis 
harvard! 



Papaver 

rupifragum 
Corydalis 

lutea 
Gaillardia 



Hypericum 

calycinum 
Helenium 

pumilum 
Helianthus 

multiflorus 
flora pleno 
Helianthus 

rigidus 
Helianthus 

orgyalis 
Montbretia, 

many vars, 
Rudbeckia 

nitida 
Rudbeckia 

speciosa 
Kniphofia 

Lachesis 
Kniphofia 

Chloris 
Kniphofia 

Lemon 

Queen 
Lilium 

Henryi 



Campanula 

carpatica 
Campanula 

pyramidal is 
Aconitum 

Fischeri 
Aconitum 

Wilsoni 
Echinops 
Salvia 

azurea 
Salvia 

uliginosa 
Salvia 

Pitcheri 
Phimbago 

LariKntae 



Saponaria 

officinalis 
flore pleno 
Tunica 

saxifrage 
Calystegia 

pubescens 
Boltonia 

latisquama 
Boltonia 

latisquama 
nana 
Silene 

Schafta 
Origanimi 

vulgare 
Lilium 

speciosum 
roseum 
Lilium 

speciosum 
Melpomene 
Hibiscus 

Moscheutos 
Aster 

cricoid es 
Enchan- 
tress 
Aster 

cordifolius 

giganteus 
Anemone 
japonica, 

many vars. 



Callirhoe 

invoiucrata 
Lathyrus 

tuberosus 
Echinacea 

purpurea 
Cedronella 

cana 
Veronica 

Arkansana 
Desmodium 

penduli- 
florum 
Aster novae- 

belgii, 
many vars. 
Aster novae- 

angliae, 
many vars. 
Aster 

Colwall 
Pink 
Aster 

vimineus. 
many vars. 



403 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



SEPTEMBER isT— Continued 



Gaillardia 
Kniphofia 

Pfitzeri 
Kniphofia 

Uvaria 
Montbretias 
Lobelia 

cardinalis 
Helenium 

autumnale 
rubrum 



Aster Peter's 

White 
Phlox 

Jeanne 

d'Arc 

Polygonum 

compact um 
Anemone 

japonica, 
many vars. 
Aster 

ericoides 



Campanula 

carpatica 
Campanula 

pyramid- 

alisalba 

Oenothera 

speciosa 
Boltonia 

asteroides 
Phlox 

Jeanne 
d'Arc 
Chrysanthe- 
mum uligi- 
nosum 
Statice 

incana alba 
Stokesia 

cyanea 
Artemisia 

lac ti flora 
Salvia a z - 

urea alba 
Lilium 

speciosum 

album 
Hibiscus 

Moscheutos 

albus 
Eupatorium 

ageratoides 
Aster Peter's 

White 
Aster 

ericoides 
Polygonum 

compactum 
Anemone 

japonica 
Aster 



SEPTEMBER 8th 



Stokesia 

cyanea 
Clematis 

Davidi, 
many vars 
Statice 

lati folia 
Caryopteris 

incana 



Aster acris 
Aster 
amethysti- 

Aster novae- 
belgi, 
many vars. 

angliae. 
many vars. 
Aster 

cordifolius, 
many vars. 
Aster 

Climax 
Aster Felt- 

ham Blue 
Aster Saturn 
Aster Eileen 
Aster laevis 

harvardi 



Papaver 

ruptfragum 
Corydalis 

lutea 
Gaillardia 
Hypericum 

Moserianum 
Hypericum 

calycinum 
Helenium 

autumnale 
Helenium 

pumilum 
Helianthus 

multiflorus 
flore pleno 
Helianthus 

orgy a lis 
Montbretia 



Kniphofia 

Lemon 
Queen 
Lilium 

Henryi 
Rudbeckia 

nitida 
Rudbeckia 

speciosa 



Campanula 

carpatica 
Campanula 

pyramidalis 
Aconitum 

Fischeri 
Aconitum 

Wilsoni 
E^hinops 
Salvia 

azurea 
Salvia 

uliginosa 
Salvia 

Pitcheri 
Plumbago 

Larpentae 
Gentiana 

crinita 



Boltonia 

latisquama 
Latisquama 

nana 
Origanum 

vulgare 
Lilium 



Lilium 

speciosum 
Melpomene 
Hibiscus 

Moscheutos 
Aster 



several 

Aster 
cordifolius 
giganteus 
Anemone 
japonica, 
many vars. 
Tunica 
saxifraga 



CaUirhoe 

involucrata 
Echinacea 

purpurea 
Cedronella 

cana 
Veronica 

arkansana 
Desmodium 

penduh- 
florum 
Aster 

novae-belgi, 

many vars. 

Aster novae- 

angliae, 
many vars. 
Anemone 

japonica 
Sedum 

spectabilis 



404 



COLOUR IN MY GARDEN 



SEPTEMBER i6th 



Gaillardia 
Kniphofia 

Pfitzeri 
Kniphofia 

Uvaria 
Montbretia 
Helenium 

autumnale 
rubrum 



Campanula ' 

carpatica 
Campanula 

pyramidalis 
Phlox 

Jeanne 

d'Arc 

Artemisia 

lactiflora 
Hibiscus 

Moscheutos 
Eupator- 

ium agera- 
toides 
Aster Peter's 

White 
Aster 

ericoides 
Aster 



Anemone 
japonica 
Colchicum 
autumnale 
album 
Chrysanthe- 
mum nip- 
ponicum 



Stat ice 

lati folia 
Caryopteris 

incana 
Eupatorium 

coelestinum 
Aster novae- 

belgi. 
many vars. 
Aster novae- 

angliae, 

many vars. 
Aster 

cordifolius, 

many vars. 
Aster laevis, 

several vars. 
Aster 

Climax 
Aster Eileen 
Aster Saturn 
Crocus 

speciosus 
Colchicum 

autumnale 



Papaver 
rupifragum 
Corydalis 

lutea 
Gaillardia 
Hypericum 

calycimum 
Helianthus 

multiflorus 
flore pleno 
Helenium 

autumnale 
Helenium 

pumilum 
Kniphofia 
Chloris 
Rudbeckia 

nitida 
Rudbeckia 

speciosa 
Hehanthus 

Mazimilianii 



Campanula 

carpatica 
Aconitum 

Fischeri 
Aconitum 

Wilsoni 
Aconitum 

autumnale 
Plumbago 

Larpentae 
Gentiana 

crenata 



Origanum 
vulgare 

Aster 
vimineus, 
several 
vars. 
Aster 
cordifolius 
giganteus 
Anemone 
japonica, 
many vars. 
Tunica 
saxifraga 



Callirhoe 

involucrata 
Cedronella 

cana 
Vemonia 

arkansana 
Desmodium 

penduli- 

florum 
Aster novae- 

belgi, 
many vars. 
Aster novae- 

angliae, 
many vars. 
Anemone 

japonica 
Sedum 

spectabile 



Gaillardia 
Kniphofia 
PfiUeri 



Helenium 

autumnale 
rubrum 



Campanula 
carpatica 
alba 
Phlox 
Jeanne 
d'Arc 
Artemisia 
lactiflora 
Eupatorium 
ageratoides 
Aster Peter's 

White 
Aster 
ericoides 
Aster 
vimineus, 
several 
vars. 
Anemone 
japonica 
Colchicum 
autumnale 
album 
Chrysanthe- 
mum nip- 
ponicum 
Aster 
gracillimus 



SEPTEMBER 24TH 




Statice 


Gaillardia 


Campanula 


Origanum 


latifolia 


Corydalis 


carpatica 


vulgare 


Caryopteris 


lutea 


Aconitum 


Aster 


incana 


Helianthus 


Fischeri 


vimineus, 


Eupatorium 


multiflorus 


Aconitum 


several 


coelestinum 


tiore pleno 


Wilsoni 


vars. 


Aster novae- 


Helenium 


Aconitum 


Aster 


belgi. 


autumnale 


autumnale 


cordifolius 


many vars. 


Helenium 


Plumbago 


gigantea 


Aster novae- 


pumilum 


Larpentae 


Anemone 


angliae. 


Rudbeckia 


Gentiana 


japonica. 


many vars. 


speciosa 


crinata 


vars. 


Aster 


Kniphofia 




Tunica 


Climax 


Chloris 




saxifraga 


Aster Eileen 


Helianthus 






Aster Saturn 


Maximiliani 






Crocus 








speciosus 








Crocus 








zonatus 








Colchicum 








autumnale 








Aster 








cordifolius 








Ideal 








Aster 








grandiflorus 








Aster 








tataricus 









Callirhoe 

involucrata 
Cedronella 

cana 
Vemonia 

arkansana 
Desmodium 

penduH- 
fiorum 
Aster novae- 

belgi, 
many vars. 
Aster novae- 

angliae, 
many vars. 
Anemone 

japonica 
Aster 

Novelty 



405 



INDEX 



INDEX 



Arnold, Sir Edwin, quoted, 16 

Asters, Hardy, effective for natiiralizing, 

307 
August compositions, 255 
Autumn blooming plants and shrubs, 317 
Background in relation to climbers, 118 
Bare places, the problem of the, 19 
Bedding plants, 287; combinations for 

spring bedding, 289; taboo list, 290; 

annuals, 296 
Blossoming time of garden plants, 377 
Blue flowers of midsummer, 131 
Border planting in regard to season of 

bloom, 5 
Bowles, Mr., quoted, 224 
Bulbs, ground cover for, 20; for the 

shady border, 211 
Climbing plants m relation to background, 

118 
Colour chart for, and period of bloom, 379 
Colour, natural progression, 7; harmon- 
ious blending, 8; for the shady border, 

211 
Colours predominating at certain seasons, 

7, 39 
Coloured foliage plants and shrubs, 271 
Columbines, flowers of grace, 83 
Coral Bells, flowers of grace, 78 
Cover plantings for bare places, 19 
Creeping plants for covering bulbs, 21 
Daffodils, best for certain situations, 51; 

for naturalizing along streams, 52 
Day Lilies, varieties pale yellow to 

orange, 151 
Drummond Castle, magenta flower bor- 
ders at, 228 
Earl, Rev. John, quoted, 334 
Earl, Mrs., quoted, 224 
Eliot, Clarence, quoted, 226 
English gardens, colour arrangement, 4 
Farrer, Reginald, quoted, 120, 229 
Flax to establish among lilies, 28, note; 

delicacy and beauty of, 76 
Flowering, periods of, 377 
Flowering trees with Tulips, 58 
Foliage, importance of, 19 
Foliage plants and shrubs, coloured, 271 
Fragrance of flowers at night, 200 



Fragrancy being lost for beauty, 206 
Garden pictures, arrangement, 6 
Gerade, John, quoted, 335 
Grandmothers' gardens, of colour and 

fragrance, 3, 224 
Gray plants for border and shrubbery, 

281 
Ground cover for bulbs, 20 
Harmony in colour blending, 8 
Helianthus, ineradicable in the garden, 

266 
Hemerocallis, varieties from pale yellow 

to orange, 151 
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, quoted, 

174 
Hulm, Frederick, quoted, 335 
Interplanting to prevent bareness, 22 
Irises to flower with Tulips, 68 
Italian garden pools, plantings for, 193 
Japanese, skill in colour harmony, 13; 

most sensitive to colour, 15 
Jekyll, Miss, quoted, 5, 224 
Keeler, Harriet, quoted, 39 
Kniphofias, winter protection for, 265 
Late-flowering plants for concealing bare 

places, 27 
Lavender and purple Phloxes, list of, 244 
Lilies, schemes of interplanting with, 27 
Maeterlinck, quoted, 244 
Magenta, the maligned colour, 115, 223 
Magenta Phloxes, list of names, 243 
Markham, Gervaise, quoted, 338 
Michaelmas Daisies, 301; list of best 

September flowering, 306 
Night-blooming flowers, 197 
Northern exposiire, plants and shrubs 

suitable for, 218 
Old-fashioned plant names, 333 
One-colour gardens, 6 
Papaver rupifragum, to establish among 

Lilies, 28, note 
Parkinson John, quoted, 335, 337 
Peony, Chinese Tree, 120 
Peonies, Pink and others, 119 
Periods of flowering, 377 
Phillpotts, Eden, quoted, 109 
Phloxes, varieties and colours, 239; 

magenta, list of names, 243; lavender 



409 



INDEX 



and purple, list of names, 244; soil and 
conditions for growing, 251 
Pictorial arrangement of gardens, 4 
Pink flowers in the garden, 115 
Plant names, familiar, 333 
Plants and shrubs for shady border, 218 
Pond shore spring pictures, 44, 165 
Pool planting in the garden, 187 
Poppies, preeminent flowers of grace, 85 
Rose borders, 102 
Rose colour in the garden, 115 
Scarlet berries, shrubs and trees with, 327 
Screening plants for biennials out of 

flower, 22 
Seasons, gardens planned for special, 5 
Sedding, John, quoted, 4 
Seedlings, self-sown, eradication, toler- 
ance, and appreciation, 28, 35, 36 
Shadow and sunshine, flowers showing to 

best advantage in, 14 
Shady border, colour for the, 211 
Shrubs and plants for shady border, 218 
Shrubs and trees with scarlet berries, 327 
Shrubs, first to bloom in spring, 39 



Spring, first shrubs to bloom, 39; first 

flowering plants, 41 
Spring-flowering shrubs and plants, 

pictorial arrangement, 43 
Spring walk of Tulips with plan, 66 
Staking of tall-growing plants, 28 
Stonework, ferns and flowering plants 

for establishing in, 30 
Streamside spring pictures, 44, 165 
Sunshine and shadow, flowers showing to 

advantage in, 14 
Taylor, Mrs. Basil, quoted, 125 
Thoreau, quoted, 39, 60, 187, 194, 198 
Tulips beneath flowering trees, 58; 

varieties used and their colours, 59, 

65, et seq.; early literature on, 69 
Variegated plants and shrubs, 273 
Waterside plantings, 44, 165 
White, proper use in garden, 8 
White and yellow in combination, 157 
Wild flowers for the shady border, 211 
Wilson, E. H., quoted, 40 
Yellow and white in combination, 157 
Yellow flowers in variety, 149 



410 




THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS 
GARDEN CITY, N. T. 



